From the day of its production, wine developed with the progress of society, and by the prosperous Tang Dynasty period of Du Fu's life, both the type of wine and the production process of wine have made great progress. In the process of improving the wine-making process, wine vessels, wine ceremonies, wine names, and wine customs related to wine have been widely developed. Wine was also integrated into the lives of literati and scholars, and the poetry of the banquet was a pleasure for the lyricists. Du Fu's pen wrote about the rich and colorful wine culture of the Tang Dynasty, which provided clues for posterity to study the development of the wine industry in the Tang Dynasty and the social conditions at that time.
The wine vessels in Du Shi are relatively poor. Unlike Li Baimei, Du Fu could only use more ordinary wine vessels because of his own economic conditions and social status. Slightly better are gold cups, marigolds, jade cups, jade cups, jade cups, etc. with gold, silver and jade textures, in addition to green bottles, kiyotaru and so on. These valuable wine vessels appear less rarely in Du Shi, and mostly appear at banquets made by others, reflecting Du Fu's life situation of sending people to the fence and being poor and destitute.
The most valuable wine vessel that appears in Du's poems is the amber clock: the "amber bell in the palm of the hand". Looking at Du Fu's life, his life is closer to the life of the working people, and the wine vessels he uses have natural gourds, such as mentioning that he "combed his white hair and tihulu" in "Farewell to the Judge Liu Servant", and the neighbors of the Chengdu Caotang where he lived also used gourds as wine vessels: "The neighbors are happy with me, and the wine is sold with hulu" ("Caotang"), which shows that his living conditions are almost the same as those of ordinary working people. Du Shi also wrote about the wine vessels used by working people, such as the bottles and pots mentioned in "Drinking Beautiful and Strict Pressure by Father Tian", and the "Old Tile Basin" in the "Mo Xiao Tian Family Old Tile Basin" mentioned in the "Second Song of the Young Man's Journey", which reflected the use of living utensils by the working people in the Tang Dynasty.
There are many kinds of wines written by the poet Saint Du Fu, especially Shu wine. Sichuan's wine-making industry has a long history, and from July to August 1986, Sichuan Guanghan Sanxingdui unearthed a variety of precious cultural relics, including a large number of wine vessels. After measurement, the age of the Sanxingdui cultural site is about 2700 BC - 900 BC, equivalent to the Neolithic period to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the discovery of a large number of wine vessels, proving the development of the winemaking industry in the region. In the Tang Dynasty, the wine industry in Shudi was also very prosperous, and the Shu wine mentioned in Du Shi mainly included Tan tube wine, goose yellow wine, Chongbi, Jumichun, Shehongchun wine, and even Qingcheng Mountain Taoist milk wine.
The taste of Shu wine is strong, and Du Fu's evaluation of "Shu wine is invincible" (the second of "The Three Songs of the King of Hanzhong in the Drama Title") is clearly proof, and the function of Shu wine in dispelling sorrows and relieving worries is obviously good: "Shu wine is forbidden to be sad" ("Caotang is a matter"). The poet Du Fu's poem "The Bottle Restaurant Is Poor only old pickle" ((Guest to) ((Guest to) is embarrassed to entertain guests with "old pickle". Bai Juyi of the Middle Tang Dynasty said "Green Ant New Wine" ("Ask Liu Nineteen"), using new wine to drink, both poets valued the newly brewed wine, while the later shochu was expensive. If Du Fu's situation is impossible to drink high-grade good wine, then Bai Juyi's situation is obviously much better than that of Shi sheng, it is possible to drink high-grade good wine, but his poems are still expensive to new wine, it can be seen that the winemaking industry in the Tang Dynasty did not solve the problem of distillation, or the distillation process is not mature enough, and the Tang Dynasty wine industry can only have a greater development on the basis of the previous generation of winemaking.
In addition to Shu wine, the most mentioned in Du's poems are Pusaka's mulberry wine, Chongyang Festival's chrysanthemum wine to avoid disasters and evil, and pepper liquor drunk during the Spring Festival. Other liquors include Senri Drunkenness, Bamboo Leaf Green, and so on. No matter what kind of wine has its own brewing method and legends, the types of these wines in Du Shi provide a convenient door for people to understand the wine of the Tang Dynasty from Du Shi.
There is only one kind of liquor order mentioned in Du Shi, that is, the Kurama Order mentioned in the "Song of The Garden". Kurama Ling is a liquor order similar to the current drumming and flower passing, suitable for group play.
Du Shi also mentioned the price of wine at that time. The poems of the Sheng Tang poet Wang Wei also mentioned the price of wine, believing that "Xinfeng Meijiu Dou Ten Thousand" ("Young Xing"), Li Bai also said "Jinzhu Sake Dou Ten Thousand", Li Bai and Wang Wei said that the price of fine wine, Du Fu's status and economic conditions are far inferior to Wang Wei and Li Bai. Du Fu said in the poem, "Drink a bucket quickly, and there are exactly three hundred bronze coins", which is obviously inconsistent with the price of wine that Li Bai said. Judging from Du Fu's situation, it should be the price of turbid wine. After the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, many areas doumi thousands of dollars, it can be seen that the "three hundred bronze coins" must be the price of turbid wine, which Du Fu often drank.
Ancient Chinese wine, based on brewing raw materials, can be divided into three types, namely grain wine, fruit wine and milk wine. The only milk wine mentioned in Du's poem is "Xie Yanzhongcheng Sends a Bottle of Qingcheng Mountain Daoist Milk Wine", which was given to him by Yan Wu and is quite precious. Du Shi also said that this wine "smells strong and fragrant", which shows its preciousness.
In the Tang Dynasty, water wine was divided into two categories: sake and turbid wine, turbid wine is unfiltered wine, and there are lees floating on it. Most of Du Fu's drinks were poor turbid wines in water wine:
The mash will be in the eyes, and the drunken embrace will be in the arms. ("Rain Over Su Duan")
Turbid mash from the first ripening, Dongcheng more drummer. (Pan Creek)
The cause is only turbid mash, but the camp is grass hut. (The Guest House)
The moss and turbid wine forest are quiet, and the blue water and spring breeze are dusk in the wild. ("Nine Songs of Absolute Sentences" Part VI)
Sometimes he was even poor enough to even be unable to afford to buy turbid wine, and "street wine prices are often bitter" is his most common living condition; sometimes he had to borrow wine from his neighbors: "Call the West family next to the house, and ask if there is wine" ("Summer Li Gongjian Visit")," and liquor on credit and wine debts are commonplace: "Wine debts are common everywhere" (Qujiang Ershou, part II). "Shu liquor is forbidden, there is no money where to credit" ("Caotang is the Matter"), if there is no money as a solid backing, even turbid wine has nowhere to be credited. Although Du Fu came from a family of Confucian officials, his life was closer to that of a commoner, and after the Anshi Rebellion, the social economy was greatly damaged, and the poet's situation became more and more difficult, and it was also worth comforting to be able to drink turbid wine.
Source: China Liquor Industry Association