In March 1931, it was the beginning of spring, but the vast northeast land of the motherland was full of wind and fury, wild sand, and everywhere was shrouded in a desolate depression. At this time, on the eve of the September 18 incident, the aggressive ambitions of Japanese imperialism were clearly revealed.
At this time, at the Siping Street (Siping City) railway station, a weak scholar in his early 30s stepped down from the train from the south, and he was slightly thin and tall, wearing glasses. Although the journey was bumpy, the young man's eyes revealed not exhaustion, but worry, resentment and even sadness. This person was Wang Tongzhao, a writer and poet who was already well-known in China at that time. A few days ago, this reporter visited Jun Chengjun, a research librarian at the City's Cultural Heritage Protection Center, about Wang Tongzhao and his years of living and fighting in Siping City.
The heart is related to the country and the world
Wang Tongzhao, character sword three. He was born in 1897 to a landlord family in Xiangzhou Village, Xiangzhou Town, Zhucheng, Shandong Province. He was bright from an early age and entered the family school at the age of 6. He lost his father at the age of 7. Under the careful cultivation of his mother, he immersed himself in reading the Four Books and the Five Classics. At the age of 12, he began to contact new textbooks such as "New Body Geography", "History Textbook", "Pen Math" and so on. Later, he was admitted to the county high school. In 1913, Wang Tongzhao was admitted to Shandong Provincial No. 1 Middle School, during which time he began to write literature, completed his first novel "Traces of Sword and Flower", and published the literary novel "New Life". In 1916, in order to commemorate the first anniversary of the opposition to the imperial system and the re-creation of the republic, he wrote the drama "Yunnan Uprising", playing himself as General Cai Yi. In 1918, Wang Tongzhao was admitted to the Department of English Literature at the China University in Beijing. During his studies in Beijing, Wang Tongzhao came into contact with more outstanding democrats and received more advanced cultural ideas. During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, he participated in the demonstration of the burning of zhao jialou. In the winter of 1920, together with Guo Shaoyu, Zheng Zhenduo, Geng Jizhi and 12 other people, he initiated the organization of a literary research society. In January 1921, he participated in the establishment of the Literary Research Association, edited magazines such as Dawn and Morning Light, and edited the Literary Magazine of Morning Post. In July 1922, he graduated from university and stayed on to teach. In October of the same year, he published his first novel, Yiye, and became a professor at a Chinese university in 1924, moving to Qingdao two years later. At that time, Wang Tongzhao was already a well-known writer and poet in the Chinese literary world. He also had a good reputation in literary studies, he had academic qualifications, status, talent, and economic wealth, and he could live his free and relaxed high-society life in the French Concession of Qingdao, but Wang Tongzhao, who was concerned about his home and the world, had insight into the corruption of the old system and the ambitions of the imperialist invaders, and resolutely left Qingdao to go north.
Former residence of Wang Tongzhao
Witness the shattering of mountains and rivers
In March 1931, Wang Tongzhao was invited by song Jie, an old classmate and then the principal of the Northeast First Traffic Middle School in Siping Street, to teach in Siping. At that time, Siping was superficially calm and calm, but in fact, the Japanese aggressors had been actively creating all kinds of troubles and incidents and creating excuses for aggressive wars. At this time, Siping, which should have been the spring back to the earth and the recovery of all things, was actually "the mountain rain is about to come and the wind is full of buildings", and a bloody storm is in front of you. And all this has long been clearly realized by Wang Tongzhao, who is extremely sensitive in his thinking. On the train from Qingdao to Siping, he was interrogated by the Japanese for no reason, walking on his own land, but he was closely followed and rudely interrogated by foreigners, and Wang Tongzhao felt humiliated. Especially when the train passed through Shenyang and had not yet entered Siping Station, Wang Tongzhao keenly observed that the Japanese soldiers were assembling for training and preparing for the attack on Shenyang. This scene made Wang Tongzhao, who had bumped all the way, very sad, looking out of the window, the northeast land was shrouded in the shadow of the iron hooves of the Japanese army everywhere, and he was heartbroken, and he struggled to write four poems of "Northern Kingdom". Among them, "the wind everywhere overturns the red sun flag, and the remnants of the mountains and waters are faintly recognized." Three thousand miles of strange words, how can he know his age? Just a few words showed the irrepressible resentment and injustice in Wang Tongzhao's heart.
