On May 18, 1929, Song Qingling finally returned to Beijing after passing through the boat and car. After she got out of the car, she immediately ran to Sun Yat-sen's coffin parking place, the Biyun Temple in Xishan.
Just after seeing Sun Yat-sen's remains, Soong Ching Ling's hands kept shaking, and a series of tears flowed silently from her sad face.
After calming down, she began to discuss the details of Sun Yat-sen's funeral with Sun Ke and Commissioner Yinglan...
(Sun Yat-sen's remains)
Sun Yat-sen had already passed away 4 years ago, so why did he only discuss the funeral until now? What's the secret here?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > First, sun Yat-sen died, the whole country mourned</h1>
On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen passed away forever accompanied by Soong Ching-ling. When Sun Yat-sen was alive, he once said: "I hope that my body will be preserved forever like Lenin, for the world to see, but also to warn future generations." ”
Therefore, in order to comply with Sun Yat-sen's last wishes, the Kuomintang planned to preserve the remains of His Husband.
But considering that as the temperature gradually rises, if Sun Yat-sen's body is not treated in any way, it will soon appear to decay.
In order to avoid unforeseen problems with the body, the day after Mr. Zhongshan's death, Peking Union Medical College Hospital was tasked with embalming Sun Yat-sen's body. Therefore, the doctors who received the task first removed their internal organs, made specimens, and then injected antiseptic fluid into the body, and in this way, the first embalming of Sun Yat-sen's body was completed.
The next step is to consider the material of the coffin. In fact, Sun Yat-sen had a premonition of his own death, so he customized a crystal coffin from the Soviet Union in early March.
It was only due to the limited transportation technology at that time that the coffin was damaged in the middle. Seeing that it could not be used, the Kuomintang immediately sent people to the Soviet Union to re-customize.
On March 14, the crystal coffin was transported to Beijing in its entirety. As a result, experts look at it, this kind of coffin is not suitable for placing the remains at all, on the one hand, its coffin wall is too thin, and the material is metal, which is very easy to conduct heat.
On the other hand, the size was not suitable, and eventually the coffin was abandoned. In desperation, the Kuomintang could only think of another way, and finally customized an American glass nan wood coffin that could meet all the conditions at the same time. In this way, the coffin thing was finally settled.
The Kuomintang then announced Sun Yat-sen's death. On the afternoon of March 13, the Kuomintang issued an order: all party members should wear black veils, and during the period of condolence, they should not participate in entertainment activities, and if they violated them, they should be dealt with according to military law.
A day later, ambassadors to China went to Union Hospital to offer condolences. At the same time, Duan Ruiqi held a meeting to approve Sun Yat-sen's state funeral proposal, and let the finance issue a funeral fee of 100,000 yuan.
On March 15, every Chinese was shrouded in deep grief, and a large number of people came to the Union Hospital to mourn. Perhaps many people still do not want to believe it at this time, but in fact, a "superstar" has indeed fallen.
A week after Mr. Nakayama's death, the Kuomintang placed him in an American-style glass nanmu coffin and prepared to move it to the Chuo Saji Main Hall.
At that time, tens of thousands of people were in silence, their ears were filled with the sound of sad sobs, and the coffin slowly passed in front of their eyes, and the people silently raised their heads and looked at Sun Yat-sen's body, wanting to see him one last time.
Three days later, Chiang Kai-shek stood in front of the Whampoa Military Academy and solemnly announced the news of Sun Yat-sen's death to many generals and read the memorial text.
Between March 24 and April 1, the crowds of condolences continue to flow. Among them, from the eunuchs to the ordinary people, as many as 740,000 people, more than 7,000 wreaths, and 59,000 pairs of links, including Li Dazhao, Deng Yingchao and others.
Each of them held a chrysanthemum in his hand, solemnly placed it in front of Sun Yat-sen's coffin, bowed deeply, and made a final farewell to this great man.
So, according to the custom of returning the fallen leaves to the roots, will Mr. Zhongshan be buried in Guangdong?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" >2. Build a mausoleum and return the soul to its hometown</h1>
On April 2, 1925, the Kuomintang prepared to transfer Sun Yat-sen's body to the Biyun Temple in Xishan, Haidian District, Beijing.
(Nishiyama Biyun Temple)
However, even though he had died, Mr. Zhongshan, who was temporarily stored in the Biyun Temple of Xishan, still did not get a moment of peace.
Due to Zhang Zuolin's invasion of Beijing, frequent wars broke out, and Sun Yat-sen's body was almost damaged, but thanks to Du Yuming and others, they formed a guard squad and quickly transferred it to the cave to avoid the chaos of war.
So why didn't Sun Yat-sen's body immediately bury it?
First of all, because Sun Yat-sen's death was too sudden, the Kuomintang was not prepared, and even the location of the mausoleum was not well thought out.
