This article is the exclusive original manuscript of Shi ShiShishi, and unauthorized reproduction/ Author Daeyue Xingdao Wang is strictly prohibited
Photocopied portrait in a Vietnamese history magazine in the 20c60s, signed "In the Light", has been used as an image of Nguyen Hue, dating back to 1923's "Ancient Manchurian Art"
As the country of the Indochina Peninsula most influenced by Chinese culture, Vietnam, with the title of "Outer King and Inner Emperor", has also experienced a long period of dynastic changes like the Central Plains in the course of more than a thousand years of founding, of which the dynasties established by the surnames of Ding, Li, Chen, Li and Nguyen are the most powerful, during which there is also the confrontation between the southern and northern dynasties in which the monarchs of the Later Li Dynasty occupy the north and the Nguyen lords in the south. After more than two hundred years of divided power, the three newly rising Nguyễn brothers from Phuong Dinh Province were eventually replaced by the three newly rising Nguyễn brothers from Phu Dinh Province, and the Qing army, after being expelled to China for help, went to Annam to seek revenge, and the main general Sun Shiyi's army first defeated the Peasant Army of Xishan and entered the capital of Shenglong City, but ascended the throne as emperor in the name of Guangzhong. In twelve hours, Nguyễn Van Hue, the leader of the Xishan Uprising, who organized 6,000 soldiers and recruited tens of thousands of horses along the way, was caught off guard by the back and was caught off guard by the tragic counterattack, and fled north all the way back to Liangguang with scattered remnants, after which Nguyen Van Hue took the initiative to seek peace and accept the canonization of the Qianlong Emperor and personally led his troops into Beijing to celebrate Qianlong (there were also brothers, nephews or subordinates who could not withstand detailed scrutiny), officially declaring the short stability of the Vietnamese regime after more than ten years.
Use strange talk as the basis for calling for an uprising
Conquer Fuchun
The three Nguyen brothers (Nguyồ Đồ Thơm) originally followed their father's surname hu, Nguyồ Thơm, and were later renamed by private school teachers to hoa Huệ in Vietnamese, which contains the meaning of rich floral fragrance. In addition to passing on the lessons, teachers in the past also undertook the fatherly obligation to pay attention to the daily lives of young students, and it was reasonable to name students with their own tastes. Later, in order to rebel against the harsh taxes and land annexation policies of the authorities Nguyễn Nguyễn, the three brothers changed the banner of the rebel army to their mother's surname Nguyễn, in an attempt to use this surname with royal prestige to win more voice and win the appeal of the middle and low-class people.
Like the indissoluble bond between China's founding emperor and mythical creatures such as dragons and snakes, the Xishan Uprising exudes mystical implications from the beginning. The Xishan brothers were stopped by two black giant snakes on the way out of the mountain for the first time, and everyone panicked, and Ruan Hui got off his horse and said respectfully: "If providence is difficult to violate this trip and cannot go smoothly, then please bite me alone, and let my subordinates return safely to their hometown to reunite with their wives and children." If the Destiny is still there, please open the way for us. The second snake was impressed to lead the way for the whole army and gave a sword from the woods to Nguyen Hue.
Costumes at folk festivals
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > an unshakable position in the minds of the Vietnamese people</h1>
Visit the then Great Confucian Nguyen Hun
Vietnam has fought against every Chinese dynasty since its independence from the Central Plains, but either the invasion retreated first and then the Song Yue Xi Ninh War, or the Yuan-Vietnam War supplemented by guerrilla warfare and the Ming Blue Mountain Uprising.
Because the Battle of Thanh Viet was a head-on confrontation on its own initiative after the defeat of his subordinates, and the outstanding achievements of the Siamese army brought by the Nguyen Phuc Anh clan of the Nguyen Dynasty who fled to other countries in the Indochina Peninsula, such as the Nguyen Phuc Anh who fled into a foreign country to rescue troops, Nguyen Hue is considered by some scholars to be the greatest general in Vietnamese history. At the age of eighteen, he participated in the uprising, at the age of twenty, he led an army to fight against Lord Ruan, and at the age of thirty-nine, he planned to completely defeat Lord Ruan's army in Jiading, but unfortunately died of a sudden illness.
