Qingdao Daily, November 23, 2020, 9th edition
Bihai Chaosheng is the hometown - Qingdao 100 stories serial
Part VI: Literati Scholars
86
Wang Tongzhao: A literary pioneer on the Wanghai Platform
Among the many Literati of the Republic of China living in Qingdao, Wang Tongzhao put the focus of his life experience and literary experience in Qingdao; since settling in Guanhai ErLu in 1927, Wang Tongzhao's home has quickly become the core of modern literature in Qingdao. In the days when he settled in Qingdao, he completed the novel masterpiece "Mountain Rain", the famous essay "Qingdao Sketch", the poetry collection "This Era", and the novels "The Words of the Palanquin - Laoshan Daozhong", "After the Sea Bath", "Shipwreck" and other works; as a pioneer of modern literature in Qingdao, his living room was not only a place where newcomers in the literary circles such as Du Yu, Yu Heiding, Wu Boxi, and Zang Kejia gathered, but also received literary masters such as Lao She, Hong Shen, and Wen Yiduo. As the core scene of modern literature in Qingdao, No. 49 Guanhai 2nd Road gave birth to a number of representative literary publications such as "Qingchao", and was also a big stage for the golden age of Qingdao culture in the 1920s and 1930s.
■ Statue of Wang Tongzhao in the Hundred Flowers Garden.
In 1927, Wang Tongzhao, who was in the first year of the establishment, returned to Shandong from Beijing to deal with his mother's affairs and officially settled in Qingdao. Born in 1897, Wang Tongzhao was born in Zhucheng from a famous and prestigious family, and as the son of May Fourth, he attracted much attention in the literary world with his vernacular novel creation, and together with Zheng Zhenduo, Mao Dun and others, he launched one of the earliest and most influential literary societies in the New Literary Movement, the "Literary Research Society". Before settling in Qingdao, he was already the editor-in-chief of the Morning Post and Literature Magazine, and also published one of the earliest novellas in the history of modern Chinese literature, Yiye. The house on Guanhai Second Road was personally constructed by Wang Tongzhao, and he also specially built a small platform "WanghaiTai" outside the study "Wanghai Tower", and went on stage with friends to look at the sea and talk about literature; according to the scholar Liu Zengren described in the "Biography of Wang Tongzhao": In 1927, at No. 49 Guanhai Second Road, there were two wall pillars made of rough white stone at the door, and the entrance door was a high and steep stone staircase, with red lacquered wooden handrails on both sides. Walk up the stone steps and on the right are three spacious guest rooms. Across the courtyard like a fish's ridge are a series of bedrooms, including the bedrooms of Wang Tongzhao and his wife, the bedrooms of the children, the bedrooms of the servants... Zang Kejia, who was studying in Qingdao at that time, recalled: "When I was studying at (National) Qingdao University, I went to his Guanhai Erlu apartment from time to time. As soon as I arrived, the old co-worker went upstairs to report it, and for a moment saw the master holding on to the steep railing and leaping down like a slide. ”
■ Wang Tongzhao's old residence at No. 49 Guanhai 2nd Road.
Wang Tongzhao's work also reached its peak during the Qingdao period, when Japanese imperialism still retained great influence militarily and economically. Wang Tongzhao's literary creations profoundly reflect social reality, his novel "After the Sea Bath" recounts the story of Japanese sailors kidnapping Chinese police, and his "Shipwreck" is set against the backdrop of the shipwreck of the Japanese passenger ship "Shintoku Maru" in Qingdao, which caused hundreds of deaths, and the people at the bottom of the novel issued a lament that "foreign ships really see Chinese are cheaper than dogs". Published in 1933, the novel "Mountain Rain" is Wang Tongzhao's masterpiece, which describes the living conditions and enlightenment process of bankrupt peasants after entering the city. "Mountain Rain" contains the meaning of "mountain rain is coming to the wind and full of buildings", and the "T City" in the novel refers to Qingdao. "Mountain Rain" was published at the same time as "Midnight", and Mao Dun wrote that "Mountain Rain" is "a new work that should attract people's attention in the current literary world". Critic Tian Zhongji pointed out that "Mountain Rain" is "one of the more solid realist novel masterpieces in modern Chinese literature".
Wang Tongzhao has a short story, "Spring Rainy Night", which is about "I"'s encounter with a pair of teenage sisters on the way back to my hometown. According to Wang Tongzhao's third son and professor at China Agricultural University, Wang Licheng, "The motivation of his father Wang Tongzhao in writing "Spring Rainy Night" was to recall his first love in his life. This is not speculation, but based on his handwritten account of the 1921 posthumous manuscript "Diary of the Decade of the Republic of China". Wang Tongzhao, who studied at a Chinese university from February 12 to June 18, 1921, wrote three large diaries, totaling more than 70,000 words. Later, the 3 diaries and the embroidered handkerchief with tear marks on one side were sealed in the small leather suitcase he carried with him.
