On the occasion of the 2021 Chongyang Festival, Luzhou Laojiao exclusively titled the "2021 Henan Satellite TV Chongyang Fantastic Tour" "Strong File" program, creating a completely different Chongyang Festival, allowing more people to appreciate the unique charm of the national intangible cultural heritage of "Luzhou Old Cellar Wine Traditional Brewing Technique".
On the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar,
It is an annual Chongyang Festival in China.
As a god of heaven and ancestors, respect for the elderly,
The festive festival of drinking and praying for life and ascending to the heights of fitness,
Chongyang Festival since ancient times
It is closely related to the Chinese poetry and wine culture.
The "Nine-Nine" Chongyang Festival originated before the pre-Qin Dynasty and is a traditional Chinese festival. The I Ching, which is "the head of the Qunjing and the source of the Great Avenue", defines "nine" as a yang number, and "nine nine" as a double yang number. Folk people regard "nine" as the largest number, and "nine nine" has a very high and large, long-term meaning. At the same time, because September is still the harvest season of crops in farming culture, people need to be grateful for the protection of the ancestors of heaven and earth, so the Chongyang Festival also has the meaning of respecting the heavens and worshiping the ancestors.
As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the traditional custom of worshipping the heavens and worshipping the ancestors began to spread widely. In september, late autumn, wet and cold have been greatly revealed, ancient people in order to strengthen the body's exercise and eat some damp and cold food to resist the wet and cold of autumn and winter, so the custom of worshipping the ancestors outside the worship of the heavens and looking far away has emerged. On the day of Chongyang Festival, ascend to the horizon, worship heaven and earth, exercise, swim with your family, and remove moisture with spicy cocoons; Calling friends and using warm liquor to resist the wind and cold.
Today, the folk activities of the Chongyang Festival are becoming more and more rich and extensive: ancestor worship, ascending to the heights, sunning autumn, ciqing, chrysanthemum appreciation, nine emperors, paper kites, peeping, eating Chongyang cakes, worshipping the sea god, feasting and praying for life, drinking chrysanthemum wine... Different times, different forms, different regions, different styles. No matter what the form and style, most of the folk activities in the Chongyang Festival are closely related to China's poetry and wine culture.
↑ Luzhou Old Cellar Natural Wine Cave - Longquan Cave
Literati and inkers of successive dynasties expressed different feelings in the poems and wine, words and wine, songs and wines of the Chongyang Festival, and the "Nine-Nine" Chongyang became the "wine and wine" Chongyang: "Under the eastern fence of picking chrysanthemums, leisurely seeing the South Mountain" Tao Yuanming added the leisure and elegance of appreciating chrysanthemums to the Chongyang Festival with the title of "Drinking · Five"; "Alone in a foreign land for strangers, every festive season to think of relatives." The Haruka brothers ascended to the heights, and there was one less person planted everywhere. "Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei's "Remembering the Shandong Brothers on september 9" added a little bit of affection to the Chongyang Festival;" The golden palms of the sky are dew into frost, and the clouds are long with the words of geese. Green cup red sleeves take advantage of the sun, human feelings like hometown. The Northern Song Dynasty poet Yan Dao's poem "Ruan Lang Gui" added an upward feeling of "there is also sorrow but no despair" for the Chongyang Festival.
In order to let Chongyang's various feelings come to a hearty swing, it is naturally indispensable to the "green cup and red sleeves" fine wine.
For thousands of years, why have people always been inseparable from poetry and wine in the historical records of Chongyang Festival? Because, this is related to the spiritual needs of people's emotional expression. Poetry is the best carrier of emotions in ancient times, and wine is the best catalyst for poets' emotions. Therefore, under the influence of fine wine, people can be liberated from heavy and single social labor and better enjoy the spiritual pleasure brought by art forms such as poetry, music, and dance.
In China, people's preference for alcohol has not stopped, especially in the Wei and Jin dynasties, which reached the point where "both men, women, and children are good at drinking". In that era when tea drinking was not yet widespread, drinking alcohol before entering the door was a necessary hospitality for the host. However, the brewing process at that time was not yet mature, and most of the wines brewed were mainly sweet liquor, and the degree was relatively low, if it was not for the measurement of the shengdou to drink a lot, it was difficult for people to reach the level of satisfaction.
Later, as people's demand for wine increased rapidly, the craftsmanship of sake was constantly perfected, and the concentration of wine continued to rise, and wine gradually became a rare commodity at that time. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's poems "Jinzhu Sake Bucket Ten Thousand" and "Xinfeng MeiJiu Bucket Ten Thousand" are enough to show the preciousness of wine. Also in Du Fu's "Eight Immortals in Drinking Song", there is also a verse that "Zuo Xiang Rixing spends ten thousand dollars" to highlight the preciousness of fine wine. Perhaps, it is precisely because of the preciousness of a bucket of wine and ten thousand dollars that He Zhizhang Golden Turtle came to invite Li Bai as wine, and Li Bai even took his own five-flowered horse and thousand gold qiu to exchange for wine money.
Among all the literati and inkers related to poetry and wine, Li Bai is definitely a unique existence, and he has a subtle interpretation of wine: "three cups through the road, one bucket and nature", interpreting the important relationship between wine and nature in the realm of non-self.
