"Make Wu'an Hou in the presence, clan!"
Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty was furious with Tian Jiezhi, "If Marquis Wu'an were still alive, the sin would be exterminated!" ”
"Marquis Tian of Wu'an, half-brother of Xiao Jinghou", "Empress Xiaojing" was the empress dowager of the Han Jing Emperor, that is, the biological mother of Emperor Wu of Han, and "the same mother brother" referred to tian feng and Wang Jie who were raised by a mother. From the perspective of generations, Tian Yu is Liu Che's maternal uncle.
Tian Feng and Wang Jie have different surnames, how can it be a sister-brother relationship? This question again involved Emperor Wu of Han's grandmother, that is, Wang's mother-in-law, Madam Zang'er.
In the "Family of Foreign Relatives", it is said, "Zang Er married the wife of King Zhong of Huaili, gave birth to a male Yuexin, and gave birth to two daughters. And Zhong died, Zang Er married the Changling Tian clan, gave birth to male aphids, and won. In short, Zang Er first married Wang Zhong, who gave birth to Wang Xin, and had two daughters," namely Wang Jie and Wang Erjie. After Wang Zhong's death, the widowed Zang Er married a man with the surname of Changling Tian and gave birth to Tian Jie and Tian Sheng.
Speaking of Tian Jie's death, Sima Qian's record is a bit bizarre.
"Qichun, Wu'an Hou Disease, specially called to apologize for sins", "Qichun" refers to the spring of the fifth year of Yuanguang, that is, 130 BC. In the spring of this year, Wu Anhou fell ill insanely, and his mouth was always muttering, shouting and thanking him for his sins.
The general doctor of Wu Anhou's illness was helpless, so he hired a senior "clairvoyant" to "make the witch-eyed ghost-eyed" and let the wizard who could see the ghost diagnose his illness.
Field aphid statue.
"Seeing Wei Qi and Shufu guarding together, and wanting to kill him", the wizard saw Wei Qihou and Shufu guarding Wu'an Hou and wanted to kill him. Wei Qihou and Shufu had been executed a few months ago, so what the wizard saw was not a person, but a ghost!
Wu Anhou was strangely ill, was he mentally stimulated by the deaths of Wei Qi and Shufu, or was he pretending to be crazy and stupid? And who invited the wizard? Are wizards commissioned? Sima Qiandu has not been clarified, which seems to have become a historical mystery.
However, the wizard's conclusion crushed Wu Anhou, and the "perspective expert" was only responsible for diagnosis but did not issue a "ghost hunting" plan, so Wu Anhou eventually died. Sima Qian used two words here—"actually dead." Is it sarcasm, or is it schadenfreude?
Seven or eight years after Tian Jie's death, seven or eight years after the death of Liu An, the king of Huainan, why would Emperor Wu of Han be so resentful of Tian Feng?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Tian Feng stood in line with Liu An, the king of Huainan</h1>
In the "Biography of Dou Infant Tian Qiao Lie", there is such a sentence, "(Huainan) Wang Qian dynasty, Wu'an Marquis was a lieutenant, when the king was the supreme hegemon"; and a similar sentence appeared in the "Biography of the King of Huainan", "And in the second year of Jianyuan, the king of Huainan entered the dynasty." Marquis Of Sushan Wu'an (武安侯), marquis of Wu'an (武安侯) was a lieutenant (太尉), who was a rebel king."
In these two sentences, "Chao" greeted the Son of Heaven for the spring; Tian Yi was probably the first year of Jianyuan, that is, Liu Che had just ascended the throne and removed Wei Qicheng from the post of Wei Qixiang, while the newly created post of Taiwei was created; "reverse" and "ying" had the same meaning, both were greeting; "hegemony", in the east of present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
These two sentences expressed a meaning: Liu An, the king of Huainan, had a good relationship with the Marquis of Wu'an, and in the spring of the second year of Jianyuan, Liu An entered the capital to worship the emperor, and Tian Yu took the initiative to go to Bashang to greet him.
Then, Sima Qian recorded the chat content of the two people during the greeting process.
