Hello friends! I am a fan of ancient poetry and song, and today I share with you the Han Dynasty literary scholar Jia Yi's lexicon "Hanging Qu Yuanfu".
"Hanging Qu Yuanfu" is a lexical work by the Han Dynasty literary scholar Jia Yi. In the fourth year of Emperor Wen of Han (176 BC), Jia Yi was demoted to the position of Prince Taifu of Changsha, and he crossed the Xiangshui River, and Li Quyuan exiled to the land where he passed, deeply mourning the misfortune of the poet who was loyal to his king. This endowment depicts a dark world in which good and evil are reversed, and right and wrong are confused, showing deep sympathy for Qu Yuan. The author also expresses his indignation at his innocence and demeaning, but he does not approve of Qu Yuan's martyrdom, believing that Qu Yuan's ultimate misfortune lies in his failure to "lead himself away". The author advocates "hiding from the distant world" in order to preserve himself, which is in line with the "divine virtue of the saints". The whole endowment is full of emotions and emotions, and the momentum is stirred. This fu is an important work of the literary circle of the early Han Dynasty, a lyrical work written in a riot style, and also the earliest work of the Han people, and a precedent for the Kai Han Dynasty to pursue Qu Yuan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the original endowment</h1>
(Two Han) Jia Yi
original
Yi is the Prince of Changsha, Taifu, who is not self-satisfied, and the degree of Xiangshui, for the endowment of Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan, Chu Xianchen also. Exiled by slander, he wrote "Leaving the Troubles", and his final chapter was said: "It's over! There is no one in the country, and I don't know. "So he threw himself to Miluo and died." Friendship chases the wounded, because of self-metaphor, its words are:
Gong Chengjia Hui Xi, Sin Changsha; Sideways Qu Yuan Xi, Self-Indulgence Miluo. He who made a curse and a gentleman, who was killed by the world, was killed. Woohoo! The timing is ominous. The luan phoenix is crouching, and the owl is soaring. The sages are honored and honored, and the sages are rebellious and the square is upside down. The world is said to be followed and destroyed as 溷兮, and the word "knee" is incorruptible; Mo evil is blunt, and lead knife is 銛. Calling for a sigh, being born for no reason; abandoning Zhou Ding, Bao Kang Huan Xi. Riding the cattle, trampling the donkeys; hanging their ears, and serving the salt carts. Zhang Fu recommended his performance, and gradually could not be long- and bitter, Mr. Bitterness, he was alone from this blame.
News: That's it! The country is not known to me, and who is the language of the country? The phoenix drifts its high and stubborn, and it leads itself away. Attacking the dragon of the nine abysses, diving deep to cherish oneself; the otter is hidden, and the husband is from the shrimp and the leech? The god of the noble saints is virtuous, far away from the world and hides himself; so that Qi Ji can be tied and bound, is it not a strange man and a sheep? They are especially away from this, and they are also the reason for the master. Why should you cherish this? The phoenix soared in a thousand and one thousands, and the dede glowed down; seeing the dangerous signs of the fine virtues, it had been struck away. How can he allow his husband to swallow the giant fish of a boat? The eels of the hengjiang lake will be fixed on the ants.