Li Bai brought the art of poetry and wine to the extreme, which made later people unattainable. It is difficult to imagine, if there is no Li Bai, what kind of gaps will appear in the Chinese poetry and wine culture, and what kind of shortcomings will there be? Perhaps, at least after a certain Chongyang Festival, there will be no "yesterday's ascension, and this dynasty's more admiration." Such a magnificent poem that has been recited throughout the ages naturally cannot inspire his "fan" Du Mu to write on the Chongyang Festival: "But the tincture will be rewarded for the festival, and there is no need to climb to hate the sunset." Such a popular sentence.
Nowadays, Chinese liquor has become one of the important symbols of the Chongyang Festival, which, together with activities such as ascending to the heights and appreciating chrysanthemums, has continuously conveyed the unique charm of the Chongyang Festival for thousands of years.
Good wine: "Good will be drunk to reward the festival"
Whether it is the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Spring Festival or Chongyang, how can a good day lack the company of fine wine, we need to use fine wine to "get drunk and reward the festival" to pay tribute to traditional culture and praise a better life. These traditional festivals, which have been passed down for thousands of years, need to be matched with the same profound thousand-year-old wines. Among them, the old cellars in Luzhou, which began in the Qin and Han Dynasties, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
↑ Luzhou old cellar production workshop
After generations of inheritance, excellence, its Shiqu steaming, storage and alcoholization process, not only opened the precedent of China's strong aromatic liquor, but also a monument to China's winemaking history and culture. "Qu is the bone of wine", the key element of liquor brewing lies in liquor qu, and Luzhou Laojiao has made no small contribution to the development of Chinese liquor in terms of steaming.
As we all know, due to the large number and variety of microorganisms in the koji, the aromatic substances are very rich, making the wine brewed through the koji aromatic and refreshing; At different times, temperatures and environments, different koji can be produced, and the wine brewed by different koji has different aromas, so there is a category of Chinese liquor aromas. As the front-end process of the wine process, koji-making also has strict requirements in terms of time: in ancient times, it was generally from the beginning of the Dragon Boat Festival to the end of Chongyang, which was called "Futian Qu". This kind of koji can make the liquor in the Chongyang season more mellow.
↑ Luzhou Old Cellar Special Qu Traditional Brewing Technique
When the emergence of distillation technology, the development of the wine koji process has a new development, which has a revolutionary breakthrough experienced by Chinese liquor in the Yuan Dynasty - through distillation technology and liquor co-brewed liquor, its degree has not only been greatly improved, but also can greatly preserve the aroma of the wine koji brewing process, so that the Chinese drinking habits have changed, and began from "big bowl to small cup".
Among all the distilled spirits, Luzhou Daqu Wine can be described as a model of cooperation between wine koji process and distillation technology. In 1324 AD, Guo Huaiyu, the father of ququ, invented ganol qu in Luzhou, and since then, the history of Chinese Daqu distilled liquor has opened a new era. At the same time, Luzhou, as the birthplace of Daqu distilled liquor, has also become a famous wine city in China. In the hundreds of years of the inheritance of Daqu distilled spirits, through the continuous improvement of skills and the improvement of the quality of wine, in 1915, at the Panama International Exposition, Luzhou Daqu Wine (the predecessor of Luzhou Laojiao Special Qu) won the gold medal in one fell swoop, becoming the earliest fragrant liquor in China to win the international gold medal.
↑ Statue of Guo Huaiyu, "Father of Music Making"
↑In 1915, Luzhou Daqu Wine (the predecessor of Luzhou Old Cellar Special Song) won the gold medal of the Panama International Exposition
In 1955, Luzhou Laojiao divided Daqu wine by quality level, and designated the quality special grade qu wine as "special qu". Since then, "Luzhou Laojiao Special Qu" has become the first liquor product in the industry under the name of "Special Qu", and in the four national wine appraisal meetings held since then, Luzhou Laojiao Special Qu has participated in the appraisal time and time again, and has become the only strong aromatic liquor that has won the title of "Chinese Famous Wine" in the National Appraisal Conference.
↑ In the 1950s, Luzhou Laojiao divided Luzhou Daqu wine into "special qu, head qu, er qu and san qu according to the quality level."
Fragrant liquor, also known as "Luxiang type" liquor, originated from Luzhou Laojiao Special Qu. From 1957 to 1958, in order to revitalize China's liquor industry, the state sent a team of experts to check and summarize the brewing technology of Luzhou Laojiao, and in 1959 compiled and published the country's first brewing craft book "Luzhou Laojiao Daqu Wine", which standardized the production process of "Luxiang-type" liquor in The country, which is also the first textbook for liquor brewing in China.
The inheritance of skills of 24 generations and the ingenuity of 697 years have made it a unique charm of today's "traditional brewing technique of Luzhou Old Cellar Wine", a national intangible cultural heritage. How to protect and inherit intangible cultural heritage? On the occasion of the 2021 Chongyang Festival, Luzhou Laojiao exclusively titled the "2021 Henan Satellite TV Chongyang Fantastic Tour" "Strong File" program, officially launched to create a completely different Chongyang Festival, leading more people to appreciate the Chongyang feast of the ancients.
Poetry wine "words" Chongyang, Baiwei "v" heartfelt intestines, Chongyang Festival drink a cup of Luzhou old cellar wine, taste a thousand years of chrysanthemum wine!
↑ Luzhou Old Cellar Exclusive Title "2021 Henan Satellite TV Chongyang Fantastic Tour"
(Xiao Bai, Zhang Yao/Wen, picture provided by Luzhou Old Cellar)