The first recorded important figure in the history of China to control water is Gonggong, who is a descendant of the Yandi Shennong clan and is also the water god in ancient Chinese mythology, Gonggong once competed with one of the five emperors for the throne, but failed, and the records of Gonggong are mostly stories about water control, but because Gonggong once competed with Gonggong for the throne, he was called a wicked man.
During the yao emperor's time, a man named Gong Du recommended a co-worker to cure the water, but the Yao emperor was unwilling to use it, and then Siyue recommended Yu's father Cang to rule the water, because there was no suitable candidate, so he had to let the carp to try, and the carp ruled the water for 9 years, without success, so he was exiled to Yushan. These deeds are recorded in the Book of Shang.
The Great Flood of Antiquity
"Shang Shu Yao Dian": Gong Du enters into the words of co-work, Yao Knows the Untestable Engineer, and the Result of Co-Work is obscene. The four Yues raised the cangzhi hongshui, Yao thought it was impossible, Yue Qiang asked to try it, but it was useless, so the people were inconvenienced.
From here, the land of Huaxia occurred in the Yao Emperor period, when the main flood, the period of the reign of the Yao Emperor was probably from 2357 BC to 2286 BC, more than 4300 years ago, the flood existed for a long time, starting from the Yao Emperor period, and then through the reign of Emperor Shun, until the Dayu period.
During the shun emperor's time, siyue recommended the son of Yu to rule the water, their father and son have been recommended to rule the water, it can be seen that Yu's family is a water family, Yu zhishui for 13 years, the world divided into Kyushu, at the same time developed the land of Kyushu, opened up the road of Kyushu, built the lake embankment of Kyushu, measured the mountains and rivers of Kyushu, and finally cured the water.
Da Yu Zhi Shui
From the perspective of time, the duration of this huge flood is at least 20 or 30 years, not less than 21 years (9 years of Yu Zhishui + 13 years of Yu Zhishui), and there may be hundreds of years at most (the reign of Yao Shunyu is added), and there are always people who doubt whether this flood exists in real history, so what is the truth?
The following will confirm the reality of Dayu Zhishui from four aspects:
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The first is to read the historical records:
"History of the Five Emperors Benji": Yao you also know: Oh, four yue, Tang Tang flood monstrous, Haohao Huaishan Xiangling, the people are worried, is there a ruler? All are known as carp.
This is the "History" recorded that there was a great flood during the reign of Emperor Yao, and Yao asked Siyue who could control the water, and Siyue recommended Cang.
Many ancient books record the great Yu Zhishui
"Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing": The flood is monstrous, and the tarnish of the emperor is stolen to flood the water, and does not wait for the emperor's orders. Emperor Zhu Rong killed Yu Yujiao.
This is the flood recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, saying that in order to control the water, the carp stole the emperor's soil to control the water, without the emperor's consent, so the emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill the carp at Yushan.
"Poetry Business Ode Long Hair": Mao Zhe Wei Shang, long hair Qixiang. The flood is mang, and Yu lays down the earth.
This is the Great Flood recorded in the Book of Poetry, which means: the wise and wise ancestor of the great merchant, who has eternally prospered and blessed The Emperor. In ancient times, the flood was vast, and Dayu Ping ruled the world in all directions.
There are too many records in such historical books, including the Book of Shang, Mencius, Zuo Zhuan, and Lü Shi Chunqiu, all of which record this great flood, so the record of this great flood is not isolated evidence, it is universal, and it should be true.
The climate during the Yao Shunyu period was warm and humid
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The reason for the flood at that time was closely related to the weather reason, and the famous Chinese meteorologist Zhu Kezhen wrote an academic treatise based on years of research on China's climate, called "Preliminary Research on Climate Change in China in the Past Five Thousand Years", the issue number is: Journal of Archaeology 1972 (1) Chinese Science 1973.16 (2).
Zhu Kezhen divided China's five-thousand-year climate into four warm periods and four cold periods. The first warm period is the Five Emperors period to the Xia and Shang periods, that is, 3000 BC to 1100 BC, a total of 1900 years, in the Banpo site and Yin Ruins unearthed the remains of river chamois and bamboo rats, these two animals lived in the subtropics, and now there is no more, which shows that the temperature at that time was higher than now.
In addition, it was also found on the oracle that the Anyang people at that time planted rice in march of the solar calendar, about a month earlier than now, the oracle bone also recorded that there were elephants in the Henan area at that time, elephants are animals living in the tropics, according to various data inferred that the average annual temperature at that time was about 2 degrees higher than now, of which the average temperature in January was 3 to 5 degrees higher than now, in a warm period.
Model of Climate Change in China for 5,000 Years
Not only is the temperature higher than now, and the humidity is also greater than now, which means that there is more rain, the amount of water is abundant, even if the temperature is 1 to 2 degrees higher, the difference in climate will be very large, such as many glaciers will melt, the sea level will rise, and at the same time, there is a lot of rain, it is easy to cause flood disasters, Zhu Kezhen's warm period includes the period of Yao Shunyu's life, which proves from science that the climate at that time was easy to cause a flood.