As a cloth cloth who had only been exposed to basic cultural and martial arts education without systematic military training, he won many internal and external wars during his twenty-year career as a general, especially in the three main battlefields of Jiading (present-day Ho Chi Minh City), Phu Chun (present-day Hue), and Thang Long (present-day Hanoi). In 1783, in the siege of Nguyen Phuc Anh On Phu Quoc Island, according to the direction of the wind, wind, and tides, large ships bravely marched forward in the rapids; in 1785, he led a strategic counter-offensive to drive 50,000 Siamese invaders out of Jiading, defeated nearly 40,000 Siamese/Khmer troops and thousands of Nguyen troops in one day, and made great achievements in this Battle of Li Pao; in the Battle of Phu Xuan in 1786, he used the multi-service cooperation of navy, infantry, cavalry, and artillery to skillfully carry out espionage activities among different enemy generals In the same year, he commanded the campaign to attack Beihe, abolished the system of King Zheng of Li, ended the division of about two centuries, and initially established the foundation for the unification of the whole country.
The Xishan army was "like a broken bamboo, uncertain in its whereabouts, and hidden from time to time." Some missionaries likened his military brilliance to Alexander the Great or Attila, while the Vietnamese people avoided talking about the invasion and plundering of Laos.
The Xishan Army, composed of many social strata and different ethnic groups, peasants, merchants, rich peasants, officials, intellectuals, ethnic Chinese, ethnic minorities, as well as Christians and Buddhists of their own faith, adopted a policy of military service for all, men over the age of fifteen joined the army, the elderly and women built bridges and roads, and also encouraged agricultural livelihood, and the number of troops mobilized at any time was 2 million to 300,000.
When Nguyen Hue was young, he knew how to treat people with courtesy and meritocracy, which was also a factor in the large number of old departments of Hou Lê and Lord Trần after the founding of the country. In 1774 and 1776, when the old general Nguyen Dang Hung was captured twice, he was kind enough to persuade the other side to surrender, the first time he was powerless to persuade the other side to release the other party, and the second time he was rejected before executing the other party, which is also a good story of loyalty in Vietnamese history. If the other party did not oppose it, it was declared in an edict: "All the old dynasties or the military generals who followed the Zhao Tong Emperor or the exiles can now return to their original official positions." If there is anyone who does not want to be an official, he can also do what he wants to do."
Under his leadership, talented scholars such as Chen Wenji and Wu Shihuan emerged. When Wu Shiren appeared, Nguyễn Hue recognized his talents and immediately gave him the corresponding official positions, granted him the title of Shilang ( 侍郎 ) , conferred the title of Marquis of Qing , and had him lead all the officials of the old dynasty. Not only Wu Shiren, but also Pan Huiyi, Ruan Bolin, Wu Huiyan, etc., Nguyen Hui accepted and treated them equally.
Nguyen Hue gave unusual preferential treatment to the hermit Nguyen Hun, who wrote three times inviting and attaching generous gifts, indicating urgency but respect. Ruan Huan was bent on Hou Li and refused three times. It was not until Emperor Zhao Tong led the Qing army back to China and Nguyen Hue took the throne and went north to meet the battle, at which time Nguyen Hun agreed to join the Xishan Uprising.
When Nguyen Hue garrisoned Ann, Nguyen Hun said to him: "The country is empty and the people's hearts are scattered. The Qing division came from afar, did not know the shape of strength and weakness, and did not recognize the momentum of war. The Lord will not come out of this place until ten days, and the enemy will be cleared." When he returned from victory, he took him to Visit Ruan Huan and sighed: "The ancients said: One sentence can become a great cause. After insisting on persuasion many times, Nguyen Hun agreed to cooperate, first helping the emperor to preside over the imperial examination, look at the ground, and then accept the appointment of the president of ChongzhengYuan.
