Text/Gu Wu
What is everyone's impression of the word "literati"?
Literati and Confucians feel a little alike, but in the real process, it is easy to distinguish a literati from a Confucian reader.
Because the beliefs held by the two kinds of people are not the same.
Literati believe in their own hearts, and Confucians believe in the truths of others.
【Immersive Poetry】
Today I will tell the story of a literati of the Tang Dynasty.
Du Xunhe, a poet with a distinct personality in the late Tang Dynasty, was a reader. His path as a reader was not smooth, and it could even be said that it was very bumpy, and he went straight to Chang'an with hope again and again in his life, and returned disappointed again and again.
Du Xunhe, who was born in 846 AD, did not pass the entrance examination until 891 AD. The Tang Dynasty officially collapsed in 907, and Du Xunhe, who had just been admitted to the Jinshi, faced such a troubled Twilight Tang Dynasty.
The result was not unexpected, the second year of the official's work, because the situation was too turbulent, unable to stay at ease in office, he decided to return to his homeland and continue to go back to his deep mountains and old forests to live in seclusion.
In the last few years of his life, he ushered in a period of explosion in his career, first being favored by Xuanzhou Tian Fu and sent to Da Liang as an envoy, and then Tian Fu was defeated and died, and he was recommended by Zhu Wen to be awarded the Hanlin Bachelor and the main guest Wailang.
Unfortunately, some people are born without the life of a high official, and before they can wait for arrogance, they can't survive and die of illness. History records that he was "arrogant and easy to insult the gentry, and the people were angry, and they wanted to kill him but did not reach it", which showed the flaws in his character.
Du Xunhe can leave his name in history, more because his poetry is unique and has its own family in the poetry circle of the late Tang Dynasty. The following "Self-Narration" is a short poem that expresses his personal mood. Such poems are generally written in the second half of a life that has been weathered by the wind and frost, and the poet's style has matured, so from this poem, we will easily perceive the attractive parts of Du Xunhe's personality, let's take a look.
【Classic original text】
Autobiography
Du Xunhe (Tang Dynasty)
The wine urn book accompanies the sick, familiar with current affairs and is happy to be poor.
Ning is a cosmic idle bard, afraid of being a dry thief.
The poem has not forgotten the rescue, and the world's love is not true.
Ordinary life is speechless, white-haired Wu Tang Yiyi people.
【Article Analysis】
This is a very typical and typical literati poem, whether it is the choice of imagery or the shaping of the artistic conception, it has a strong literary popularity.
In the first sentence of the "Wine Urn Qin Book", ordinary people and officials like to drink, Confucians like to read sage books, most of the people who like to play the piano are literati, and the collection of poetry and wine in one, naturally belongs to the literati.
The second sentence is an expression of a state of life: "Familiar with current affairs is happy to be poor."
I know how to live in this world of great wealth, and I know many truths about how to behave in the world. But I was reluctant to do it, and it was "undignified" to do so, so I was willing to be poor.
A few days ago, the "Strange Story" talked about whether to invite the child's teacher to dinner, and the story told by Professor Liu Qing particularly resonated with me. A father, his son did not get good grades, friends advised him to invite the teacher to eat a meal, give some gifts or something, but he did not go, he said that it was not decent. This unseemly is not to say that the father will feel ashamed, but he wants to set an example for his own children, if he can go through the back door for his son, will the son grow up to be involved in drilling?
Since ancient times, China has been a society of human feelings, and many things can be accomplished by relying on human feelings. However, the use of human feelings must have a degree, and there must be a scale in the heart, and this attitude of being willing to be poor and lowly is the most precious heirloom of a family.
The next two sentences explain that I would rather be an idle bard in the idle universe than those who eat vegetarian food under lang lang.
The next two sentences turn sharply, saying that they are only forced to be idle bards. Born in the late Tang Dynasty, the dark court, the turbulent society, the poet himself could not hold back the tide of the times, he wrote those unfulfilled ambitions in the poem, "the poetry has not forgotten the salvation of things", the poem is the voice of the heart, the poem is not forgotten, and the heart is naturally not forgotten. It is a pity that this society cannot tolerate itself, cannot tolerate sincerity and truthfulness.
So he had to live in seclusion in the mountains, and his heartfelt words could only be hidden in his heart, and no one could tell.
No one is telling, so why bother? Already white-haired, he was at ease as a hermit, singing and screaming for the rest of his life, keeping a pure son Danxin and offering a bouquet of flowers for the funeral of the Tang Dynasty in the near future.