During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Deng Hua was at the headquarters of the Volunteer Army (in the tunnel).
In May 1950, after the founding of New China, Deng Hua, then commander of the 15th Corps, successfully completed the heavy task of liberating Hainan Island entrusted by Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission. After 23 years of gunfire and bullets, Deng Hua seems to feel that he can use knives and guns to let go of Nanshan. However, just over a month after a little calm, the Korean War broke out. As a soldier whose duty is to defend his family and defend the country, Deng Hua has thrown himself into a new battle.
In April 1952, Mr. Peng returned to China due to illness, and after his cure, he stayed in China to preside over the daily work of the Central Military Commission. In June, the central government appointed Deng Hua as acting commander and political commissar of the Volunteer Army. Thinking that at the beginning, among the many generals, Deng Hua was appointed as a general to lead the troops to prepare for war and enter the DPRK, and now he was entrusted with a heavy responsibility to succeed General Peng in presiding over the overall work of the volunteer army headquarters, Deng Hua felt a heavy responsibility and did not dare to be tired in the slightest.
In accordance with the strategic intentions and judgments of Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission, Deng Hua, as a front-line commander, proceeded from the overall situation of the war, correctly grasped major strategic issues such as plotting, opening, controlling, and closing the situation, and planned campaigns and battles. Together with other leaders of the Volunteer Army, he organized and commanded a full-linear tactical counterattack operation, which Chairman Mao spoke highly of, saying in his congratulatory telegram: "If this method of warfare continues to be implemented, it will certainly be able to control the enemy's death and force the enemy to take a compromise method to end the Korean War." ”
In October 1952, Deng Hua successfully organized and commanded the Battle of Shangganling. According to the situation and situation in Korea at that time, in December of the same year, Deng Hua put forward the principle of anti-landing defense, and it took only more than 20 days to adjust the deployment of troops on the frontal battlefield and the east and west coasts, and successfully completed the huge anti-landing defense combat preparations in 4 months, so that the US military did not dare to take the risk of landing again.
The armistice negotiations that began on July 10, 1951, were delayed due to the sabotage of the enemy. Until June 1953, when an armistice was about to be signed, the South Korean side openly detained 27,000 Korean and Chinese prisoners in the name of "on-the-spot release." Originally, Peng Zong had arrived in Pyongyang to go to Kaesong to sign the armistice agreement, but Deng Hua reported to Peng Zong that he should eliminate another 15,000 South Korean troops to deal a heavy blow to the enemy, which was approved by Peng Zong.
Then, Mr. Peng presided over an enlarged meeting of the Party Committee of the Volunteer Army, determined a plan to fight another war against the South Korean Army, and obtained the approval of the Central Military Commission. Chairman Mao instructed the volunteer army to "just fight, do not talk, do not slacken off, and everything will continue as originally planned."
Deng Hua and Shiji led the volunteer army to launch a summer offensive against the enemy, actively fighting to cooperate with the armistice negotiations, and striking at the enemy's arrogance from the battlefield. After careful organization and meticulous command, the Volunteer Army won the last battle of the Korean War, the Battle of Kimseong, and increased the initiative at the negotiating table. In this regard, the US representative made a clear guarantee to the DPRK and China representatives on all issues related to the armistice negotiation agreement, and promised not to let Rhee of South Korea block the implementation of the agreement.
On July 10, 1951, the Korean armistice negotiations began, which was the earliest representative of the DPRK and China. From left: Xie Fang, Deng Hua, Nan Ri, Li Xiangchao, Zhang Pingshan.
In the end, the U.S. side had to sign an armistice.