Calligraphy work of "Hanging Qu Yuanfu"
Translations
Jia Yi had become the prince of Changsha, and he had already left the capital because he was degraded, and he felt very unhappy; when he crossed the Xiang River by boat, he wrote a fu to hang Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a virtuous minister of the Chu state. He was framed by rumors and exiled, and wrote an article departing from "Leaving the Troubles", which ended with the words: "Forget it, there is no upright and virtuous person in the country, and no one understands me." Jia Yi I remembered the sentimental matter, using this as a metaphor for myself, the words of the article said:
Respectfully bear this wonderful favor and go to Changsha to become an official. On the way, I heard that Qu Yuan had sunk to the Miluo River and committed suicide. After arriving at this XiangJiang River, I wrote an article and threw it into the water of the river, (I) respectfully praised Mr. Qu Yuan, (you) suffered endless rumors in the world, and even destroyed your own life. alas! alas! The times are not good. The phoenix of the bird dodged the stream, but the owl soared high in the air. The eunuchs are honorable and glorious, and those who flatter the admonition with slander can gain their ambitions; the wise ministers cannot stand on their feet, but the upright people are depressed. The world thinks that Bian Sui and Bo Yi are evil, that thieves and zhuang are incorruptible, that the sword is not evil and blunt, and that the lead knife is sharp. Sighing that ambition can not be exercised, Qu Yuan, you have been in trouble for no reason! It is as if Zhou Ding had been abandoned and the tile pot had been regarded as a treasure; riding and driving a tired cow, making a crippled donkey a donkey, and letting the horse work hard to tow the salt truck; the crown of the hat was low, and the shoes were high and high; this kind of perverse behavior would not last long. Sigh sir, how unfortunate you are to have encountered such a calamity! ”
In short: forget it! No one in the whole country knows me, who can a person say to me alone who is sad and depressed? The phoenix flew to a high place, and he had planned to fly away. Imitate the dragon in the abyss, deeply lurking at the bottom of the abyss to protect itself; abandoning the otter to go into seclusion, how can you follow the toads and leeches and earthworms? What I consider precious is the divine virtue of the saints, who are to live in seclusion from the filthy world; if the Qi Ji can also be bound and bound, how can it be said to be different from the dogs and sheep? It is also your reason for the misfortune of Pan Huan in such a chaotic world. No matter where you go, you can assist the monarch, so why should you stay in the capital of the country? The phoenix soared high in the sky, and only landed when it saw the brilliance of the morality of the people; and when it saw the dangerous signs of the virtuous and despicable people, it flew far away. How can that narrow little ditch accommodate the giant fish that swallow the boat? The eels and whales that run rampant in the rivers and lakes will also be subject to ants (after they come out of the water).
Jia Yi statue
Appreciation
Jia Yi's deep condolences for Qu Yuan's suffering in fu are actually sadness about his own situation, because the two experiences have too many similarities, and he is merging the indignation in his heart with Qu Yuan's sadness and humor to express his great dissatisfaction with the unfair situation of the world's sages being frustrated and the villain winning. However, under the premise of emotional consistency, Jia Yi did not approve of Qu Yuan's action of martyrdom. He believes that despite the harsh environment, he should also live tenaciously, and although he will live in the humid Changsha and may not live long because of this, he is still unwilling to commit suicide.
The difference in jia yi and Qu Yuan's views is that they have different views on life and death. Qu Yuan cherished the Confucian idea of killing oneself and becoming a benevolent person, and if the ideal could not be realized, he would not hesitate to sacrifice his life; while Jia Yi, in addition to Having Confucianism, also had the Taoist Kuangda spirit that prevailed in the early Han Dynasty. Therefore, if we compare the works of the two men, we can find that Jia Yi is not as deep as Qu Yuan in the sense of worrying about the country and the people; in the pursuit of his own ideals, Jia Yi is not as persistent as Qu Yuan, and it seems that he is more open-minded and more thorough in the world. One day in the third year of Jia Yi's tenure as Prince Taifu of Changsha, a bird (owl) flew into his house. Changsha folk believe that the owner of the home where the owl goes will soon die. Jia Yi who lived in Changsha was already depressed, and happened to encounter this incident, and he was even more touched by the scene and felt sad, so he wrote "The Gift of the Bird", under the pretext of a question and answer with pengbird, expressed his feelings of not meeting with his talents, and used Lao Zhuang's idea of "living and dying together, waiting for misfortune" to forgive me. The "Bird Endowment" began to record the year, month and day when the bird entered the house, and the owner thought that it was strange, so he opened the book of strategies and counts for divination, and the answer was that the owner of the house would die (or go away). After divination, the master asks the bird to tell ji ji and the delay of death.