The secret was finally discovered after Wang Tongzhao's death in 1957. His son Wang Licheng said: "When I was sorting out his relics, I found this diary that had been hidden all his life and never showed anyone, and the paper was yellow and crisp."
Since then, these diaries have undergone several twists and turns. First, it was collected as a souvenir by Wang Tongzhao's former residence in Qingdao. Unfortunately, it was lost during the Cultural Revolution. In 1978, the Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Culture and the Literary Association collected some of Wang Tongzhao's relics from the waste paper pile, and the diary was lost and recovered.
Wang Licheng immediately rushed to Qingdao, took the diary back to Beijing, and made a copy of it so as not to lose it again. After a long period of deliberation, Wang Licheng and his brother Wang Jicheng (a former vice president of Shandong University of Technology) decided to publish the diaries publicly.
In 1997, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Wang Tongzhao's birth, the diaries were made public. This is the "Diary of the Decade of the Republic of China", which is of great significance in the history of modern literature.
In addition to his creations, Wang Tongzhao also taught at Qingdao Railway Middle School and Municipal Middle School (now Qingdao No. 1 Middle School); his home also became a stronghold of literary celebrities and literary rookies in Qingdao. In 1929, Wang Tongzhao joined hands with Qingdao Literary Youth to edit (found) Qingchao, which was the first literary monthly magazine in the history of Qingdao literature, and Wang Tongzhao was also known as the pioneer of modern literature in Qingdao. Zang Kejia, who was still a college student at the time, received his strong support, and Zang Kejia recalled: "He was very friendly, sincere, warm to people, encouraged and rewarded me as a latecomer, and spared no effort." My first book of poems, The Imprint, was an appraiser, a patron, and its publisher. Without Sword Three (王統照字剑三), this little book could not have come out, and it is not an exaggeration to say so. ”
The year after the publication of "Mountain Rain" (1934), Wang Tongzhao went to Europe to study, and after returning to China the following year, he founded the weekly magazine "Summer Escape" with Lao She and HongShen in Qingdao. In the autumn of 1936, he was invited to Shanghai to serve as the editor-in-chief of the monthly magazine "Literature", and signed the "Declaration of Colleagues in the Literary and Art Circles for Unity and Freedom of Speech" with Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Guo Moruo, Ba Jin, etc., but the following year when the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out, he left Qingdao with his family to avoid chaos, and No. 49 Guanhai 2nd Road was also forcibly occupied by the Japanese Kou, and the collection of books and manuscripts was destroyed. After the surrender of the Japanese Kou, Wang Tongzhao returned to his former residence on Guanhai Erlu with his family and was hired as a professor at the department of Chinese at Shandong University at that time. He also served as the editor-in-chief of the literary weekly Chaoyin, continuing the modern literary context of Qingdao. During this period, he created essays such as "Lao She and Wen Yiduo", "Mourning Zhao Mingyujun", "Remembering Lao She", "Remembrance of Mr. Junzun's Death", "Chasing Huai Jizhi", "Remembering Du Yujun", "Mourning Mr. Zhu Peixian" and other essays, from which posterity also saw many precious memory historical materials.
After the founding of New China, Wang Tongzhao was transferred to Jinan in 1950, and successively served as a member of the Shandong Provincial People's Government, deputy director of the Department of Culture and Education, and chairman of the Shandong Provincial Federation of Literature and Literature, and died of illness in Jinan in 1957. When the family was collecting the relics, they found some of the manuscripts and found that he had been conceiving and writing a long novel "Jiaozhou Bay", which showed Wang Tongzhao's feelings for the mountains and seas of Qingdao. Today, Qingdao has designated No. 49 Guanhai 2nd Road as the "Former Residence of Wang Tongzhao", and his bronze statue has also been placed in the Cultural Celebrity Sculpture Park of Qingdao Hundred Flowers Garden for future generations to evaluate and pay tribute to. Rice Jingyu
87
Shu Xingbei: A genius scientist with mixed sorrows and joys
Studying in Europe and the United States, he emerged in the world's scientific community; resolutely returned to China and maintained the purity of scientists in the storm. Everyone who mentions Shu Xingbei, a theoretical physicist, educator, and china's "father of radar," was touched by his life of devotion to scientific research. Relativity, quantum mechanics, radio, electromagnetism, meteorology, marine physics... With his genius and extraordinary concentration, he completed one amazing scientific research turn after another, and became one of the founders of China's marine physics in Qingdao, making pioneering contributions to the cause of marine science in China.