It is said that when a giant star falls, it should fall to the root. However, the Kuomintang remembered that in the early years, when Sun Yat-sen was hunting in the Purple Mountain, he said: "After I die one day, I am willing to beg the people of the country for this piece of soil to settle the shell." ”
Therefore, after deliberation, the people decided to choose Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum on the Purple Mountain in Nanjing.
However, it was unrealistic to want to start construction of the mausoleum immediately, because Nanjing was still under the control of the warlord Sun Chuanfang. Finally, many obstacles were overcome, and it was not until 1926 that the problem of the tomb was solved.
As soon as the problem of the land was solved, the Kuomintang began to discuss the design of the mausoleum, and finally adopted the design of the American engineer Lu Yanzhi after many selections.
(Sun Yat-sen coffin)
In 1929, with the joint efforts of compatriots at home and abroad, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was painstakingly completed. The whole of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a bell shape, divided into north and south. In the north are the burial chambers, mausoleum gates, monument pavilions, etc., and in the south are the archways and tombs. Among them, the burial chamber where the remains of Sun Yat-sen are stored is about 16 meters long and about 10 meters wide.
So, after the construction of the mausoleum has been completed, can Sun Yat-sen enter the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum as he wishes?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" > third, the wife is sad, remembering the deceased</h1>
After the completion of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the Nationalist government wanted to transport Sun Yat-sen's body back to Nanjing as soon as possible.
In the end, the Nationalist government agreed to set the date of Sun Yat-sen's funeral on June 1, 1929, and called it the "Feng'an Ceremony". To this end, the Nationalist Government also set up a "Feng'an Committee" with the main members sun ke, Chiang Kai-shek, Hu Hanmin, and others.
Although the Feng'an Grand Ceremony was being prepared in an orderly manner, in fact, behind this seemingly beautiful grand ceremony was an undercurrent.
It turned out that the reason why Chiang Kai-shek planned this grand ceremony so diligently was that his real intention was to win people's hearts and minds.
He knew that this time at the Feng'an Ceremony, Song Qingling would definitely come back. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to use this ceremony to "win" over Soong Ching-ling. On the one hand, he took advantage of Soong Ching Ling's reputation to consolidate his position in the Kuomintang.
On the other hand, the Kuomintang knows the contradiction between Soong Ching-ling and Chiang Kai-shek, and if they take the initiative to win them over, they can also show their generosity. Therefore, in order to stick a cold ass with a hot face, Chiang Kai-shek can be described as painstaking!
But all preparation was in vain. It turned out that Song Qingling, who was far away in Germany, had already seen through his tricks, so he publicly issued a "Statement on Not Participating in any work of the Kuomintang" in advance:
"In order to avoid any possible misunderstanding, I solemnly reiterate that I will abide by the statement I made in Hankou in 1927 that, in view of the counter-revolutionary policies and actions of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, I declare that I will no longer participate in the work of the Kuomintang. My attendance at the funeral in no way implies, nor can it be construed as any change or alteration to my previous decision. ”
As soon as this statement came out, the first to feel displeased was the Song family. Because they are in Vanity Fair, they are afraid that Song Qingling's words and deeds will provoke the anger of the government and then damage their own interests. Therefore, taking the opportunity to greet Song Qingling, they euphemistically expressed what they thought was a "kind reminder".
However, for this kind of reminder, even from his closest relatives, Song Qingling did not appreciate it. On the contrary, he resolutely said: "It is the Song family that exists for China, not China that exists for the Song family." As soon as these words came out, the people who were so shocked that they still wanted to open their mouths to persuade silently closed their mouths.
(Song Qingling)
Song Qingling has been wandering outside for so many years and has looked down on all kinds of things in the world, especially people's hearts. Therefore, in the face of the "olive branch" thrown by Chiang Kai-shek at the opportunity to return to China this time, Soong Ching Ling chose to ignore it.
She understood that this time she returned to Beijing only to participate in Sun Yat-sen's Feng'an Ceremony to pin her years of mourning.
With this in mind, on May 18, 1929, after Getting off the train, Soong Ching-ling ignored the welcome ceremony organized by Chiang Kai-shek and rushed directly to the Biyun Temple in Xishan with great sorrow.
As he got closer and closer to Mr. Zhongshan, Soong Ching-ling's footsteps became heavier and heavier, and his breathing became more and more urgent, and finally under the support of Song Ziwen, he walked to the front of Sun Yat-sen's spiritual hall.
The moment Song Qingling stepped into the Spirit Hall, her tears burst out of her eyes. It was as if every tear was telling the wife's nostalgia for her husband. Step by step, he walked towards Sun Yat-sen's coffin, and finally because of his grief, he could not sustain himself, and his body stumbled and fell to the ground.
Song Ziwen hurriedly stepped forward to help him up, at this time Song Qingling's mood slowly calmed down, letting the guards on both sides lift the flag, she wanted to see her husband's remains.
When Song Qingling approached the coffin, she finally saw her husband who had been thinking about it day and night, and the last line of defense in her heart was finally lost, and tears burst out of the embankment, and large stones fell on the coffin lid. In the face of this situation, everyone present was moved.
