Mr. Wuliu Tao Yuanming

　Tao Yuanming (365–427), courtesy name Qian, was a chinese poet who called himself Mr. Wuliu (五柳先生) and a privateer. In Tang Dynasty literature, because of the avoidance of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan's secrecy, he was called Tao Quanming or Tao Shenming. A native of Chaisang County, Xunyang County (present-day Lushan, Jiangxi). The literary scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Liu Song Dynasty, the great-grandson of Sima Tao Kan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, his father and grandfather were all county guards, and since his great-grandfather, grandfather, and father, all of them were subjects in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but he had never served as a high-ranking official in his lifetime, and was promoted by Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Ningzhi and briefly served as a sacrificial wine in Jiangzhou, and then joined the army as a town army and Jianwei, and became a Pengze County Commandery with the assistance of his uncle Taishou of Jin'an County (present-day Fuzhou), because he hated the politics of the time, he resigned and returned to his hometown for about eighty days, and he never gave up for life.

　　thought

　　Tao Yuanming was influenced by Confucianism in his youth and had the ambition to join the WTO with "fierce ambitions to escape the world, and qian fei to think far away" as he wanted to enter the world.

　　At the age of thirty, Tao Yuanming successively joined Huan Xuan (3rd year of the Jin Dynasty Emperor Long'an, 399 AD) as a subordinate of King Qin, but later Huan Xuan usurped the Jin Dynasty, and he joined Liu Yu's rebellion against Huan Xuan's rebel shogunate (404 AD). In the first year of the reign of Emperor Yixi of Jin 'an ( 405 AD ) , he realized that Liu Yu was not sincerely restoring the Jin Dynasty , so he retreated to Protect Himself from Mingzhe , resigned Peng Zeling to avoid the scourge of annihilation , and wrote "Return to Xi Ci" with Ming Zhi (see "Fu Lonely Pine and Pan Huan" in the first paragraph of "Return to Xi Ci", and the last sentence of the second paragraph is "Lefu Mandate of Heaven Fu Xi Doubt", each of which is embellished with the last word into Huan Doubt).

　　After Liu Yu usurped the Jin Dynasty in 420 AD, Tao Yuanming, who lived in seclusion in poverty and farming, wrote the "Taohuayuan" in a metaphorical way to express his greatest condemnation of this matter, "Ask what is the present world, but I don't know whether there is a Han, no matter Wei and Jin." This person sighed one by one for what he had heard. Lamenting that although the tyrannical Qin is cruel, at this time it is especially too Qin chaos, so everyone who hears it sighs, and at the beginning of the "Peach Blossom Source Poem", there is "Yin's chaotic heavenly age, and the sage avoids his world" to point out its meaning.

　　After entering the Liu Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming's poverty and illness worsened, and Jiangzhou's assassin Shi Tan Daoji went to persuade him to abandon the hidden Shi, but he was not gifted and unmoved, that is, he did not give up his style of living in seclusion and seeking ambitions and not eating Zhou Su (because Tao Yuanming's great-grandfather, grandfather, father, and himself were all officials in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, just like Zhang Liangqi's family was the fifth emperor of Han, and then avenged Han in his life). As he wrote in his poem: "Through a thousand years of books, I always see the martyrs." High exercise is not to climb, and the fallacy is solid. "In the second half of his life, he is practicing the name he changed after entering Liu Song - Qian, and he will not use the dragon in his lifetime!"

　　Tao Qian's "Peach Blossom Origin" has a profound critique of reality. The life of the people in Taohuayuan is not much different from the outside world, the same is "back and forth farming", "the house is like a house", the difference is that the residents of Taohuayuan can get along harmoniously and "enjoy themselves". There seems to be no grass-roots organization such as a village community in Taohuayuan, and because of its isolation from the world, all external institutions and organizations have no reason to exert power on them, and people live in a state of freedom. The moral of the article is that the social system supported by the external society is precisely the root cause of people's inability to live happily and happily, and all politics, systems, and institutions are superfluous, but they are the root causes of the destruction of peace and tranquility.

　　Tao Yuanming once said: "If the golden year does not come again, it will be difficult to get another morning." Timely encouragement, the years do not treat people. There is also a maxim in the "Thousand Character Text" that "the ruler is not a treasure, and the inch yin is a competition".

　　opus

　　Xiao Tong, the crown prince of Liang Zhaoming, searched for Tao Yuanming's posthumous works and compiled them into seven volumes of the Tao Yuanming Collection, and passed them on and prefaced for them.

　　poem

　　Five-character poems: "Returning to the Garden and Tianju", "Heguo Master Book", "Yu Xi Yue Waseda", "Huaigu Tianshe", "Peach Blossom Yuan" and "Preface" (the preface is commonly known as "Peach Blossom Yuan"), "Drinking" twenty parallel sequences, "Stop Wine", "Responsible Son", "Shu Wine", "Wax Day", "Miscellaneous Poems" twelve, "Yong Poor Man", "Yong JingKe", "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas" thirteen poems, "Elegy Poems" and so on.