"There is no prince on the top, the most virtuous of the great kings, the grandchildren of Gao, that is, the palace car Yan driving, who is not the great king?" - "History of the Chronicles of the 47th Dou Infant Tian Tian Qiu Shufu"
"Fang Jinshang has no prince, the grand prince Gao Emperor Sun, the act of benevolence and righteousness, the world is not unheard, that is, the palace car is driven in one day, and the non-great king is the one who establishes!" - "History of the Fifty-eighth Li King of Huainan, King An of Huainan, King of Hengshan"
"Jianyuan" is the first era name of Emperor Wu of Han, "Jianyuan Second Year" is 139 BC; "Emperor Gao" and "Gao Zu" both refer to Liu Bang, and Liu An is the eldest son of Liu Bang's seventh son, Liu Chang, that is, Liu Bang's grandson; "i.e." is interpreted as if; "Gongche Yan Driving" euphemistically describes the sudden death of the emperor.
On the question of "no prince". Sima Qian made it clear that "Emperor Wu took the throne at the beginning of his reign and was childless at the age of several years", and Liu Che took the throne at the age of sixteen and had no children for many years. Emperor Wu of Han had no heirs at the beginning of his reign, and compared with the "Family of Foreign Relatives" and the "Biography of Wei Qinglie", Sima Qian explained the origin of the matter more clearly.
When Liu Che was crown prince, he married Chen Ajiao, the daughter of the eldest princess Liu Jiao (Liu Che's aunt), but Chen Ajiao did not have children from the crown princess to the empress. "Empress Chen begged for a son, and the medical money was ninety million, but there was no child", Empress Chen had no fertility and went around seeking medical treatment, spending about ninety million, and finally failed to give birth to a man and a half woman.
Portrait of Emperor Wu of Han.
"In the spring of the second year of Jianyuan, (Wei) Qing's sister Zifu had to enter the palace and was fortunate to be on the palace", that is, in the spring of 139 BC, Wei Qing's sister Wei Zifu entered the palace and was favored by the emperor. "After entering the palace for more than a year, I was not lucky", but I was not favored by Emperor Wu of Han for more than a year.
At this time, Emperor Wu of Han was very young, because he had no heirs for the time being, so how could he let Tian Yu and Liu An have illusions?
Sima Qian rarely repeats it, and once it is repeated, it has a deep intention. There were at least two questions about this: First, why did Tian Yu, as a lieutenant, expect the emperor's nephew to die? Second, how could Tian Yu hope that Liu An, the king of Huainan, would become his successor?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the change of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ended without any problems</h1>
There are few clues provided in the Benji of Emperor Wu, and most of the content is related to the worship of ghosts and gods in Fengchan. However, through the horizontal comparison of the family and the lineage, the reason for the change in the position of tian yi is found.
"In the first year of the Jianyuan Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Han embarked on personnel reform after he took the throne, and removed Wei Xuan from his position as chancellor. Also exempted were Yushi Dafu Zhibu and Langzhong Ling Zhou Wen (名仁). "In the first year of Emperor Wu's founding, (zhi does not doubt) and Xiang Xiang were spared"; "Emperor Wu li, thinking that he was the first emperor's subject, was heavy." (Zhou Wen) Ren Nai is exempt from illness".
The so-called "illness exemption" and "excessive exemption" are actually high-sounding reasons. The difference between the before and after expressions recorded by Sima Qian is too great, not that he is not clear, but deliberately guides everyone to pay attention.
For example, in the "Biography of Shi Fenwei", "In the first year of the jianyuan Dynasty, (Wei Xian) was considered incompetent because during the illness of Emperor Jing, the officials and prisoners were mostly unworthy, but the king did not hold office", Wei Xian was considered incompetent because during the illness of Emperor Jing of Han, many of the officials and subordinate prisoners were innocent and guilty. This is obviously different from the expression in the "Biography of Dou Infant Tian Tian", which states that "Xiang Xiang is exempt from illness". Moreover, there are innocent prisoners who have been wronged, and according to their duties, they should be held accountable to the court lieutenant, not the minister.