Originally, he went to Siping to give a lecture with full enthusiasm. The speeding trains on the road, the reckless forests of the northeast land, the white snow, the wide rivers, and the endless black land really give people a magnificent feeling of magnificent mountains and rivers and rich products. However, along the way, he witnessed the traces of war left by Japan and Russia competing with each other in northeast China, and his heart was even more indignant. The scene in front of him and the voice in his ear all made Wang Tongzhao's young heart extremely anxious. So he sighed, "How can you know his old age?" Seeing that the Japanese Kou looked at the Northeast tiger, the claws of the devil stretched out more and more, looking back at the history of the previous Japanese-Russian struggle here, the poet was sad and sad for the mother of the motherland who was wounded all over the body. He clearly realized that the danger of the subjugation of the country was close at hand, and where would he have to wait until his old age? And this is exactly the case, in September of that year, the Japanese invading army attacked Shenyang, shocking China and foreign countries and the "September 18" incident occurred, and the northeast fell.
Jun Chengjun told reporters that during the days of Siping, Wang Tongzhao, in addition to giving students Chinese language lessons in class, traveled to various parts of the northeast to investigate. For nearly three months, he went north from Siping to Changchun, Harbin, Daxing'anling and other places, not to travel through the White Mountains and Black Water to cultivate his temperament, nor to investigate the local customs and accumulate creative materials, but to investigate and understand the actual situation of the Japanese occupation of the three eastern provinces and to wake up his own people. He wrote along the way, writing a collection of more than 60,000 words of prose, "Spring of the Northern Kingdom", and a large number of poems reflecting the harsh reality of Siping and Northeast China.
"De-millet fresh steamed red bean fragrance, green parsley beef soup for the first taste." Vegetable roots have their own true taste, and they do not distinguish between hometown and foreign land. "And" crossed the street for the first time, and the clothes wandered in the hands. It is difficult to make up for the ashes of the mountains and rivers every year. These two poems are what Wang Tongzhao saw and felt when he lived in Siping Street, and they are also two of the old style poems "Northeast Miscellaneous Poems" that he made during his stay in Siping Street. It was created in April 1931 and published in the edition of Wen Wei Po And Century Wind on October 4, 1938. Wang Tongzhao wrote this passage in the middle of this group of old-style poems: "Thirty-three miscellaneous poems in the right and northeast are all written in the lonely wandering. The old style poems have ready-made rules, solve a series of stems, try to save energy, record them in pamphlets, fortunately not lost, occasionally examined, if you dream before traveling, the poems are not good, and there are still claws. Shame on the bravery of the pen, reaching the majesty of the mountains and rivers and the strange ears of the wind and things! Seven years apart, the northeast has become a 'forbidden land' for others, and I don't know when I will revisit the trail, and the beacon will stay away, especially the nostalgia! After the autumn night was re-recorded, he threw his pen out to look at the sky and half-star light. These two poems write about Wang Tongzhao's visit to siping friends' homes and the scenes he saw on Siping Street, respectively. The local folklore of Siping written by the former, the fresh and simple aesthetic temperament comes to the face. Here, the poet Wang Tongzhao not only experienced the local taste of vegetable roots, but also enjoyed the "indifferent and thick simple and affectionate feelings" of Siping friends. The latter poet used white painting techniques to depict the life of poor women in siping street, a small northeastern city in the early 30s. Cross Street was the most prosperous place in Siping Street at that time, with shops and pedestrians, and women who were forced to the end of the road by poverty and hunger could not be shy, and showed their faces in front of people, using their own needles and threads to sew clothes for those poor laborers. And in the last sentence of the poem, "It is difficult to repair the ashes of the mountains and rivers", it is the poet's sigh from the bottom of his heart, a worn-out dress can be repaired with needle and thread, the northeast mountains and rivers were burned by the cannon fire of the Japanese Kou, the mountains and rivers were broken, but it was difficult to remedy ah. Here, he exudes a strong sense of anxiety and sadness, strongly expressing the author's anxiety about the tragic fate of the poor woman and his concern about the loss of the land.