In September 1954, although Deng Hua had returned to China by this time, he was officially appointed commander and political commissar of the Volunteer Army. It can be said that this is Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission's affirmation and greatest praise for Deng Hua's deeds in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
Deng Huaqin was good at thinking and summing up with his brain; he attached great importance to the experience of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea; during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and after the war ended, he not only wrote an analysis and investigation report to the leading organs at a higher level, but also wrote many summaries and speech articles. He was conscientious and responsible for his work, and important telegrams, summaries, reports, and speeches were usually done by himself, and he never looked for someone to ghostwrite it. After the end of the first campaign, Deng Hua conscientiously studied the us army's operational laws and suggestions on the possible operational policy of the war situation, which was approved by General Manager Peng and other members of the party committee. Under the guidance of this campaign policy, the second campaign annihilated a total of 36,000 "United Nations troops", recaptured a large area of land, and forced the enemy to turn from offense to defense. Deng Hua also wrote such works as "Preliminary Experience in Operations Against the US Army," "On protracted warfare in the Korean Battlefield," "Readjusting Deployment and Strengthening In-Depth Fortifications in Order to Persist in Protracted Operations," "Several Tactical Issues Concerning Active Defensive Operations," "Research on Tactical Issues in Anti-Landing Operations," "Victory of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army in The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea over the Past Three Years," and "Introduction to the Experience of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea." From 1954 to 1956, in accordance with the decision of the Central Military Commission, Deng Hua presided over a systematic summary of the war against the United States and Aid Korea, and finally completed the "Summary of experience in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea," which provided an important basis for studying this war and for future national defense construction and army building.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was an extremely arduous war, and in this three-dimensional war, there was no distinction between the front and the rear. Our volunteer headquarters was transferred 6 times and bombed by enemy aircraft 9 times. Chairman Mao's son, Mao Anying, was killed by an enemy napalm bomb at the headquarters of the Volunteer Army.
Although Deng Hua was a commander, before major battles and campaigns, he always went to the divisions and regiments in the main direction of attack to understand the situation and conduct on-the-spot command. The staff officers were worried about his safety and advised him not to rely too much on the front line, and Deng Hua would say: Don't say it so seriously, I always have to see some things with my own eyes to be assured. As a result, he encountered many dangerous situations. When he first entered the DPRK, Deng Hua was riding in a Soviet-style Gaz-51 jeep, with Deng Hua sitting in the co-pilot's seat, and fan Lingqi, director of the Volunteer Army's office in Andong, and two soldiers in the back seat. After less than 20 minutes of driving in North Korea, the car encountered indiscriminate bombardment by US aircraft without any targets, and the tail of the car was hit by a stray bullet, and Fan Fengqi immediately ordered the driver to drive quickly. 20 minutes later, a bomb exploded in front of Deng Hua's car, not only was the vehicle damaged and unable to drive, the driver was killed on the spot, and the two soldiers sitting in the back row were also killed. Fan Fengqi was injured in the leg and immediately asked Deng Hua to change to another car to continue. Another time, Deng Hua rushed back to the volunteer headquarters from the front line at 1 a.m., because he was too tired to get out of the car and could not go to his own house, so he put a camp bed in the room of Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi nearby, and fell asleep without taking off his clothes. As a result, when the enemy planes came to bomb in the early morning, they were still thrown off by Deputy Commander Hong's camp bed and dragged into the ravine with a pull belt to avoid a disaster. After the enemy plane flew away, a row of enemy aircraft bullet holes were left on the camp bed.
With the support of the people of the whole country, the officers and men of the Volunteer Army played a military and national prestige on the Korean battlefield, winning dignity for the motherland and peace for the people. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea not only consolidated our newborn red regime, but also washed away a century of national humiliation in one fell swoop, allowed the whole world to re-understand China, and we are no longer the "sick men of East Asia." The people of Chinese have since truly stood up! See what Clark, the third commander of the U.N. Army, had to say: "The Korean War for me was the end of 40 years of military service. This is the highest position I have ever experienced in my military career, but this is a position without glory. In carrying out the government's directives, I received an unenviable honor: I became the first commander of the United States Army in history to sign an armistice without victory. I felt a sense of disappointment and pain. I think my predecessors, General MacArthur and Ridgway, must have felt the same way. ”
(The author of this article is the daughter of Deng Hua, the former pharmacist in charge of the outpatient department of the PLA Logistics College)
Author: Deng Ying
Editor: Xue Weiping