In September 1933, the South Manchurian guerrillas led by Yang Jingyu and Li Hongguang were reorganized into the Independent First Division of the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, operating in Panshi, Hailong, Dongfeng, Xifeng, Huinan, Tonghua, Liuhe, Kuandian, Huan (huán) Ren, Maojiang (present-day Jingyu), Fusong and other counties. Relying on the mountainous areas, these guerrilla units broke into pieces, carried out guerrilla warfare, ambushed Japanese and puppet army "crusade" teams, and attacked railway traffic, making the enemy restless and exhausted. Then, as a joint general of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Resistance, what kind of legendary life does General Yang Jingyu have!
1. Henan people from the Northeast Anti-Japanese League
Yang Jingyu (1905-1940)
Yang Jingyu (February 1905 – February 23, 1940), male, Chinese, formerly known as Ma Shangde, Zi Jisheng, a native of Liwan Village, Qishan County, Henan Province, an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China, a proletarian revolutionary, a military expert, a famous anti-Japanese national hero, one of the founders of the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District and its Red Army, and one of the main founders and leaders of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army.
Former residence of Yang Jingyu
Second, the interesting story of Changing the name of Yang Jingyu from Ma Shangde
As for the reason why Ma Shangde changed his name to Yang Jingyu, Ma Jimin, Yang Jingyu's grandson, once wrote an article to explain:
In 1932, the higher-level party organization sent Yang Diankun to Jilin to form a team to carry out the anti-Japanese struggle, Yang Diankun was injured and returned to Harbin for treatment, and her grandfather was ordered to take over her work. Grandpa rushed to the Jilin Rock and took on the burden of acting political commissar of the guerrillas. Out of the need to stabilize the mood of the troops and consolidate the mass base, the "Zhang Dazi" from the province (General Yang Jingyu was 1 meter 93 tall, which was very rare in China in that era)", during which he not only acted as the former political commissar, but also acted as the surname of the former political commissar - changed his surname to Yang. Therefore, the guerrillas called him Commissar Yang.
One day, when Li Honghai, chief of staff, shouted "Commissar Yang, Commissar Yang" from outside the door, Grandpa suddenly felt from his sense of hearing that the pronunciation of "Commissar Yang" in Korean was very similar to the pronunciation of "Yang Jingyu" in Chinese, and this name was good -- Yang Jingyu, "Jingyu" means to pacify the chaotic state, and now the northeast is in the era of war and chaos during the Japanese invasion and the destruction of life, is it not necessary to raise the banner of resisting Japan and saving the country and stabilizing The Inner Region! He patted the chief of staff on the shoulder and said, "Thank you for sending me a meaningful name, and my name will be Yang Jingyu from now on!" Since then, the resounding name of "Yang Jingyu", together with the anti-Japanese guerrilla war in northeast China, has experienced hardships and setbacks, grown up in battle, and glorified in the fires of war.
3. Heroic sacrifice
General Yang Jingyu united all the anti-Japanese armed forces and created a guerrilla base area centered on the Hongshi Pin (lá) in Panshi County. Subsequently, Yang Jingyu joined forces with these anti-Japanese volunteer troops and mountain forest teams to launch battles such as besieging Daxingchuan, capturing the town of Yingchengzi in Yitong County, attacking Badaohezi, destroying the Jihai Railway, and attacking Dongjichangzi, so that the anti-Japanese troops gradually united around the guerrillas, and then demanded organizational unity. In this form, in July 1933, the Joint Staff of the Anti-Japanese Army was established. Yang Jingyu served as political commissar. On February 21, 1934, in the mountains and forests near the Sanchazi City Wall in Linjiang County, Yang Jingyu and the leaders of 16 other anti-Japanese troops jointly discussed the establishment of the General Headquarters of the Anti-Japanese Coalition Army. Yang Jingyu was promoted to commander-in-chief.