Therefore, I believe that the real reason is "upward Confucianism, recruiting talents", and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was inclined to (or advocated) Confucianism, and wanted to recruit talents. And Wei Xuan was "mellow and respectful without him", and he did not doubt that he "learned LaoZi's words", and Zhou Wen "had nothing to say", they were all old ministers of the Han Jing Emperor who "ruled without doing anything", and did not conform to the young and enterprising Emperor Wu of Han.
Emperor Wu of han's initial succession intended to change.
Emperor Wu of Han considered arranging new candidates for the chancellor and lieutenant. Through the operation of Empress Dowager Wang, Tian Yu "made Wei Qihou the Prince of Qi, and Marquis Wu'an the Prince of Wu'an the Prince of Taiwei" (太尉). "Wei Qi and Wu An were good at Confucianism" and Emperor Wu of Han had similar "interests", so the two of them "pushed Zhao Qi to be the Imperial Shi Dafu and Wang Zang to Be Lang Zhongling".
From Liu Bang Jianhan to the rule of Wenjing, he basically practiced the Taoist "inaction". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "took literature as the secretary of state" and gathered a group of literary Confucians as public secretaries, and the intention of this was obvious - change, "wanting to discuss the south of the ancient Ming Dynasty, to the princes of the dynasty".
However, this change ended in vain, and "all that has been done is abolished".
Any change will touch interests, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is no exception.
"Empress Dowager Dou cures Huang Laoyan, not good Confucianism", Empress Dou specializes in Huang Lao's scholarship and does not like Confucianism. "Let people slightly serve Zhao Xuan and other treacherous things, and summon the case of Zhao, Zang, and Zang to commit suicide." Therefore, Empress Dowager Dou sent people to privately collect and investigate the illegal things that Zhao Xuan and others had done, and summoned officials to try Zhao Xuan and Wang Zang, who were forced to commit suicide.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Empress Dowager Dou to replace the Confucian bureaucracy</h1>
"Wei Qi, Wu An, Zhao Xuan, Wang Zang, and others pushed Confucianism and demeaned Daoist dialects", dou infants, Tian Feng, etc. devoted themselves to exalting Confucianism and demeaning Taoist doctrine. That is to say, Emperor Wu of Han's reform advocated Confucianism, which was contrary to Empress Dou's belief in "doing nothing".
This is not just a controversy in academic research, but a conflict of governing ideas.
"It was Empress Dowager Dou who did not like Wei Qi and others", because this Empress Dowager Dou was even less fond of Dou Baby and others. "In the second year of Jianyuan, the imperial master Zhao Xuan asked the Eastern Palace to do nothing", and in the second year of Jianyuan, Zhao Xuan asked Emperor Wu of Han not to report everything to Empress Dowager Dou of the Eastern Palace, that is, not to obey the judgment of Empress Dowager Dou of the Eastern Palace.
Zhao Xuan's suggestion was equivalent to allowing Emperor Wu of Han to handle government affairs independently and was no longer at the mercy of Empress Dowager Dou. This was tantamount to depriving Empress Dou of her "title system" (exercising the power of the emperor).
The most ruthless imperial family, in the face of power, affection has no weight.
"Empress Dowager Dou was furious, but she expelled Zhao Xuan, Wang Zang, and so on, and spared Zhao Xiang and Tai Wei", and Empress Dou was furious, and let the Confucian team organized by Emperor Wu of Han go to the end, and all the ministers, Yu Shi Dafu, Tai Wei, and Lang Zhongling were replaced.
Is this change of Emperor Wu of Han and Empress Dou's change of Chancellor, Taiwei, Yushi Dafu, and Lang Zhongling just a contradiction between Empress Dou and Dou Bao and Tian Jie? There should also be a conflict between Empress Dou and the grandsons of Emperor Wu of Han in the struggle for power.
Of course, the removal of a number of officials also proved Empress Dou's ability to control the emperor's power.
All this made Tian Yu have illusions, thinking that Empress Dou would change the emperor.
Liu An studied Taoism with great thought.
Looking at Liu An, his father Liu Chang was the son of Liu Bang, but he was exiled by Emperor Wen of Han because of the plot. "Always resentful of the death of King Li, always wanting to rebel", Liu An often resented Liu Chang's death, and always wanted to rebel against the imperial court, but there was no suitable opportunity and excuse, "there was no reason".
