The Forbidden City in Beijing is undoubtedly one of the largest and best-preserved wooden structures in the world. Therefore, "it was once the royal palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties" has also become a fact known to women and children. But in the Forbidden City, not only the labels of "Ming" and "Qing" can be put together, but also the labels of "Yuan" and "Ming". Sometimes "Yuan" is even more suitable for partnering with "Ming" than "Qing".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1, New Beiping, built on top of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty</h1>
Before Beiping became Beiping, it was still the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and it was located with a large-scale Yuan Dynasty palace. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Xu Da and others captured Dadu, and then Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the construction of a new city wall here, and renamed the capital "Beiping Province" and handed it over to the jurisdiction of the Beiping Buzheng Division.
Under Zhu Yuanzhang's adjustment, the northern city wall of Beiping was shrunk by five miles, and the Guangxi Gate of the North Gate of the East City and the Puqing Gate of the North Gate of the West City were also banned. However, in addition to these major architectural changes, the structure of the Yuan Capital has basically been retained. The following year, when preparing to build Zhu Di's Yan Palace here, Zhu Yuanzhang also instructed that the palace be built directly on the site of the former palaces such as longfu palace and Xingsheng palace in the Yuan Dynasty.
Zhu Di, who succeeded to the throne, was more willing to spend more time on Beiping, who had been his base camp for more than ten years, than Zhu Yuanzhang. When the courtiers did not support the relocation of the capital, he negotiated with the ceremonial officials in exchange for the establishment of a shrine shrine in Peiping. Subsequently, Qiu Fu and others "spoke for" Zhu Di and won more than 2,700 zhang of the southern expansion of Beijing City. When Zhu Di decided to move the capital and build Beiping, the later Forbidden City was directly built on the old site of the Yuan Dynasty. The new imperial city is also on the east side next to the Yuan Dynasty Ouchi. Therefore, it can be said that the basic pattern of today's Forbidden City was formed by Zhu Di's construction, then it can be said that the Forbidden City was built on the cornerstone of the Yuan Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2, Inheritance of the Ming Forbidden City to the plane scale of the Yuan Palace Castle</h1>
If we abstract the flat images of the Yuan Capital Miyagi and the Forbidden City, we can get two rectangles with very similar proportions. This rectangle was obviously not drawn by the craftsmen who built the palace, after all, it was the heart of the country and the main place of activity of the emperor.
During the construction of the Yuan capital, Kublai Khan, who had always admired force, "abnormally" moved out of the I Ching, which the Central Plains believed. The width ratio of Miyagi in the Yuan Dynasty just corresponds to the Qiangua "Ninth Five-Year Plan". And this gua's words, "Flying dragon in the sky, see the lord", is naturally used to show the honor of the emperor.
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And the Forbidden City, built on the site of the Yuan Dynasty's Great Interior, also naturally inherited the ratio of nine and five. The circumference of the Yuan Dynasty Palace Castle was "Nine Miles and Thirty Steps", and the size of the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty was also very similar. To some extent, this explains why the Forbidden City was built on the site of the Yuan Dynasty but was smaller than it was: the scale of the Ming Dynasty was smaller than that of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty pursued "nine miles and thirty steps", then the absolute circumference of the Forbidden City would be smaller than that of the Yuan Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3, the same spatial location of the Yuanming Palace</h1>
In addition to the flat scale like a mold carved out, the Forbidden City of the Ming Dynasty is also highly similar in spatial position to the Yuan Dynasty Palace. The scale of the previous plan can show that the Forbidden City was newly built on the site of the yuan capital with the same construction structure as the Yuan Dadu. The specific distribution of many royal buildings in the Yuan and Ming dynasties and some data show that the spatial positions of the two are almost the same in terms of city walls, central axis, inner and outer dynasties and some other palaces.
Taking the Fengtian Hall of the Ming Dynasty as an example, its terrace is long from north to south, approaching one hundred and twenty feet according to the Ming Dynasty scale. The Great Ming Hall, the great hall of the Yuan Dynasty, is also one hundred and twenty feet in the records of the Yuan Dynasty. The length of the three great halls of the Ming Dynasty, including the Fengtian Hall, is about 2.9 meters less than that of the Yuan Dynasty Daming Hall to the Baoyun Hall. But the terrace of the Fengtian Hall was just about 2.9 meters more than the Daming Hall, which was the point where it was away from "one hundred and twenty feet". It can be seen that the most important outer dynasty main hall, the Ming Dynasty, is directly erected on the cornerstone of the Yuan Dynasty Hall.
The four corner towers of the Forbidden City Palace City Wall more bluntly announce the relationship between the Forbidden City and the Yuan Capital. The height of the corner tower of the Ming Dynasty is 86.206 Ming Dynasty construction feet, but it just reaches 85.95 yuan to create feet; the middle line of the corner tower is 45.084 Ming Dynasty construction feet, but it is exactly 44.95 yuan to create feet; the length between the corner tower curves is 27.03 Ming Dynasty construction feet, which is also 26.95 yuan to create feet; the length of the corner tower outside is 17.848 Ming Dynasty construction feet, which is also 17.795 yuan generation construction feet. According to the Ming Dynasty scale, what is the meaning of these data? It's hard to see. However, according to the scale of the Yuan Dynasty, these "Ninth Five-Year Plan" reflect the plane scale of the Qiangua "Ninth Five-Year Plan", and further highlight the status of the emperor's Ninth Five-Year Dignity.
In addition, the style of these corner towers, as well as the "I-shaped" pedestal of the three major halls of the Ming Dynasty, the style of the Qin'an Hall, the Turkish-style bath after the Yude Hall, the "Broken Soul Bridge" on the east side of the Wuying Hall, and the "South Kaoru Hall" south of the Wuying Gate, all show the typical style of the Yuan Dynasty palace.
As for the central axis that affects a city, archaeology has proved that the central axis of the Yuan Capital and the central axis of the Ming Palace city basically coincide. And this central axis is still an "old" central axis with a history. It existed when the Linshuo Palace was completed in the Sui Dynasty. Later, the Jin Dynasty also planned the palace garden of Taining Palace in this central axis. After the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the palace was built, and it was also based on it.
It can be said that in terms of more detailed spatial positions, the Ming Dynasty placed "new chess pieces" on the "old chessboard" of The Yuan Capital on a large scale. Some buildings, such as city walls and gates, are even preserved directly.
Therefore, when it comes to the Forbidden City that can be seen today, we say that it is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is beyond reproach. But when it comes to the Forbidden City of the Ming Dynasty, it is more appropriate for us to juxtapose it with the Yuan Capital Palace. After all, they have the same scale of the plane, similar spatial layout, and even direct inheritance, which is "one subject" that cannot be separated although they are in two eras. If the Forbidden City is stripped from the Yuan Capital, then we will not understand this palace city.