Blow the call to salvation
People who are familiar with Wang Tongzhao probably remember his "Journey": "Shocking northeast events, who repeats the business." Iron rides three counties, and the wheel crushes a hundred cities. Mountains and rivers are empty and dangerous, and long mu are cultivated in the spring. Everywhere you hear people's words, Shenyang is attacking falsely. The poem was written in May 1931 by Wang Tongzhao on his way out of Siping. On this trip to the northeast, we saw a large number of facts about the Japanese Kou's encroachment on the northeast by eating whales, and although Wang Tongzhao was a weak scholar, his eyes were sharp and his thoughts were profound. Sharp questions were raised about the enemy's long drive to do wrong, but the chinese people were indifferent and did not resist at all. At the end of the poem, Wang Tongzhao pointedly pointed out the depth of the Japanese invasion of the northeast and the danger of national subjugation. This was Wang Tongzhao's wake-up call to the impending "9/18 ▪" incident on his way back to his hometown.
In Siping, in the northeast, in 1931, when there were internal and external troubles, Wang Tongzhao expressed his heart through literary works and issued a cry of vigilance against Japanese aggression. He used his pen as a knife and gun to blow the clarion call to arouse the people.
Wang Tongzhao lived and worked in Siping for nearly three months, and in this short period of time, he vigorously promoted new culture and patriotic ideas to the young students of Siping in the classroom as a Chinese language teacher, and enlightened students with progressive ideological education. In his Chinese language class, he talked about the novels of Lu Xun and Ye Shengtao and the prose of Zhu Ziqing, hoping to cultivate the students' morality through literature and publicize new ideas and culture. In particular, it is worth mentioning that he used a large number of poems and other works he created to encourage and inspire the siping youth to think about the fate of the country, infect and inspire them to seek the truth and seek a new way to save the country and the people. His student Xu Enyuan once recalled: "When Mr. Xu gave us lectures, he often propagated the idea of patriotism, and at that time we thought he was an underground party sent down by his superiors!" ”
In April 1931, a month before Wang Tongzhao left Siping to return to Qingdao, the first high school class students of Siping Northeast First Traffic Middle School were about to graduate, and the school prepared a "Commemorative Book of The First Grade Graduation of the Railway Management Department of Northeast First Traffic Middle School", and teachers and students unanimously invited Wang Tongzhao to write an article to commemorate it. He resigned, writing a preface to the commemorative book. In the preface, he exhorts his students to continue to study useful knowledge at any time in the spirit of youth, down-to-earth, and at any time after graduation." With continuous efforts, unite everyone and do a very ordinary cause. He also warned the students in a serious tone: "Everyone knows the relationship between transportation and the state, and all the revitalization of industry and commerce and the improvement of the people's intelligence depend on this." It is extremely obvious that the power of transportation in the great China is all in the hands of outsiders, not only in the northeast, but also in the weak and weak of the country. This does not need to be said much, but I hope that Zhujun will be engaged in this, and in the future, he will not only be able to do transportation technology talents, but also further seek the development of China's transportation industry. In such an environment where Japanese gendarmes are infested at any time and the conditions are very harsh, it is very rare and precious that Wang Tongzhao dared to write an article directly expressing his patriotic ideas of opposing foreign aggression. Although the "September 18" incident broke out three months after he left Siping Street, and the Northeast First Railway Middle School was forced to stop, Wang Tongzhao's advice to the students was extremely influential.
【Expert Profile】
Jun Chengjun, male, Manchu, born in June 1965, Tonghua County, Jilin Province, is currently a research librarian of Siping Cultural Heritage Protection Center, a standing director of the Jilin Provincial Archaeological Society, and a member of the Jilin Provincial Cultural Relics Appraisal Expert Committee. He has successively participated in the writing of the archaeological excavation report "Investigation and Trial Excavation of Cultural Relics Mainly in the Bronze Age on the Right Bank of the Later Taiping-Dongliao River", "Excavation Report of the Ancient City Site of Erlonghu Lake", edited the "Investigation and Research of the Siping Section of the Middle East Railway Branch Line", "Archaeological Investigation and Research on the Pre-Qin Remains of the Yehe River Basin" and other books, and published nearly 100 theoretical research and cultural relics popularization articles in journals such as "Archaeology", "Northeast History", "Manchu Studies" and other journals.
Produced by Jilin Daily
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Author: Jilin Daily all-media reporter Bi Weilin Li Xuan Correspondent Yuan Guixian
Editor: Yu Yue