"It is good to read the drum and piano for people, and does not like to ride on the hounds and horses", judging from the book "Huainanzi", Liu An specialized in Taoism, otherwise he would not have invented a by-product - tofu when refining Dan. Liu An did this only to vote for "qi", because Empress Dou liked Huang Lao's words.
"I also want to do yin virtue to caress the people and spread the reputation of the world", accumulate yin virtue, do good deeds to appease the people, and spread the good name throughout the world. "Stream of reputation" should be deliberately done by Liu An, who is good at hype in today's words.
From this, it can be clear why Tian Yu pleased Liu An, the king of Huainan. "The king of Huainan is very happy, and he has left a lot of money and treasure", Tian Yu said nice things to Liu An not only for bribes.
Tian Yu found that the contradictions between Empress Dou and Emperor Wu of Han were fierce, and thought that Emperor Wu of Han would be deposed and replaced by someone else. This may have created an opportunity for "rebellion" for Liu An, who was "famous all over the world", so when Liu An went to Chang'an to invite Emperor Wu of Han, Tian Yu took the initiative to greet him and said this rebellious word. After all, things are relatively private, so Tian Yu's rebellious remarks have not been discovered.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Tian Tian again enabled Ren Cheng Xiang</h1>
"In the sixth year of Jianyuan, Dou Lord collapsed", in 135 BC, Empress Dou died, and Emperor Wu of Han once again took control of the imperial government. Empress Dowager Dou's chancellor Xu Chang and Imperial Physician Zhuang Qingzhai were dismissed from their posts because they "sat on funerals and did not do anything." In fact, Emperor Wudi of Han did not want these two people to do it, and as for the disadvantage of handling the funeral for Empress Dou, it was just an excuse.
Tian Yu returned to the political arena, but this time it was also the beginning of his demise.
"With Marquis Wu'an as the Prime Minister, and Han Anguo as the Imperial Master", why should han Anguo be emphasized in the "Biography of Dou Infant Tian Tian"? This matter involved Tian Qiao selling officials and lords, and his greed was incessant.
"Recommend people or start up to two thousand stones, and the power is transferred to the lord", some of the people recommended by Tian Yu were suddenly promoted from idle residence to two thousand stones, transferring the power of Emperor Wu of Han to his own hands. "The power to move the lord" Tian Yu is clearly seeking his own death.
In the "Biography of Han An Guo", it is clear that "An Guo was left behind with five hundred gold objects". Therefore, through Empress Wang, Tian Yu promoted Han Anguo, who was idle at home, to the rank of Governor of the Northern Lands, and then to the rank of Grand Si Nong.
"The king has finished his work!" I also want to get rid of the officials. In the end, Emperor Wu of Han was intolerant, "Has the official you want to appoint already been appointed?" He also wanted to appoint a few officials. ”
Regarding "wu'an is becoming more and more horizontal", "horizontal" can be interpreted as both arrogance and arbitrariness. Tian Yue did not idle after being dismissed from office in the second year of Jianyuan, "although he did not hold office, because of Empress Wang's death, he was fortunate to say that many words and things worked", because of Empress Wang's sake, he was still favored and believed, and many times discussed political affairs, and most of the suggestions were effective.
In order to expand the residence, Tian Jie once asked to give him the territory of the Examination Office and "try to invite the Examination Site to benefit the house", but he was unexpectedly rejected by Emperor Wu of Han, and reprimanded him for not taking the arsenal away, "Why don't you take the arsenal". In the end, the Tian Yu residence belonged to the first among the noble residences of Chang'an, "Zhi Zhai Jia ZhuDi".
Tian Feng is extremely luxurious and has a corrupt life. The field manor is very fertile; the people sent to the counties to buy utensils are endless on the avenue. Moreover, the front hall is swinging with bells and drums, the crank banner is erected, and there are hundreds of beautiful women in the back room. The princes bribed "the golden jade dogs and horses played innumerable".
