In ancient times, the only way out for readers was to take the exam and become an official. This kind of promotion has also gradually spawned a special teacher-student relationship - the master and the protégé. The so-called seat masters refer to the main examiners who admit candidates in the imperial examination, and the seat masters call these disciples protégés.
Since ancient times, China has had a tradition of "respecting the teacher and valuing the Tao", and for the lord, there is more respect. The examination itself has a great deal of contingency, and once the title of the gold list is titled, it determines the future of the candidate's life. As a Ming Dynasty ruler said: "Drinking water is thinking of the source, Yimu is thinking of the yin; a crown, a group, ann so-non-teacher to give also!" ”
Jinshi and the first
Once in high school, after the examination is released, the first thing the protégés have to do is to throw a "protégé thorn" to the lord of the seat, and "pray" and "see" (holding gifts to see) the host to confirm the relationship between the host and the protégé.
This is only the beginning, the protégés will often go to the church, see the teacher, in addition to these personal contacts, but also for the teacher to gather books, consciously close, in the official field only the teacher is the head of the horse. Teachers should serve them before they die, and after they die, they must also treat them, write commemorative poems, and take care of their families.
The owner of the teacher will also reciprocate the protégé and do his best to take care of things, such as giving priority to promoting protégés and actively expanding their political influence. When a protégé makes a mistake, he will also try his best to exonerate him.
The reason why the gift of teachers and students became a recognized intimate relationship in the Ming Dynasty is that the owner of the seat is not only a teacher, but also a guide for the career of fresh people. Usually, those who serve as the chief examiners of the imperial examination are all cabinet ministers, and being able to establish relations with such important ministers is something that many scholars and people cannot ask for.
The owner and protégé are both a relationship of grace and retribution, and at the same time constitute a community of interests. For protégés, there are people in the DPRK who are good officials, and the teacher's suggestions and care are extremely important network resources for them. For the owner, loving and promoting protégés is also cultivating his own political power. Therefore, in addition to the emotional teacher-student relationship between the protégés and the host, the protégés are more conscious of being a community of interests.
Zhang Ju, the first assistant in the cabinet, is being impeached by students
But there are exceptions to everything, and there are also masters and protégés who quarrel with each other, and even turn against each other. The most famous example is Zhang Juzheng.
Teacher Zhang became the first assistant of the cabinet during the Longqing period, and later won the trust of Empress Li and the Wanli Emperor, and successively held the Ming dynasty for ten years, which can be described as the most powerful first assistant in the history of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhang Juzheng, the most powerful first assistant of the Ming Dynasty
The first to impeach him was his protégé Liu Tai, who was a jinshi of longqing for five years, and Zhang Ju was the chief examiner of that year, and the two were a solid teacher-student relationship. Zhang Juzheng was kind to Liu Tai, who was himself his lord, and in the case that Liu Taizhong had only been the chief of the Punishment Department for two years after liu Taizhong entered the army, he promoted him to be the inspector of imperial history and patrolled Liaodong.
Such an opportunity is a rare opportunity for many people in their lifetime. Liu Tai was naturally grateful to Zhang Juzheng, but during his tenure as inspector of imperial history, something happened when Li Chengliang, the general of Liaodong at the time, won a great victory in the battle against the Mongols.
Li Chengliang was also a border minister trusted by Zhang Juzheng, and Liu Tai probably asked for credit and preemptively played this matter to the imperial court. However, according to the system, the song jie should have been played jointly by the chief soldier and the inspector, and Liu Tai was a patrol and had no power to play at all.
Although it is not a big deal, it should be lowered as usual. It was said that Zhang Juzheng's power at that time was to take care of the protégé and suppress this matter, but he probably wanted to knock this disciple down, so he asked for a reprimand.
Unexpectedly, Liu Tai did not do it, he was indignant, and in the fourth year of the Wanli Calendar, he made a concert, did a groundbreaking event, directly tore his face, and openly impeached his teacher Zhang Juzheng.
In this chapter, Liu Tai listed the seven major crimes of the teacher: First, he expelled the high arch demonstration and left a letter to the city, so that the imperial court was disrespectful to the old courtiers; second, he violated the ancestral system and gave Zhu Xizhong, the duke of Chengguo, as a prince; third, he appointed Zhang Siwei, Zhang Han, and other cronies; fourth, Wei Fu used himself, had no eyes on the imperial court, and the courtiers feared the righteous more than his majesty; fifth, he used the Examination Law to hold six ministries hostage; sixth, he destroyed officials and hated upright people; seventh, he used power to seek personal gain, seized the land of the Liao Dynasty, tried for his children, built mansions in Jiangling, and accepted bribes from military ministers.