After the destruction of the Sai Son Dynasty, Chen Quang Yao, Pei Shi Chun and many of The West Hill soldiers were tortured by Nguyen Phuc Anh and died in the court without fear, while the female general Pei Shi Chun still fearlessly spoke to Nguyen Phuc Anh before her death. Nguyen Phuc Anh asked, "Who is better with me and Nguyen Hue?" She replied: "The former emperor won hundreds of battles and won every battle, personally casting brilliant deeds, but you were afraid of your hands and feet, and asked for help from foreign countries." The emperor was merciful to the losers, such as your courtier Nguyen Hoang Tak, while you treated these talented people with a villainous heart. How can you compare with the previous emperor? ”
On the cold morning of January 1790, when it rained heavily, Emperor Xian, holding an incense burner, kindly asked him to sit down with four courtiers to discuss state affairs, and many sleepless nights came to him to talk about political affairs and poetry. Until 1797, Wu Shiren still dreamed of emperor Guangzhong, who had been dead for five years. He wrote respectfully: In the spring of Ding Wei's year, I fell ill, and in my dream I saw the former emperor sitting high in the northern city, and I drafted the edict. Mibi's last sentence was changed to "Descend from the world to browse political affairs", and then turned to me and said, "Seven words have been added, what do you think?" "I agree. (Quoted from Wu Shiren's poem "Qin Bang Danyang Mausoleum")
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > knotted</h1>
With Princess Li Yuxin
After solving the problem of Nguyễn Lord and dealing with the tricky figure of the Later Lê Dynasty, Nguyễn Trần Trịnh Trịn Trịnh Trịn
Folk people usually think that this is a good story of a kind love and a kenneth, although the attraction of relations between the DPRK and China and all parties is also one of the components of consideration. The more romantic story is that after Thang Long defeated the Qing army, Nguyen Hue brought back a peach blossom for his beloved wife. Soon after the two became related, Le Xianzong passed away, and Emperor Li Weiqi succeeded to the throne, also known as Emperor Zhao, out of jealousy of the Xishan army, he did not inform Nguyen Hue in time at the enthronement ceremony so that the ceremony was nearing the end when the other party arrived at the scene. Nguyen Hue had even slaughtered a eunuch who was smiling slightly at Emperor Xianzong's funeral for his loyalty, and had not been very impressed with Emperor Xianzong's intention to choose Li Weiqi as his heir to seek his opinion, but now he was in a mood, thinking that if he did not know what kind of chaos would be, how many times he would change dynasties, he was angry and wanted to withdraw his army back to Fuchun. The princess cried and begged him to stay, which made Nguyen Hue completely soften his heart, and he felt happier and more important than the newlyweds he had previously refused.
However, after the situation changed drastically, Ruan had the ambition to inflate and hijack emperor Zhaotong in his vain attempt to establish a portal for himself, and Ruan Hui, who had returned to Fuchun with the princess to live a newly married life, once again sent troops north to kill this erwuzai with a previous conviction, and The Li Weiqi family fled north to the Qing Dynasty and hugged Qianlong's thighs, and they were also good at serving in every way to compliment the rescue soldier Sun Shiyi who was eating and drinking spicy in Thang Long, which created the Battle of Qingyue, which then became famous in the eyes of China and the vassal states, and fulfilled his motive for crowning emperor.
Princess Li Yuxin's attitude towards this incident was not very clear, but when talking to Nguyen Hue about Li Weiqi before, he said that he regarded dignity as a trivial person, giving posterity more reasons to despise Li Weiqi or any one of Li Yuxin's "disloyalty and filial piety".
Stills from related movies
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > aftersound after it withdrew from the historical stage</h1>
The image of a soldier training in an animation
For chinese academic circles, the king's attention lies more in his contacts with the Qing Dynasty, and in recent years, many colleges and universities have published papers on the relationship between the two dynasties and the history of Sino-Vietnamese exchanges, but the particularity of the Sai Son Dynasty is that this is the first time since the founding of the Country of Vietnam that the king has met with the son of the suzerainty, and the attitude of the Vietnamese people has also changed from the humiliation and unfairness of the early years to the positive factors of this diplomatic activity objectively.
The author has read a Vietnamese blog that details the entire process from being enthroned to going to Beijing and leaving Beijing, and frankly admits that the king of his country learned the experience of opening up the economy to the future foreign trade of his country in Zhaoqing Yangren Street, Guangdong; looking directly at the hug ceremony as a high-standard receiving tradition for the Manchus rather than bowing down; and the king and the Qing Emperor regarded Qianlong as a teacher in the Book of Kingdom (in early 1790, Nguyen Hui wrote to Qianlong that his mother was sick and looking for ginseng for treatment may delay coming to Beijing. Qianlong generously donated ten pounds of ginseng, and Ruan Hui wrote a couplet of "The subject has a mother and a relative to repay the favor of The Great Creation, and the king is grateful for the master's father's deep wings in Longxia"), won the respect of the Qing court and abolished the tributary system of the dynasties that sent gold as a substitute for the king; at the feast of the Eighty Celebrations in the Yuanmingyuan, he sat with the Qing Emperor, Qianlong also personally accompanied the Vietnamese envoys Wu Huiyan and Pan Huiyi to pour wine, and asked the royal painter to take a souvenir of the king's portrait, especially the series of facts of the hospitality along the way. It is even mentioned that the Envoys had an unpleasant quarrel with the Qing court and then spared no effort to excessively blacken and demonize the society at that time. The poems left by the Vietnamese Emperors along the way were also included in the Vietnamese Han Chinese Yanxing Literature Collection published in China, just like the works of the envoys of various eras.