Tongda's commentary tries to seek their own spiritual liberation through this, but through these open-minded words, people can still feel that in Jia Yikuanda's spiritual world, in fact, they are still enduring deep sorrow! Fu is a representative of Han Dynasty literature and a genre developed on the basis of Chu Ci. Hanfu is roughly divided into two types, one is a direct imitation of Qu Yuan's "Leaving the Sorrows" style of the Riot Endowment, and the other is the newly created scattered body endowment of the Han Dynasty, which is developing day by day and has become the main body of Hanfu. Jia Yi's "Hanging Qu Yuanfu" in Changsha is a representative work of the Han Dynasty's early Riot Style Endowment, and it and the "Bird Fu" were both written in Changsha, so Changsha played an important role in the formation of Hanfu. Although Jia Yi was in a melancholy mood when he served as the Prince of Changsha, he did not forget his concern for national politics.
For example, in the early Han Dynasty, when the imperial court allowed the people to mint money, Jia Yi wrote a letter opposing it, believing that there were three disadvantages to the minting of money by the people: First, there would be many fake money; second, the money minted in various places would vary in weight and would be unfavorable to circulation; third, the money minted would be profitable, and if a large number of laborers were attracted to the minting money, it would affect agricultural production. Unfortunately, the comments were not adopted.
Jia Yi lived in Changsha for more than four years, and his activities and writings had a great influence on the culture of Changsha and Hunan. Successive generations of Changsha literati have been proud that Jia Yi, a cultural giant, had lived in his hometown, and many poets resigned to the posthumous people of Qu Jia. Jia Yi's former residence is in Taifuli, Taiping Street, Tianxin District, Changsha City, and originally had Jia Taifu's words, and many literati after the Han Dynasty came here to pay their respects. Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty left behind the verse "Three years of eunuchs who live late, and all eternity remains chuke sad". In the Ming Dynasty, Li Dongyang wrote the "Monument to the Ancestral Hall of Jia Taifu". There is a well on the side of the alley in front of the temple, which is large on the top and bottom, and its shape is like a pot, which is said to have been chiseled by Jia Yi, called Taifu Well or Kettle Well. Because Du Fu has a verse of "Long Huai Jia Yi Jing Still", it is also called Chang Huai Jing. In the Qing Dynasty, Jia Taifu Ancestral Hall had buildings such as the Public Security Hall, Xiaoxiang Villa, Daguan Tower, and Peiqiu Pavilion. There is still a ancestral hall in the house, and there is a statue of Jia Yimu in the house, which shows the nostalgia and remembrance of the Changsha people for this Hanfu.
As a talented "Lingyi Flying Rabbit", Jia Yi's surviving endowments are like his Hongwen Giant Theory, "staining future generations, and its ze is far away". Jia Yifu has the merit of "vibrating his skills" in the history of endowment. Both inherit the remnants of Chu Sao. It also laid the foundation for the Han Dynasty's tumultuous body endowment. Among Jia Yi's only four surviving fu, "Hanging Qu Yuan Fu" is famous for its clear words and strong lyricism. "Words are clear and reasonable", Liu Xun's evaluation of "Hanging Qu Yuanfu" is indeed a pertinent statement, which explains the reason why Jia Yi's short endowment has been admired by the hearts of literati of all generations. Jia Yi's situation is similar to Qu Yuan's, so in this endowment, the author borrows Qu Yuan's own situation and uses beautiful words to express feelings of grief and sorrow.
Qu yuan
Creative background
This "Hanging Qu Yuanfu" was composed after Jia Yi was slandered and ostracized because of the internal contradictions of the ruling class, and was demoted to the title of Prince Taifu of Changsha in 177 BC (the third year of Emperor Wen of Han). The author believes that his political encounters are similar to Qu Yuan's, so FuZhong not only laments Qu Yuan's previous misfortunes and places great sympathy on him; at the same time, he also uses Qu Yuan's bumpy life as a metaphor for himself. It is both a hanging of the past and a wound to the present.
Jia Yi's former residence
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