Former residence of Zhang Juzheng in Jingzhou, Hubei Province
As the saying goes, "the fortress is the easiest to conquer from the inside", these seven crimes, one by one, poked Zhang Juzheng's sore spot. Because of Liu Tai's special status, the credibility of this impeachment has been increased.
Liu Tai even pointed out in the recital that Zhang Juzheng "has few auxiliary governments, that is, rich jia quanchu, why is it caused?" Why did the concubine of the palace concubine, who serve the emperor and the king, cause it"? This kind of implicit statement refers to Zhang Juzheng's unincorporated heart, which shows that he must want to put Zhang Juzheng to death and then quickly.
A community of teachers and students whose interests are sustained
Zhang Juzheng was of course even more indignant, and what made him most angry was that "in the past two hundred years, there has been no way to impeach the elders of the division", and in the two hundred years since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the impeachment of the teacher by students that has never appeared has actually fallen on his head. Therefore, he submitted his resignation to the Wanli Emperor in court, "Counting the only way to thank him."
Zhang Shoufu was emotionally excited and cried on the spot, so much so that the Wanli Emperor personally stepped down from the throne to support him and repeatedly comforted him. Zhang Juzheng reluctantly agreed, but still did not come out and ignored the government.
As soon as the Wanli Emperor saw that the matter was unfinished, he immediately sent the eunuch Sun Long to personally escort Liu Tai back to Beijing with his own handwritten edict, put him in prison, a hundred scepters, and exiled him as an army.
Zhang Juzheng was ostensibly making a fuss at this time, and Shangshu begged Liu Tai for help and begged the emperor to depose him as a commoner. But behind his back, he hated him deeply. Some people saw Zhang Shoufu's true thoughts, secretly fabricated accusations, falsely accused Liu Tai, and finally exiled him to Guangxi, and even his father and brother were not spared.
However, this matter was not over, Zhang Juzheng's move did not deter the opponents, but caused an uproar among his protégés. In the second year of Liu Tai's impeachment, Zhang Juzheng died of his father's illness, and it was customary for Ding to worry about filial piety for three years, but he could not go to the stack, so he asked the emperor to keep himself in the name of affection.
Many opponents impeached Zhang Juzheng on this matter, and the first people to attack him happened to be his protégés, Wu Zhongxing and Zhao Yongxian. Like Liu Tai, they were also five years of Longqing's jinshi, and the two of them were a day apart, and they impeached their teachers one day apart.
Zhang Juzheng caught fire in the backyard and became furious, and he inflicted a court staff on the two students, Wu Zhongxing was almost killed on the spot, and was dragged out of Chang'an Gate with a cloth, and Zhao Yongxian was beaten to the point that his legs and flesh were festering, and "the flesh collapsed like a palm." After this incident, the two became a model of integrity, "straight voice shocked the world", won a very high prestige. Zhang Juzheng hated them to the bone, until the ninth year of the Wanli Calendar, and also instructed him to take special care of his two students and never use them.
The court staff was executed by the Jinyi guards
In the tenth year of the Wanli Calendar, Zhang Juzheng died of illness, and dramatically, Liu Tai died in exile on the same day as him. After Zhang Juzheng's death, he was soon impeached, and the Wanli Emperor issued an edict to raid the Zhang family. The officials appointed by Zhang were either dismissed or killed, but Wu Zhongxing and Zhao Yongxian were rehabilitated one after another, ending this tortuous master-apprentice relationship.
However, the reason why Liu Tai, Wu Zhongxing, and Zhao Yongxian dared to be the first in the world and impeach their teachers was actually worried that Zhang Juzheng was acting too sloppily, making too many enemies, and worried that after the end of his political life, he would be counterattacked by political enemies and become a victim of power, so he drew a line with his teacher early.
The ancients said that "heaven and earth kings and teachers", in the world, in addition to kings and parents, the most respected is the teacher, but in the relationship between the lord and the protégé, it is also Eli intersecting, Zhang Juzheng teacher and student will inevitably end up killing each other, it can be seen that once it involves their own interests, even the intimate relationship has to give way.