From the 1950s to the 1970s, although the mainland also had the slogan "We must liberate Taiwan," in fact most of its military strength was mainly deployed in the north, part of it was used to fight the Korean War, and some of it was used to deal with even more terrible polar bears, and it was Chiang Kai-shek who really shouted to cross the sea to attack and actively put it into practice.
Based on the land of Taiwan's projectiles, to achieve a "counter-offensive on the mainland", just like Georgia wants to swallow Russia, how to see it is very slim, but Chiang Kai-shek has been fighting for it for the rest of his life.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" >, Eager to try, Chiang Kai-shek constantly put pressure on the United States and tested it</h1>
After Chiang Kai-shek's defeat of Taiwan, he has always paid special attention to the political and economic development of the mainland, and the slightest sign of turmoil on the mainland has set off a wave of counter-offensives against the mainland.
In the early 1960s, the mainland suffered three consecutive years of natural disasters, the treachery of the Soviet Union's "big brother" and the Sino-Indian border conflict, a series of internal and external troubles, natural disasters and man-made disasters, so that the national economy encountered unprecedented difficulties.
In this regard, Chiang Kai-shek seems to have seen the spark of "liberating the mainland" and once again germinated a dream that he was about to extinguish: Thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi, this is God helping me, the time has come to restore the mainland!
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek personally held several high-level military meetings, mobilized capable generals, and arranged for the formulation of a large and meticulous "Xuguang Battle Plan."
To this end, the Taiwan authorities have purchased a large number of new weapons.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek was anxious to launch a public opinion offensive against the United States, hoping to get a response and support from the United States, but due to various reasons, the US Government did not make a clear statement of reply, which made Chiang Kai-shek very unhappy in his heart.
After the assassination of President Kennedy, Johnson came to power and Chiang Kai-shek prepared to act again.
At this time, the United States was waging war against Vietnam, and Chiang Kai-shek wanted to use this war to drag the United States into a cross-strait conflict. As a result, Taiwan has been pressuring the United States to strongly demand that the new administration support their "future of the Republic of China."
Of course, the United States is well aware of Chiang Kai-shek's wishful thinking and has a sober assessment of Taiwan's military capability to counter-attack the mainland. However, Rusk euphemistically blocked Chiang Kai-shek's "creative" proposal.
He held that without the support of other countries, especially the full support of the United States, Taiwan will never be able to gain a military foothold on the mainland. But once the United States intervenes, there is no way not to use the military, and possibly even nuclear weapons, and Khrushchev will not stand idly by. In this way, the entire Northern Hemisphere will inevitably fall into war again.
Cabot then said: "Under the current circumstances, the United States will never support Chiang Kai-shek's offensive Chinese mainland, and if Chiang Kai-shek insists on taking action, our two families will unite to stop him." ”
Later, Kennedy also issued a statement at the press conference: "If the Nationalist army takes military action against the mainland, it is tantamount to suicide." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > second, ambitious, but forced by the United States to give up military aid and bow to the current situation</h1>
On July 31, 1950, Chiang Kai-shek was very angry when he received a letter from Lan Qin unceremoniously pointing out that he wanted to cancel conscription.
He complained loudly in his office, "Bastards, these Americans are all bastards, and we are not recruiting new recruits on your American territory, why are we interfering so much?" ”
On August 2, when Chiang Kai-shek summoned his close confidant, Huang Shaogu, a member of the "Executive Yuan, and secretary general," he complained again about the matter, saying that the United States had gone too far in building a "successful army" in Taiwan and was an absolute interference in the internal affairs of the Kuomintang.
Huang Shaogu suggested to Chiang Kai-shek that although the US approach is inappropriate, Taiwan cannot afford to leave the United States for the time being, nor can it offend the United States. In order to deal with this matter, you can find someone to have a meeting to discuss how to deal with it.
Chiang Kai-shek thought carefully, at that time, Taiwan was in an unfavorable situation, and if it offended the Americans, who would protect the "Republic of China"? Then he immediately informed Chen Cheng, Zhou Zhirou, Yan Jiagan, Ye Gongchao, Zhang Qun, and other dignitaries to go to the "Presidential Palace" for a meeting.
At the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek read through Lan Qin's letter to him and asked for everyone's opinion.
Zhang Qun said that with Americans here, there will definitely be more trouble in the future. On the issue of conscripting troops to build a "successful army," it is best to euphemistically explain Taiwan's position to the United States.
In his speech, Chen Cheng suggested that the number of conscripts could be reduced and the name "successful army" could be abandoned to quell U.S. discontent.
After the adjournment of the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek made some adjustments to the conscription policy, reducing the number of new recruits by 3,000 and reducing the number of Taiwanese officers in the army headquarters training corps and training regiments to about 5,000, thus forming a "successful army."
Although Taiwan made big concessions, the US "embassy" and the US advisory group still insisted that the changes made by Chiang Kai-shek were not enough, and demanded that the Taiwan authorities stop conscription and further reduce the number of conscripts.
Under the repeated intervention of the United States, Chiang Kai-shek once again decided to reduce some of the troop strength, and the number of new recruits in Taiwan was reduced by another 1500.
Recruits were not conscripted into their own army, but were assigned to the old army. Finally, the plan to form a "Success Army" was finally foiled.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > third, self-pleading, Jiang ordered the outer islands to increase troops, causing the United States to sigh</h1>
Eisenhower sent Dulles to sign a "Mutual Defense Pact" with Chiang kai-shek in December 1954, on the one hand, to defend Taiwan militarily, and on the other hand, to prevent Chiang Kai-shek from attacking the mainland.
