Author: Old History
First, grew up in the darkest years of the late Ming Dynasty
▲No. 59 Shijia Hutong is now the site of Shijia Primary School
2. Grandfather gave up the hereditary position of Jinyi Wei Hundred Households
▲ Grandfather had high hopes for Shi Kefa
Shi Kefa's ancestor was Shi Chong, Marquis of Liyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and in the 42nd Generation of Shi Yong, this family with the surname Shi migrated from Xiangfu, Henan [present-day Kaifeng, Henan] to Daxing County, Shuntian Province, inheriting the official position of Jinyi Wei Hundred Households.
The Jinyi Guards were originally the Janissaries around the Emperor, and their original functions were only to be in charge of the Ceremonial Guard, that is, to serve in the palace to show the majesty of the Imperial Palace, to pass on the Emperor's orders, to serve as the Emperor's close bodyguard and accompany the Emperor on tour, and so on. Later, in order to further supervise and control the imperial court ministers, the emperor further improved the authority of the Jinyi guards, in addition to "directly driving the guards", but also "patrolling and arresting", which was specially used to monitor the ministers' every move, and could arrest the ministers at any time, making them the emperor's personal police. Jinyi Wei Baihu was a military attaché of Zhengliupin, with a low rank and great power. This official position is hereditary, that is, the father who is a military attaché dies, and his descendants can take his official position and enjoy his original fenglu.
His grandfather's name was Shi Yingyuan (史應元), the character Xin Yi (心一), and ren zhai (仁斋). Originally, according to the regulations, after his father's death, as the eldest son of the concubine, he should attack his father's military rank, but because he hated these jinyi guards who were vicious in their hearts, like wolves and tigers, and did not want to sit in the shadow of the ancestors, he wanted to give up this "hot and powerful" liupin military attaché of the inner court to his younger brother, and carefully practiced martial arts by himself.
However, in the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court formulated a very strict system of succession, and it was not something that individuals wanted to give up. Sun Chengze's "Records of Tianfu Guangji" records:
When a military attaché dies, the eldest son of the military attache inherits the post, and if there is a reason, the second concubine inherits the post, the eldest descendant without the second concubine, the younger son and nephew who does not have the eldest son and nephew shall inherit his office, and if there is no brother or nephew who has a wife and daughter's family, he shall give it to him with the month of the official [vol. 32].
That is to say, after the death of a military attaché of the Ming Dynasty, his position could only be inherited by the eldest son of the concubine, the eldest grandson, and if the eldest son and grandson could not be replaced for any reason, they could also be succeeded by the second son and second grandson. The "reason" mentioned here also has strict regulations, and it is not possible to give it privately according to one's own will. If a person who should be appointed to a post is ready to abandon the military force, he must be eligible to apply after he or she has been admitted to the examination. Therefore, it was not until the twenty-second year of the Wanli Calendar, after Shi Yingyuan was admitted to the Shuntian Dynasty, that the official position of Jinyi Wei Baihu was inherited by his second brother Shi Yingheng.
After Shi Yingyuanxiang won the examination, the next year, he did not sell the exam and failed to be admitted to the jinshi, and he was already more than forty years old at that time. According to the old practice, "those who are above thirty years of age or above in the lower person or the supervising student may give teachings or disciplines." That is to say, those who have not been admitted to the jinshi cannot serve as officials at or above the level of Qipinzhi County, but when they are over thirty years old, the imperial court can grant them a class of official positions such as teaching affairs and teaching in county schools, so Shi Yingyuan became the teaching of Yi County, Hebei Province in the twenty-third year of the Wanli Calendar [Yi County in the north of Baixiang County, Hebei]. The teachings and teachings are all officials who do not belong to the nine pins and below, and they are the officials in charge of Managing Confucian affairs in the county, and their duties are to "control the history of the scriptures, to ensure that the students know filial piety, to be faithful and courteous, to be honest and shameful, to be familiar with the past and the present, to understand the current affairs, and to promote the teaching and training of various disciplines, which will be effective in the future", which is equivalent to the current position of the director of the county education bureau or the chief of the section responsible for grasping ideological work. A year before Shi Kefa was born, he was reassigned to the Manchu Teachings of Baoding Province, Hebei Province, which was considered to have risen from the county to the region.