■ Shuxing North Statue located in the Hundred Flowers Garden.
The former professor's dormitory on Yushan Road has bathed in starlight with Shu Xingbei. In 1952, the national faculties were adjusted, and Shu Xingbei took the initiative to ask him to work in the Department of Physics of Shandong University in Qingdao at that time, as a professor. In the early years of studying at the University of Edinburgh, cambridge university, MIT, under the world's top scientists, Shu Xingbei has shown the endowment of a genius scientist, after returning to the motherland received great attention, because he did not want to violate patriotism, Shu Xingbei resigned his first job at the Central Army Officer School in Nanjing and threw himself into Zhejiang University, where Zhu Kezhen was the president. Zhejiang University in this period was called "the Cambridge of the East" by the British historian of science and technology Joseph Needham, and in the days of Zhejiang University, Shu Xingbei and Chinese nuclear physicist and the founder of the two bombs and one star, Wang Ganchang, were two iconic figures, and the two often held open academic debates, and gradually became familiar defamations in the scientific exploration of truth-seeking. In 1980, Wang Ganchang went to Qingdao to visit his old friend Shu Xingbei, and the two left a group photo in Qingdao Mountain.
■ In the courtyard of No. 36 Yushan Road, there is one place that is the former residence of Shu Xingbei.
In The thirty years of Qingdao, Shu Xingbei came with a high light, but helplessly fell into the dust, and finally ushered in a turning point in the spring of science, burning all the strength for his beloved scientific cause. When he first arrived at Shandong University, Shu Xingbei was deeply valued by The Principal Huagang, and his income status was good, but the straightforward Shu Xingbei was unwilling to accept too many constraints outside of scientific research, and strongly expressed his dissatisfaction in public. The shift in research direction to meteorology was only a conversion track for Shu Xingbei, and his scientific research achievements were also outstanding, but for the next long time, the suspension of his scientific research career was a collapse. In 1960, he transferred to Qingdao Medical College. In 1964, the news of the successful explosion of China's first atomic bomb came, and when the whole country was celebrating, Shu Xingbei could not help but feel sad in his heart after the joy, and he could not serve the motherland with the physics research he was good at, which was his greatest regret. The pure heart of the scientist doomed Shu Xingbei not to stop the pace of his scientific research, and in Qingdao, Shu Xingbei began to write "Special Relativity". At the same time, he had no shelf for scientists at all, repaired the instruments of Qingdao Medical College, and helped ordinary people, firmly continuing his footsteps.
In 1978, the National Science Congress was held in Beijing, and the "Spring of Science" came! Soon after, Shu Xingbei also ushered in the spring of his own science. Shu Xingbei, who returned to his scientific research heart, accepted the invitation of the First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration and went to the institute to engage in dynamic oceanography research. At this time, Shu Xingbei is 71 years old, in the final scientific research process, Shu Xingbei set up a power oceanography study class, cultivated a group of backbone talents in power oceanography, and at the same time, laid the foundation for China's marine internal wave research. In 1979, Shu Xingbei also calculated the optimal time for the data module reception and salvage of China's first intercontinental missile warhead.
Shu Xingbei regards scientific research work as a cause to pass on, for the cultivation of talents, Shu Xingbei has always been unreserved, when working at Zhejiang University, Shu Xingbei once walked 40 kilometers back and forth from Meitan to Yongxing to tutor students in general physics. In Qingdao, he still insisted on giving lessons to students when he was seriously ill. Nobel laureate Li Zhengdao, "two bombs and one star" meritorious scientist Cheng Kaijia, and physicist Wu Jianxiong were all his students. Li Zhengdao said that the "enlightenment source" he first accepted was from Teacher Shu Xingbei, and Cheng Kaijia and his wife were married by him. Since 2016, Ocean One has selected the "Shu Xingbei Young Scholars" every year to encourage young people to follow Shu Xingbei's example and continue to move forward on the road of scientific research.
When life comes to an end, What Shu Xingbei leaves behind is great love. In the time of fighting against the disease, Shu Xingbei decided to donate his body, and this beam of light source in Shu Xingbei not only enlightened Li Zhengdao, but also warmed the land of science forever. Ma Xiaoting
88
Hechongben:
The sea is accompanied by a homecoming
In 2008, teachers and students of Ocean University of China automatically raised funds to erect a bust stone statue on campus for He Chongben, an important founder of Chinese physical marine science and an educator of marine science, on October 28, the centenary of Mr. He Chongben's birth.