And "tethering Chiang Kai-shek" means not being dragged into the water by Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek accepted The Protection of the United States and could only reluctantly admit that there was no hope of a counter-offensive. Although Chiang still said in his mouth, "The mainland is an inseparable part of the Republic of China," he could not even touch the edge without the help of the Americans.
Of course, Chiang Kai-shek will not give up like this, the anti-communist enthusiasm in the United States is still high, and the Cold War is getting worse and worse. If the world changes, he still has hope of fighting back against the mainland, especially at a time when U.S. troops are mostly at war.
Once a big war is fought and the mainland's counterattack is won, even if Lao Mei wants to escape, she will be involuntary. Eisenhower, of course, saw this move and asked Chiang to reduce the army of the Golden Horse, but Chiang refused to consider it.
But lao Mei is not a fool after all, and there are different criticisms in public opinion, hoping that the Kinmen truce will be demobilized. Chiang Kai-shek categorically refused to reduce his forces on the outer islands as a sign of his displeasure.
What he was most unhappy about was that his hope of trapping Lao Mei in order to "counterattack the mainland" would again be disappointed. U.S. Secretary of State Dulles has made it clear that he will not support or tolerate Chiang's offensive Chinese mainland.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" >, desperate bet, Chiang Kai-shek thought he was the perfect plan, which was denied by the United States</h1>
Chiang Kai-shek's idea of "counter-attacking the mainland" was to make a massive landing off the coast of Guangdong, cut off the main link between the mainland and the Viet Cong, and occupy Guangdong to share the burden of the United States fighting in Vietnam.
In a later report, Klein recalled that Chiang Kai-shek had a similar plan as early as 1963, but that it was much more ambitious.
This was to deploy the elite of the entire army, navy and air force, with a total of 538,000 people landing on the coast of Guangdong on a large scale. The plan was so desperate that senior officials on both sides had carefully considered it before.
It was concluded that the plan was seriously inadequate in a number of key areas.
For example, the Nationalist amphibious combat transport was inadequate, lacked trained landing ship personnel, and of course, all of this had to be provided by the United States.
In addition, the aircraft used by the Kuomintang to provide air protection were not enough, and even if the United States provided military equipment, the Kuomintang side did not have corresponding professional flight personnel.
Even these deficiencies could be remedied, and senior U.S. officials argued that while Nationalist troops could land along the coast of Guangdong and take control of Shantou, nationalist forces would not be able to achieve their intended goals without the involvement of U.S. troops.
In addition, once the Kuomintang army encountered resistance, it was also a question of how long the morale of the Kuomintang army could be maintained. About 85 percent of the soldiers on the front line were born in Taiwan, who had little enthusiasm for the "counter-offensive" and may soon lose their will to fight.
The Plaster is well-trained and religious. Therefore, when Chiang Kai-shek mentioned the old matter again in 1965, Klein's judgment was that without the material support and military intervention of the United States, and chiang kai-shek did it alone, the chances of success were very small.
The Kuomintang Air Force could provide only a minimum degree of air protection for troops landing on the east coast of Guangdong, and in the south of Shantou, the Air Force could only provide intermittent support.
Intelligence shows that the Communists have already deployed heavy troops in this area, and if the Kuomintang insists on landing, it will certainly be hit hard.
But compared to the Kuomintang, the PLA has closer military bases, more air support and more material support.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12> five, all thoughts are gray, Nixon made Jiang completely desperate</h1>
After that, Chiang Kai-shek never had the opportunity to create an incident on the outer islands, infiltrated the US army, and helped him counterattack the mainland.
The Chinese Communist Party successfully launched the atomic bomb in 1964, making U.S. intervention less likely, and even the nuclear threat could no longer be exported. A counter-offensive would not have been possible without the support of the United States, and it would have been impossible to counterattack without the permission of the United States.
At this time, the United States is sinking deeper and deeper into the quagmire of Vietnam, and they do not want to create trouble in the Taiwan Strait. Of course, Chiang Kai-shek also wanted to participate in the Vietnam War.
He ordered Chiang Ching-kuo, then "defense minister," to ask him when he visited the United States. He knew that the United States could not accept this kind of "goodwill," but he still wanted to ask, which showed that he wanted to participate in the international anti-communist war very urgently.
What Chiang Kai-shek did not expect was that he would eventually be "betrayed" by Republican anti-communist leader Richard Nixon. Although nixon was anti-communist, he was also a realist politician.
In 1972, the strategist Henry Kissinger came to Beijing under the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and the stalemate of the Vietnam War, and the US president had a glass of wine with Zhou Enlai in the Great Hall of the People and a secret conversation with Mao Zedong in Zhongnanhai's study.
At this time when the general trend was gone, Chiang Kai-shek was already in his twilight years.
Weng Yuan, an aide-de-camp next to Jiang's father and son, dictated that when Jiang was unconscious, his mouth was still constantly chanting: "'Counter-attack the mainland'... "Rescue my compatriots"... "Counterattack on the mainland"...", and even when he died, he was still mourning in despair.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="14" > conclusion:</h1>
The US policy toward the Taiwan issue is still based on the calculation of interests based on reality.
The best the United States can offer Taiwan is an "uncertain friendship." As long as China stands firm, there is no hope for Taiwan's independence.
Some people in the United States believe that if there is a military conflict between China and the United States now, Sino-US relations will go back 30 years, that is, to return to the Nixon era again. At that time, it was Nixon and Kissinger who came to Visit China, and it was the Americans themselves who corrected the unrealistic policies that had been imposed on China for a long time, and history was the best teacher.