After that, Song Qingling would come to the Biyun Temple in Xishan every day to discuss the specific details of the Feng'an Ceremony with Sun Ke and others.
At 8:20 a.m. on May 22, after the decision of Soong Ching Ling and the Kuomintang and others, Sun Yat-sen's coffin was changed to a copper coffin, and at 9:30 p.m., Sun Ke took American doctors to conduct a second embalming of Sun Yat-sen's body.
At about 10 o'clock, Song Qingling stood outside the door wearing a blue cheongsam and paced back and forth, watching the doctor come out of the room, Song Qingling pushed the door in, only to hear the heart-rending cry, tugging at the heartstrings of everyone outside the house.
At 1 o'clock on the 26th, all preparations were ready, and Sun Yat-sen officially began to rise. Immediately, 101 cannon shots rang out in front of Tiananmen Square.
Immediately afterward, 24 barmen dressed in black robes lifted Sun Yat-sen's coffin, followed by Soong Ching Ling and Sun Ke.
The chairman of the Hebei provincial government led cavalry to open the way for Sun Yat-sen's coffin, followed by a Kuomintang team, and thousands of children were hired to hold lamps for him, and the sky in Beijing was illuminated red by tens of thousands of lights, and the mighty procession headed towards Qianmen Station.
(Shouldering coffin)
Wherever Sun Yat-sen's coffin went, no one was sad and sad, and 300,000 people were bidding farewell to this great man.
(Sun Yat-sen's portrait passed through the crowd)
At 2:30 p.m., Sun Yat-sen's coffin was carried into the 5th carriage of the train, which was carpeted and flanked by party emblems, and soldiers in white neat military uniforms stood straight on the side of the train.
At exactly 5:00 p.m., Tiananmen Gate fired cannons on time, and it was 101 shots again, and as the train started, Sun Yat-sen's body left Beijing and headed towards Nanjing...
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="30" >5</h1>
The train headed in the direction of Pukou, and Song Qingling's eyes were filled with tears, and she said softly to herself, "We are leaving." ”
At about 10:00 a.m. on May 28, amid the sound of 101 cannons in Lion Rock, the train carrying Sun Yat-sen's coffin successfully arrived at Pukou in Nanjing. Later, according to the plan, Sun Yat-sen's coffin was moved to the auditorium of the Kuomintang Central Committee.
(Auditorium of the Party Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee)
After the death of Sun Yat-sen, the power of the Kuomintang fell into the hands of Chiang Kai-shek. At this time, facing mr. Zhongshan's coffin, Chiang Kai-shek served as the chief priest.
At this perfect opportunity to win over Soong Ching-ling, Chiang Kai-shek deliberately brought all of Soong Ching-ling's family, on the one hand, to comfort Soong Ching-ling's heavy heart, and on the other hand, to provide an opportunity for himself to offer his courtesy to Soong Ching-ling.
However, Soong Ching-ling, who had already seen through Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy, always maintained an indifferent attitude toward Chiang Kai-shek, and no matter what he did, it was in vain.
Song Meiling and Song Xialing accompanied Song Qingling to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and stayed in the villa of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum that night.
After the party sacrifice, Song Qingling also completed the family sacrifice ceremony. After that, everyone made a final farewell to the body of Sun Yat-sen. And Song Qingling carefully looked at her husband's remains, trying to engrave him deeply in her heart at this time.
On June 1, the Feng'an Ceremony officially began, and Soong Ching-ling went to participate with other Kuomintang officials. At 6 a.m., the salute of Lion Rock sounded again.
After the ceremony, everyone was quietly waiting for the coffin to appear. At about 9:45, the shoulder bearer was ready to carry the coffin upwards, and Song Qingling followed behind, wanting to accompany her husband on this last journey.
From the moment her left foot landed heavily on the first stone step, she meditated in her heart: "1, 2, 3...!" She was going to count silently as she walked.
Until the last stone step, Song Qingling said in his mouth: "392!" She was so sad, so sad, tears poured out like a broken embankment, the corners of her mouth were shaking constantly, 392 steps, what an important number, this is the 392 million Chinese that Sun Yat-sen had in mind!
At about 10:15, the Feng'an Ceremony ended. After that, only the family and a few people were allowed to enter the burial chamber for the final farewell.
After Song Qingling and others came out, the burial work was officially completed. Song Qingling and his family closed the tomb door. At this time, Song Qingling touched the tomb door and choked: "Your wish to bury the Purple Mountain is finally over." ”
In September 1929, not long after the funeral ceremony of Mr. Nakayama was completed, Song Qingling boarded a cruise ship and left the land that made her sad again.
epilogue:
Soong Ching Ling and Sun Yat-sen met in the revolution, knew each other and fell in love with each other. The revolution was the common cause of the couple, although after the death of Mr. Zhongshan, the Kuomintang, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, went against its original intention. But Soong Ching-ling, who was bent on revolution, never made any compromises with the tainted Kuomintang. This may also be her longest confession to the late Mr. Nakayama!