■ Hechongben statue located on the Yushan Campus of Ocean University.
Huang Fei, a professor at Haida University and doctoral supervisor who was still a young teacher at the time, made the following record in her blog: "Although our young teachers did not have the opportunity to meet Mr. He, it was good to listen to the memories of the old gentlemen, so I went to the symposium. Everyone rushed to recall the process of creating Mr. Physical Oceanography, his personality, academic level, personality charm..." It was at that commemoration event that many junior descendants really approached this familiar and unfamiliar gentleman for the first time. They found him a gentleman who had been with the sea all his life and regarded him as his hometown. It is said that he resolutely returned to China and chose Qingdao to pursue the marine science he loved, but the reason was very simple - it was closer to the ocean.
It was here that he set out to create China's first physical oceanography major, and when Shandong University moved to Jinan, he applied to the State Council for the development of the Ocean College in Qingdao with great foresight, and only then did he have today's Ocean University of China; it was he who applied to build China's first and largest marine science research ship in the most difficult period; at the beginning of the establishment of the Department of Oceanography, there were only three teachers, and his work efficiency and number of classes were amazing; it was also he, who did a lot of marine survey work hard, but never cared about personal fame and fortune. Always give your name to someone else...
"Sometimes, the fate of a person in this life is predestined by just one choice." In 2013, Mr. Hechongben's daughter He yu said so. That year, she followed the reporter back to No. 9 A of Yushan Road, and walked a short distance along the stone path next to the school gate of Haida Yushan Road to see the plaque of Hechongben's former residence. At that time, she stood in front of the courtyard door and looked inward, and kept saying that the yard had hardly changed, the trees were still the same, but the color of the window frames had changed, and the brownish red of the wood was now replaced by the white of plastic steel...
On the eve of liberation in 1949, he Chongben's family was invited by the then National Shandong University to qingdao from the northeast. The family was stranded at the airport for three days and three nights, unable to board the plane due to the turbulent times. Later, the trip was made possible by the education department. At that time, Hechongben had just returned from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography at California State University. In the chaos of the situation, he was deeply afraid that the US government would obstruct the return of Chinese students to China, so he decided to leave the United States and even gave up his doctorate in oceanography. Arriving in Qingdao with him, there were several boxes of marine science books that he had spent all his savings in the United States and borrowed money from his classmates.
Hechongben's life seems destined to be associated with the sea. In 1943 he went to the United States to study meteorology at the California Institute of Technology, and four years later, after receiving his doctorate in meteorology, he entered the University of California, Scripps Institute of Oceanography to work on marine physics. The daughter later asked her father why he wanted to learn marine-related subjects, but he first went to study meteorology. He Chongben replied that he had done some research in the United States and finally decided that in order to learn oceanography well, it was necessary to first learn meteorology. And that's what he did in Qingdao at the time—personally giving students a power meteorology class.
■ Former residence of He Chongben, No. 9 Yushan Road.
In 1952, He Chongben participated in the establishment of the Department of Oceanography of the National Shandong University, served as the head of the department, and for the first time as a lecturer in Chinese oceanography, he taught courses on "Tides", "Waves" and "Ocean Currents". However, for the younger generations engaged in marine research, what impressed them even more was Mr. He's research results on the cold water mass in the Yellow Sea. The formation of cold water masses in the Yellow Sea was correctly speculated as early as 1959 in a special article by Hechongben, which was almost unimaginable in an era half a century ago without numerical simulation means and extremely lacking in ocean observation, and the conjecture under the conditions at that time is still correct today.
Hechungburn's contribution goes far beyond that. It was precisely because of him that the well-known marine education talents in the country at that time were able to gather in Qingdao; it was he, Bole who knew Maxima, and "ventured" to use Professor Shu Xingbei, who had served in the Kuomintang government; and it was also under his direct efforts that in 1964, China's first self-designed and built ocean-going scientific research vessel was completed and put into use... Disdain for the prominence of fame, indifferent to the respect of the world, clinging to the root of the ocean, he revered the name of the book, worthy of the name.
For the city of Qingdao, the publicity of the humanistic spirit and the construction of cultural heritage are inseparable from the "leaders" of the marine discipline who have entered the history like Mr. He Chongben, and their backs to the ocean have been integrated into the cultural traditions of the city, accumulating into the city's huge spiritual wealth and marine scientific heritage, which is still the city's incomparable advantages and highlands. (Qingdao Daily/Guanhai News Reporter Li Wei This Edition Photo by Wang Lei )