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In the spring of 2002, experts from the Poly Art Museum in Beijing stumbled upon a bronze vessel of the Western Zhou Dynasty with an inscription in the overseas cultural relics market, named Sui Gong Qiu (xǔ), so they spent money to buy it back to China, which is an ancient ceremonial vessel or food utensils that held rice dishes such as millet, millet, rice, and sorghum.
The Mandate of Heaven Yu shiki soil, with the mountains and rivers, is to set up a levy on the ground, to surrender to the people, to be a good person, to be a match for the people of the township (to enjoy), and to become a parent.
Translated, it means: Mandate of Heaven Yu zhi shui, open mountains and rivers. He was commanded to conquer, surrender to the people, and supervise the conduct of morality. (Yu) held a sacrifice himself, and the people called him like his parents.
Sui Gong Cup and inscription
After research, this Sui Gong Cup existed in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, about 2900 years ago, which is the earliest record of the Xia Dynasty and Dayu Zhishui in the excavated cultural relics, which not only proves that Dayu once ruled water, but also can strongly prove the existence of the Xia Dynasty, which together with the records of the history books constitute a powerful chain of evidence.
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In 1999, a joint archaeological team formed by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Qinghai Province officially excavated the Lajia site in Lajia Village, Guanting Town, Minhe County, Qinghai Province, which existed about 4,000 years ago and is a large site in archaeological history formed entirely due to natural disasters.
After the study of archaeologists, the Lajia site belongs to the Qi family culture, belongs to the Neolithic site, all the people in the site are abnormal deaths, showing the posture of the moment on the eve of death, the most shocking of which is that a mother died suddenly in her arms, no one died normally, which shows that the event at that time must have been a sudden major disaster, a large number of household pottery was full of mud, there was a large amount of red clay in the site, and some detritus of the flood sediment were found.
Qinghai Lajia Ruins
Among them, there is also a red pottery bowl upside down on the ground, the bowl is filled with dirt, and there are some noodle-shaped foods under the bowl, which have been weathered, and can only be seen as thin as the shape of noodles after weathering, which is the earliest noodle relic in China, and everything seems so sudden.
Archaeologists believe that the reason for the occurrence of the Lajia site is: the earthquake caused a mudslide, blocked the Yellow River, formed a huge dammed lake, led to the collapse of the embankment, and then caused a major flood, due to the huge amount of water, quickly flooded the Lajia site on the bank of the Yellow River, and triggered a major flood in the Yellow River Basin, which is also interpreted by some archaeologists as one of the reasons for the formation of the great flood.
In addition to the Lajia ruins, there are also Wangchenggang ruins have also been proved to have floods, Wangchenggang ruins are located in Bafang Village, Jiecheng Town, Dengfeng City, Henan Province, belongs to the Central Plains Longshan culture, and the Erlitou culture is almost in the same period, after archaeological research, Wangchenggang ruins exist in 2469 BC ~ 1543 BC, 3564 ~ 4490 years ago, just including the Yao Shunyu period.
The remains of noodles with upside-down buckles at the ruins of the Lajia family
The report "Excavation of the Ruins of Dengfeng Wangchenggang" jointly issued by the Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and the Archaeological Department of the China Historical Museum mentioned that most of the east city of the site was washed away by the flood, which triggered archaeologists to determine the authenticity of Dayu Zhishui, and archaeologist Yu Weichao believes that 4,000 years ago, a major flood occurred in the Yellow River Basin, and the deeds of Dayu Zhishui should be true.
In addition, excavations began in 1979 at the Site of Xinzhong, also believed to be evidence of a great flood, the site of Xinzhan is located in Xinzhai Village, Liuzhai Town, Xinmi City, Henan Province, belonging to the late Longshan Culture and early Erlitou Culture sites in the Central Plains, existing in 2107 BC, dating from about 4128, the Xinzhan site is also suspected to be one of the capitals of the Xia Dynasty.
In the archaeological excavations, the ancient river channel in the Xinzhong site was discovered, and the sediment of the flood was found, which is believed to be submerged by the Great Flood, and this period is also the period of the Great YuZhi Water, and the time can be roughly matched.
Archaeological findings of flood-hit formations have been found
According to a paper published by Mr. Wei Jiyin, Associate Professor of the School of History and Culture of Henan University, the content in "The Great Flood of the Xinzhan Cultural Period and the Formation of the Erlitou Culture" can also prove that a major flood occurred during the existence of the Xinzhan site, and the duration was relatively long, from the early period of the Xinzhan Ii to the late second phase.
In addition, there are Mengzhuang ruins, located in Mengzhuang Town, Huixian City, Henan Province, belonging to the Longshan culture, dating back to about 4100 to 4800 years ago, the site here has also been determined by archaeological research to be destroyed by the Great Flood.
The Lajia ruins, Wangchenggang ruins, Xinzhan ruins, and Mengzhuang ruins have all been archaeologically proven to have evidence of excessive flooding, and they are also correct in time, which constructs a flooding area from the upper to middle stream of the Yellow River, which strongly proves that the Dayu Zhishui is real.
The four major evidences of historical records, scientific research, excavated cultural relics, and archaeological discoveries form a complete chain of evidence, proving that Dayu Zhishui is real, not a mythical story.