However, people cannot always only serve as officials who are not in the mainstream, as long as they have political achievements, they can still have the opportunity to move upwards. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Hongwu established a formal supervision body and a set of inspection systems for hundreds of officials. The assessment is carried out through two ways, one is called the examination full and the other is called the inspection.
Examination is the assessment of lower-level officials by the yamen at all levels, and this kind of assessment is carried out once every three years when the official completes his term of office. Among them, the assessment at the end of the three-year period is called the preliminary examination, the assessment at the end of the six-year period is called the re-examination, and the assessment at the end of the nine-year period is called the general examination. The general examination is to examine the performance of the entire nine-year tenure, and if the examination is passed, you can get promoted. Shi Kefa's grandfather later, after nine years of examination, was promoted to zhengwupin official in the 38th year of the Wanli calendar according to the principle of "three chinese in the county school teachings, and promoted to use", and served as the governor of Qinzhou. After another three years, after being inspected by the 41st year of the Wanli Dynasty, that is, in 1613 AD), he was appointed as the Governor of Huangping zhizhou in the 42nd year of the Wanli Calendar.
When Shi Yingyuan became the governor of Huangping Zhizhou, he was nearly old and nearly retired. "Tianfu Guangji": The year of the Seventy JingGuan and the Sixty-fifth Zhishi of the Foreign Official. And Huang Ping is near Zunyi, Guizhou, nearly 10,000 miles west of Beijing, and it is inconvenient to leave Gyeonggi to take up a position in a barbaric area so far away at such an old age. However, during his tenure, he was upright and unambiguous, "Qing Wei service, simple words and lawsuits, to educate first, not to punish, outside the month, there is no money in the pocket." Please return, one servant after another, Xiao Ran is like all beings, and the cloth is walking in the countryside. Later, he died in office, unable to be buried, and the people competed for money to handle his funeral. "The style of my grandfather's tenure of office naturally gave Shi Kefa the role of teaching by example, so that he could always maintain a clean, upright, and personal style in his future career as an official.
Because his grandfather had great hopes for this long-term grandson, and because he was also an old-fashioned gentleman who "did not smile in his life, and everything must be approved by the ancients", Shi Yingyuan's education of Shi Kefa was particularly strict. Through his words and deeds, Shi Kefa more or less inherited some of his grandfather's character and virtues. For example, in the book "The Biography of Chen Dingdong Lin Lie", it is introduced that when Shi Kefa was a teenager reading, he "entered the teacher Lin Gong and covered the road for the teacher. Arrive at the house, make the day move, do not dare to move. That is to say, Shi Kefa was very restrained in front of the teacher, and after sending the teacher home, he stood in front of the teacher's door, and if the teacher did not tell him to move, he did not dare to move for half a day. Although this method of discipline fosters that sun tzu is not good at words, he often "cannot speak".
Of course, Shi Yingyuan would not consciously want to cultivate his grandson into a pedantic and useless nerd, but would ask him not to pander with his tongue, to do it with his heart, to be consistent with his words and deeds, and to become a simple and honest person who was sophisticated and sophisticated, so that he could help the difficulties of the times.
In addition to the strictness of education, the poverty of life is also one of the reasons for cultivating the good qualities of Shi Kefa. The years when Shi Kefa was born were when his grandfather was teaching in Manchuria. The teachings of the county school, the moon salary was extremely meager, and his father Shi Congqing had just won the Xiucai, and there was no income outside, so the family was very poor at that time. Shi Kefa "When he was a few years old, his short clothes were without fire, and his cold nose was intertwined"; "The beijing division was bitterly cold, and he made a fire in October shuo every year, and to February Shuo, but on an extremely cold day, although the fire was not warm." In the cold days when the winter solstice in the north is strong and the hedges are blowing chestnuts, not only can not be roasted around the stove, but even the conditions for burning the fire are not available, which shows that life is extremely difficult.
Updated 10-29
Editor: Yan Jingping,"White Wave Love"