　　Fu

　　"Feeling The Soldier Does Not Meet the Endowment" and the preface, "Idle Affection Endowment", "Return to the Word" and the preface.

　　wen

　　"The Biography of Mr. Goyanagi" relies on the way of the article to show his own personality feelings, and his article is free of nature, as the article says: "The people of the Wuhuai clan, the people of the Ge Tianshi." Maybe Mr. Goyanagi is like a person from the time of Wu Huai and Ge Tianshi! "Biography of Shi Mengfu Jun, the Great General of the Jin Dynasty", "Fan Painting Praise", "Reading the Nine Chapters of History", "With Zi Yu and Others", "Sacrifice cheng clan sister text", "Sacrifice from the brother to respect the member text", "Self-sacrifice text".

　　novel

　　The ten volumes of the Zhiwei novel "Afterword of the God" written in the Southern Dynasty were written by Tao Qian. Lu Xun believes that "Tao Qian kuangda may not be fisted at the ghost god, and Gai Pseudo-Tuoye" is also.

　　Pseudo-trust

　　The ten volumes of the Tao Qianzhi compiled by Northern Qi Yang Xiuzhi include the "Five Filial Pieties" and "Four Eight Eyes". Ji Xiaolan's "Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries" pointed out that the "Five Filial Pieties" and "Four Eight Eyes" were pseudo-trusts.

　　Literary influences

　　* Tao Yuanming's works that have survived to this day include more than 120 poems, as well as other texts and fu, and people call him "pastoral poet". His most famous work is "The Tale of Peach Blossom Origin", which describes a society he envisioned as a peach blossom source society, a harmonious and beautiful society without war and chaos, and self-reliance. Making Peach Blossom Origin and Utopia Equally Famous represents a beautiful fantasy.

　　* Tao Yuanming's poetry shows the integrity of contempt for the powerful and the independence of the world, and the simple and natural poetic style has had a great and far-reaching influence on the creation of poetry in later generations. Clear personality, sincere emotions, plain and simple, not very useful, concise and subtle, "qualitative and practical, humble and practical", rich in mood and philosophy, subjective freehand, mixed with Confucian and Taoist thoughts. In addition to traditional Confucianism, it was also heavily influenced by Taoist thought. Tao's poems are "thick throughout and difficult to extract", not dedicated to tempering, and written innocently and naturally.

　　* Tao Yuanming's poems had little influence during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Liu Xun wrote "Wenxin Carved Dragon" and did not mention Tao Yuanming at all. Although Chung Rong's "Poetry" is listed as a middle grade, it is pushed to be the ancestor of ancient and modern reclusive poets, and later generations have a high evaluation of Tao poetry, and after the Tang and Song Dynasties, Tao poetry is more highly respected. It is believed that his poems "originate from Ying Xuan". Xiao Tong, the prince of Liang Dynasty Zhaoming, praised Tao Yuanming: "His articles are not group, the words are brilliant, the ups and downs are obvious, and they are superior to the many. Depressed and cheerful, Mo Zhi and Jing". The "Anthology" contains more than ten poems by Tao Yuanming, and is the author whose works are more collected.

　　* Tao Yuanming's pastoral hermit poems had a great influence on the poets of the Tang and Song dynasties. Du Fu Shiyun: "Relief should be wine, and there is no poetry in the revival, this meaning tao submerged in understanding, and I was born after the Ru period." The Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo had a high evaluation of Tao Qian: "Yuanming's poems seem to be loose at the beginning, and they are familiar with strange sentences. ...... The rate is high and far-reaching, then it is wonderful, and the language is so exquisite that it can be so. It is like a master craftsman transporting pounds, and there are no traces of axe chisels. Youyun: "Qualitative and solid, solid and solid." Su Dongpo also wrote 109 poems and poems, such as "He Tao Stops Wine", "Drinking Alone with Tao Lianyu", "Five Poems of He Tao Persuasion", "Nine Songs of He Tao Nine Days of Idle Residence", "Nine Poems of He Tao Imitation", "Eleven Poems of He Tao Miscellaneous Poems", "He Tao Gifting Sheep Chang Official", "Four Poems of He Tao Shuyun", "He Tao Shape Gift shadow", "He Tao Ying Answer Form", "He Tao Liu Chai Sang", "He Tao Reward Liu Chai Sang", "and Tao Guo Master Book", which shows the depth of Tao Yuanming's influence on Su Dongpo. And Meng Haoran, a representative poet of the Tang Dynasty Landscape Pastoral School, admired Tao Qian very much, and his style was very similar to it.

　　* Ma Zhiyuan, a Yuan Dynasty opera composer, called himself "Dongli" because of his admiration for Tao Yuanming, and his descendants compiled a collection of songs as "Dongli Lefu".

　　Heir

　　Tao Yuanming had five sons, Tao Yu (nicknamed Ah Shu), Tao Qian (nicknamed Ah Xuan), Tao Fen (nicknamed Ah Yong), Tao You (nicknamed Ah Duan), Tao Tong (nicknamed Ah Tong), Ah Yong and Ah Duan were brothers, and one daughter, whose name and rank are unknown. He once lamented in the "Poetry of The Blame": "Although there are five boys, it is always difficult to write and write." Ashu is twenty-eight, lazy and unmatched. Ah Xuan practiced zhixue, but did not love literature. Yongduan was thirteen years old, and did not know six and seven. Tongzi is nine years old, but reads pear and chestnut. Heaven forbid, and into the cup. "And Liu Chaisang" mentioned: [Although a weak woman is not a man, comfort is better than nothing.]" Except for the eldest son Ah Yong, who was born to the Chen clan, the others were all born to the Cui clan.

　　anecdote

　　White clothes to send wine: a year in Chongyang, Tao Yuanming has no wine to drink, in the fence for a long time, suddenly there are white-clad people on the orders of Wang Hong, for him to send wine, Tao Yuanming took over and drank, drunk and returned.