Tian Jie also has cases of corruption and perverting the law. "Xiang Xiang tasted the envoy Fu and asked Wei Qihou Chengnantian", Tian Yi once sent a guest from Wei Qihou Dou Bao to ask For a field south of the city. In the early years, Tian Yu served Dou Bao, "serving wine to Wei Qi, kneeling up like a son", pouring wine like a third grandson, and now although he nominally sent a doorman to "please" - in fact, he just demanded it by power.
Dou Baby's temper was relatively stubborn, and he scolded Qifu and refused. Tian Feng said a sentence to Ji Fu to prove that he had perverted the law, "Wei Qizi tasted to kill people, and the worms lived", Dou Baby's son once committed a murder, and Tian Feng saved Dou Baby's son. After all, the cool official Zhang Tang was recommended by Tian Jie.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the hatred of Emperor Wu of Han gritting his teeth</h1>
Whether it was deposing or becoming a chancellor, Tian Yu spoke well next to the emperor, and this sign attracted many people. "All the officials in the world who tend to power, all go to Wei Qi and return to Wu'an", the officials and scholars in the world who tend to be inflamed and subordinate to the world all left Dou Bao and attached themselves to Tian Feng.
This made Tian Yu even more villainous and arrogant.
Whether it is arrogance, selling officials, or greed for money, or perverting the law, these are certainly disgusting, but they are still not hated by Emperor Wu of Han, but recruiting talented people is an act against the scales.
"Since Wei Qi and Wu An were thick guests, Tianzi often cut his teeth." In the Biography of Wei Qing, Sima Qian quoted Su Jian's words in his comments, revealing the reason why Wei Qing did not keep a doorman, and of course indirectly pointed out that Emperor Wu of Han hated Dou Bao and Tian Qiao and gritted his teeth.
"Filial piety, the same day the prince li, the title system, the town of Fu many Tian Feng guests strategy", when Emperor Wu of Han ascended the throne, here "weighing system" (exercising the power of the emperor) should be the empress dowager, so the Tian Feng offering plan was mostly adopted.
However, Tian Yu's power desire was smoked and he was still not satisfied. In order to compete for the position of chancellor, "humble guests, enter the homes of celebrities and nobles", be humble and courteous to guests, and make the celebrities who live at home honorable, but only for the purpose of "wanting to pour (overwhelm) Wei Qi's generals".
This point of tian yi is obviously not as low-key as Wei Qing.
"He who is close to the scholar and the doctor, the one who recruits the wise and the unscrupulous, and the handle of the lord of the people", those things that are close to and appease the scholar and the doctor, the recruitment of the wise and the talented, and the deposing of the unscrupulous are all the power of the emperor. Wei Qing realized the cause of death of Dou Bao and Tian Jie, so he only wanted to abide by the law and do his own thing well, rather than soliciting doormen.
Whether it is Dou Bao, tian jie, and Wei Qing, they all have a common identity - foreign relatives.
Foreign relatives can be both power assistants and sometimes power contenders. Power, in front of the father and son, grandparents and grandchildren have no weight, let alone foreign relatives.
Therefore, when the contradiction between Dou Infant and Tian Yu was irreconcilable, Emperor Wudi of Han sat idly in the Eastern Palace to watch the sandpipers compete with each other, and reaped the benefits of both defeats and injuries. In the end, Dou Fu was sentenced to death, Dou Bao was sentenced to "abandoning the city", and Tian Yu went crazy.
From the early days of the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the powerful foreign forces were dissolved, and the power of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was truly in his own hands.
A glass of wine sparked a fight between two foreign forces.
Through the above, you will find that Tian Will die without a doubt, but Emperor Wu of Han borrowed Dou Bao to fight with Tian Fei and skillfully handled the two factions of foreign forces.
Sima Qian, as a contemporary historian of Emperor Wu of Han, many questions could not be written in a straight letter, and he had already been punished by the palace, so he had to lose his head, so the "Benji of Emperor Wudi of Han" was obviously different from other benji.
Of course, through horizontal comparison, we find clues from the character experiences to understand how Sima Qian evaluated Emperor Wu of Han. This is where the "Records of History" can be read, and it is also the wisdom of Sima Qian.