After the successful completion of the canonization and the establishment of good relations with the Qing court, the next step should be to work hard to govern step by step, and the initial signs seem to be very clear, Nguyen Hue has also fully entered the role of the newly appointed monarch of a country, and has carried out a drastic new policy on agriculture, commerce, education, water conservancy, corruption governance, etc., actively translated all kinds of classics imported from China, and has the advanced consciousness of including science and technology in the imperial examination, and benefited from the qing court's open border trade. He himself has also worked hard to strengthen the study of his country's history and other aspects of knowledge, and at the same time proposed a series of monetary stability policies. With regard to taxation, advance levies (also known as pre-taxes) were abolished, public and private land taxes were reviewed and classified according to annual production levels, with tax brackets distributed according to annual rice production and average annual income of individuals. There are provisions on the money, monetary inventory (property) and specific tax rates for the tax collectors. Those who exceed the rules will be charged with corruption.
Although the prospects seemed to be very good, he seemed to have some crooked thoughts, first wrote to the governor of Yunnan to try to "reclaim" the yunnan territory and was rejected, and then wanted to ask Qianlong for relatives and ask for land in Liangguang as a dowry, and the envoys sent out had unfortunately contracted illness before they arrived in the Forbidden City, and died of illness in July or September 1792, and the short-lived monarchy of less than four years was terminated. The empress poisoning theory originated from some ideologically different groups in South Vietnam, believing that Lđ Đại Đại not only had no love for Nguyễn Hue but also poisoned him out of jealousy because he proposed to the Qing court, but also took the opportunity to hack Nguyen Hue, a proletarian "usurper". The divergence of historical views and values is also a major regional feature of Vietnam.
A memorial hall located in Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh Province
Emperor Qianlong, who had retired to the political arena, also expressed his sadness, accusing the Vietnamese mission, who had only come to report the funeral half a year later, for coming too late, and giving a memorial poem with the phrase "knees are as thick as father and son", and sent Wailang Chenglin, a member of the ceremonial department who had originally enthroned Nguyễn Hue, to Hue again to mourn and supervise whether the ministers had the intention of plotting again.
Temple of Light
At this time, the chosen one in southern Jiading, the young man Nguyen Phuc Anh who fled to Thailand to send people to the fence, can finally take the initiative to attack on the line. The Thuy Son Dynasty was succeeded by Nguyễn Huện's nine-year-old crown prince Nguyễn Quang Huệng, who, at the instigation of a group of powerful courtiers, annexed the territory that Nguyễn Huễn's eldest brother Nguyễn Đại and Nguyễn Huệi had agreed to during his lifetime, and Nguyễn Đại was killed alive by his own son and relegated to a small place in a remote corner (he defected to Nguyen Phuc Anh and was sniped by the Army of Nguyễc). However, according to the missionary records, when Nguyen Hue Fat's wife Pei Shi died earlier, Nguyễn Đại heard the false report that it was Nguyễn Hồi who had died, so he sent an army to unify the regime, and after learning the truth, he turned back in disgrace.
After a series of contradictions such as the monopoly of power and civil and military discord between the brothers and the foreign relatives, the Tay Son Dynasty has been in turmoil, Nguyen Hue's initial series of reform measures have also stagnated and died, and the relationship between Qianlong and the Xi Shan Dynasty during the reign of Jia Qing has not been so close, and does not want to repeat the mistakes of Sun Shiyi in the past, so he has no intention of interfering in Vietnam's internal affairs and ignores the pleas for help from both sides. Only ten years later, Xi Shan Yi was conveniently conquered by Nguyen Phuc Anh, but the Qianjia and Jia dynasties had also done their best to the father and son of Xi Shan, knowing that they had colluded with the Red Flower Society and used South China pirates to rob the coast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Jia Khanh still agreed to Nguyen Quang Mu's request to take refuge in China and sent the governor of Liangguang to the border to meet him.
