The four giants of Shanshui
Jing, Guan, Dong, Ju
supervise
Dong is Dong Yuan
Dong Yuan, a painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Fifth Dynasty, was the originator of the Southern School of landscape painting. Yizuo Dongyuan (東元), also spelled Shuda, was a native of Zhongling, Jiangxi (present-day Jinxian County, Jiangxi), who was good at painting landscapes and painting landscapes, and was also working on figures and animals. His landscape began with Jing Hao, his pen strength was heavy, and then he entered the painting with the real scenery of the real mountains in Jiangnan, which was not a strange and steep brush. Distant forests and distant trees, flat and deep, wrinkles are like hemp skin, and posterity is called "Phi Ma".
"Xiaoxiang Picture Scroll" is composed by Dong Yuan of the Fifth Dynasty and is a representative work in the history of Chinese landscape painting.
Xiaoxiang Scroll 50x141cm in the Beijing Museum
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, after Dong Qichang, it was handed over to Yuan Shu, the son of Yuan Keli.
In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Yuan Shu's hometown was plagued by wars and rivers, and the calligraphy and painting collection in the first library of Yuan Keli Shangshufu was destroyed, and only these few frame scrolls traveled thousands of miles back and forth for Yuan Shu to protect him from the disaster of war and fire, and has been passed down to this day.
Yuan Shu said to himself: "In November of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, he was awarded to Dong Sibai's uncle's family, and the original value was added to the four chambers."
Dong Yuan's "Xiaoxiang Picture Scroll" Volume: Dong Qichang's book inscription
"Xiaoxiang Picture Scroll" Volume 1 Of the inscription of Dong Qichang Xingshu
"Xiaoxiang Picture Scroll" Volume: Dong Qichang Xingshu Inscription Partial Figure 2
"Xiaoxiang Picture Scroll" Volume: Dong Qichang Xingshu Inscription Partial Figure 3
"Xiaoxiang Picture Scroll" Volume: Dong Qichang's book inscription partial figure 4
"Xiaoxiang Picture Scroll" Volume: Dong Qichang's book inscription partial figure 5
"Xiaoxiang" refers to the Xiao River and the Xiang River in Hunan Province, and the two waters flow into Dongting Lake.
The picture shows the southern landscape, the picture depicts a lake and mountains, the mountains are gentle and continuous, the mountains are mostly covered with hemp, and the vegetation above the mountains is rendered with ink dots, and the composition of Pingyuan and the combination of large areas of water in the close-up scene make the picture have a strong sense of space, and the mist of the Jiangnan landscape is presented. In the landscape, there are also characters fishing boats, which are colorful and interesting, adding infinite vitality to the quiet and deep mountain forest.
Draw the whole picture of the heart
There is a legend about Xiaoxiangtu
In ancient mythology, due to the Xiangshui myth (Xiangjun and Lady Xiang were originally a pair of consort gods, and later evolved into the two concubines of Emperor Shun, Xiangjun and Lady Xiang), the Yellow Emperor's wandering in the wilderness of Dongting, the allusion to the wilderness of Shun's death, and the exile of officials to the south by successive generations of officials, the "Xiaoxiang image" gradually evolved into a cultural mother with the concepts of the intention of the Holy King, the concept of not meeting talents, who is far away, gao jie qingyuan, etc., which implies the idea of immortality, orthodoxy, and political refuge. The idea of seclusion has gained widespread resonance in later generations, becoming a common memory that exists in people's consciousness.
Xiang Junxiang Lady Picture Color on paper Wen Zhengming
100.8x35.6 in Beijing Museum
Since the land of Cangwu was the burial place of Shun, Emperor Shun finally cangwu, so the land of Hu Sanxiang up to Jiangnan became the place where the ancient sages were descended, and later generations first took "Xiaoxiang" as the final entrustment of political ideals and ultimate beliefs in a sense, which was the most fundamental ethical connotation and spiritual connotation of the "Xiaoxiang" painting theme.
Because of this, Xiaoxiang is the theme of the songs and pictures of the literati of all generations.
During the Five Dynasties period, the Southern Tang Dynasty established a state in Jiangnan, and only then did the social background of Dong Yuan's "Xiaoxiang Tu" creation appear, if there was no Southern Tang dynasty in Jiangnan, the establishment of Zhengshuo and orthodox concepts in Jinling, it would be difficult to have dong Yuan's "Xiaoxiang Tu" appear.
"Xiao Xiang Tu" Zhongshan momentum from the beginning of the volume, with the flower blue ink hook, do not use the hemp and use the dots, in order to show the depth of perspective, the small mounds on the mountains from near to far from large to small, from sparse to dense, ink dots also have dense and thick changes, showing a dense and complex distant tree posture.
The mountain hollow leaves a misty mist, creating a feeling of mist and distance. The trees nearby are also expressed by ideas, but the image given by the idea situation has changed into a whole tree into a leaf, and the trees are lined up in rows, and the heights and heights are jagged near and far, and the fishing village huts are faintly exposed in the forest.
Take the potential composition in Pingyuan. Depicting the beautiful ethereal and ethereal and light and deep of the Jiangnan landscape. According to the activities of the characters in the picture, the picture can be divided into two parts: left and right.
The right half mainly depicts the activities of the cruise ship, a small boat on the water is slowly approaching the Ting shore, and a zhu-clad man who looks like a high-ranking official is sitting under the umbrella cover, and there are several attendants and boats around him. A group of five people on the shore seemed to be greeting the boat, and a few women in the distance were watching from afar.
The left half shows a net fishing scene, with several fishermen on the slope casting nets to catch fish, and a few others have gone down into the water, as if they were laying nets under the water.
In addition to these two groups of characters, there are several small boats on the surface of the water, staggered between the clear waves, free to return. At the lower end of the scroll, the sandbank reeds can be seen. Behind the upper slope, the thick forest overlaps, and the houses are faintly visible. After that, the mountains are continuous, and the mountains are stacked and deep.
In the "Xiaoxiang Map", there are Dong Qichang Baosan, Yuan Shu baoyi, and Wang Duobaoyi. There are "Yuan Shu Private Seal", "Yuan Shu's Seal", and "Suiyang Yuan Family Collection Secretary". Ming "Yuan Shu Appreciation" calligraphy and painting chapters, "Yuan Shu Seal Letter", "Bo Ying" and other imprints.
Dong Yuan's "Xiaoxiang Tu" is based on the objective and true background, and people believe that Dong Yuan's landscape creation is not only a depiction of the real scenery of nature, but also the embodiment of spiritual concepts. With the help of the Xiaoxiang situation in the poems of the Six Dynasties and the pre-Qin Dynasty, an image model of the new era was established.
Outstanding characters will not be buried, and of the more than 310 names of mercury craters that have been named by the International Astronomical Union, 15 are named after the characters of our Chinese nation. One of them is our "originator of rebellion", Dong Yuan.