However, Nguyen Phuc Anh was already sweeping away the Xishan Dynasty Clan, and Nguyễn Quang Was captured by his half-brother Nguyễn Quang Hang, more violently than the prelude to the Qing court's help to destroy Nguyễn Nguyễn. There have been more than one case of the Ming and Qing gangs mediating internal coups and strife in Vietnam, such as Zhu Di's large army suppressing the territory to help Chen Tianping, a descendant of the Chen Dynasty, to requisition the usurped throne of Hu Jiyan, Jiajing using force to make the Mo Dynasty Mo Dengyong father and son submit to Zhennanguan, and Kangxi to make peace between the Zheng Nguyen disputes, which can be described as China's traditional diplomatic skills toward Vietnam.
In the name of revenge, Nguyen Phuc Anh finally lost his shame, frantically venting his shame and anger of being exiled to foreign countries and fly camp dogs for more than twenty years, almost exterminating those associated with the Tay Son Dynasty, poking the coffin of Nguyễn Huện Nguyễn Phúc and Nguyễn Quang Thi's mother, Phuoc Phet, as if they were the mausoleum of their clan at the time, and openly taking ruan Quang Thi and his brothers and sisters between the ages of twelve and sixteen to dismember the corpses with elephants, cutting off the bones of their parents and smashing the corpses into large frames for soldiers to urinate in turn As many as a hundred clans of the Xishan Dynasty were killed, and the indomitable generals and officials who were grateful for Nguyen Hue's former kindness were also tortured and beheaded, and those who had died in battle and died together with the sword were Mo Guanfu, Zheng Qi, Liang Wengeng, Fan Wencai and the remnants of the navy formed by hired Chinese pirates. Zhongwu was whipped alive, and the reclusive Chen Wenji refused to be summoned by the Nguyen Dynasty and committed suicide by throwing himself into the river, and Pan Huiyi was fortunate enough to save his life under the whipping and was released to live for an extra twenty years.
The missionaries at the execution site recorded that the "young King of Sai Son Dynasty" and the Yigan siblings refused the "last lunch" given to them by Lord Nguyen, and the mouth was stuffed with rags between the broken mouths, the king whose legs were ripped off by the elephant kept his eyes fixed on the frame containing the remains of his parents, and the mutilated limbs and severed arms of all the people were dried high for the crows to eat.
After Nguyen Hue's death and his children left the palace to live in seclusion outside Hue, the deceased Li Yuxin was also dug out of the ground, and a navy admiral who had escaped by chance stole the remains of Princess Lê and a pair of children to be buried in other places and built a temple, many years later it was still seized by the Nguyen Dynasty, demolished the temple and thrown the body at the bottom of the river, but was salvaged by the local people and secretly buried again, in order to cover up the construction of a pagoda on it. In recent years, Vietnamese archaeology has found a document two years before the fall of the Thiện Dynasty, and Nguyễn Quang Mui is determined to inherit his father's legacy and open up the way to the people to accept the advice of the people, but in the end he is powerless. Nguyen Hue's foundation collapsed completely.
In the 1940s, a French archaeologist found a large and exquisite lonely tomb on the outskirts of Hue that was badly damaged and the handwriting on the tombstone was also blurred, which was believed to be Nguyen Hue's mausoleum, and the feng shui and style were in line with the imperial style, but this archaeological project is still not progressing, and the place of his burial is still a mystery.
An ancient tomb named "Ba Vanh"
In 2005, a poem written in the early nineteenth century was discovered, and a traveling folk poet surnamed Li was touched when he saw the empty coffin abandoned by the former monarch in the wilderness:
See the coffin in the light
Twenty years of trouble
Such a hero is rare
Handan Wild poison flowed thousands of bones
Lishan disaster in the centennial grave
Emptiness contains thousands of hatreds
Eight feet tall
The condition is generally powdered
It makes people laugh at qin
Around the 1840s, as the Nguyen Dynasty's hunt for the relatives of the Thi San Dynasty and the elimination of traces of the existence of the Thi San Dynasty had become flattened, a long-time grand general of Nguyen Hue's old ministry, Hanoi, sculpted the statue of the old lord sitting on the side of the courtiers, left and right, the military general Wu Van Chu and the Wen Chen Wu Shi Ren, leaving the mark he left for future generations.
The main reference book: The Discovery of the Emperor in Light, by Đỗ Bang, 2006
In the Light: A Historical Perspective by Hoa Bằng, 1944
<The Tay Son Rebellion,historical fictionof eighteenth-century Vietnam> David Lindsay,Jr所著小说，2017年
Main reference: Binh Dinh Provincial Chronicle
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The image comes from the Internet
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