On November 5, 1938, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Enlarged Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a telegram of tribute to "the commanders, soldiers, and political workers of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army who were transferred to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army," highly praising the anti-Japanese Coalition Army that was active in the northeast region, calling its heroic struggle "a model of not being afraid of hardships and hardships for more than seven years in the ice and snow and circling the enemy."
Under the cordial care and encouragement of the PARTY Central Committee, the First Route Army of the Anti-Japanese Coalition moved to the Changbai Mountains from the winter of 1938 to the spring of 1939, fought jointly with the Second Route Army, broke through the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" on many occasions, and constantly attacked enemy strongholds and destroyed enemy facilities, thus giving a great blow and deterrent to the Japanese puppet army. In the winter of 1939, he organized the anti-Japanese puppet army in southeast Manchuria to "crusade" operations, commanded the troops to be reduced to pieces, dispersed guerrillas, led his own guard brigade to fight in the Mengjiang area, and finally single-handedly circumnavigated the enemy for 5 days and nights.
Some officers and men of the First Army Guard Brigade led by Yang Jingyu
On February 23, 1940, he died heroically at the age of 35 at the age of 35 in Sandaowei (wǎi) in Mengjiang, Jilin Province. After Yang Jingyu was sacrificed, the Japanese puppet army pulled Yang Jingyu's body back to the headquarters of the Japanese Gumi Regiment in Mengjiang County. Takaichiro Kishitani, director of the police department of the pseudo-Tonghua Province, drew his command knife and personally cut open Yang Jingyu's abdomen to find out what Yang Jingyu had eaten, so that he could be so brave and good at fighting in such a difficult environment. Seeing that there was not a single grain of grain in it, he asked two Japanese soldiers to take the cut stomach on a plate and send it to Dr. Hong Baoyuan in Mengjiang for testing, and after testing, he learned that there was not a single grain in the stomach, only grass roots and cotton wool, and some cotton was obviously just eaten, and the lumps had not changed. After learning of this result, even Ryuichiro Kurie had to admit, "Although he is an enemy, he also sighs at seeing his grandeur, a great hero!" ”
After the Japanese army killed Yang Jingyu, he was photographed to verify his body
Fourth, the fate of the traitor who betrayed General Yang Jingyu
In the environment of arduous and cruel struggle, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance produced many traitors, and there were four traitors who killed Yang Jingyu.
The first traitor was Cheng Bin, the former commander of the First Division of the First Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, and Yang Jingyu's most trusted right-hand man. In July 1938, he led 115 men of his unit to treason and surrender to the enemy, and the Japanese army accepted Cheng Bin as the captain and formed the "Cheng Bin Advance Team" to force Yang Jingyu's troops into a desperate situation. The first thing Cheng Bin did after surrendering was to destroy more than 70 anti-coalition supply lifelines, the secret camp. Overnight, Yang Jingyu's troops were caught in a situation of running out of ammunition. This traitor was shot during the post-liberation "town rebellion" period.
Monk Hat Anti-Japanese Coalition Secret Camp
The second traitor was Zhang Xiufeng, Yang Jingyu's guard platoon leader. This traitor, who had been raised by Yang Jingyu since he was 15 years old, defected to the enemy on February 1, 1940 with 9,960 pieces of ocean funds, resulting in the exposure of Yang Jingyu's whereabouts. The only place where Zhang Xiufeng talked about his conscience was that he did not go to raid Yang Jingyu, who had only a few soldiers left around him, when he rebelled against the remnants of the guard platoon.
The third person to kill Yang Jingyu was the pseudo-platoon leader Zhao Tingxi, because her informant allowed the enemy to finally find the exhausted General Yang. In 1946, the people's government shot Zhao Tingxi in front of Yang Jingyu's grave.
The fourth traitor was Zhang Xiruo, who followed Cheng Bin's rebellion, a famous machine gun shooter of Cheng's brigade. Zhang Xiruo, his deputy marksman Bai Wanren and the ammunition hand Wang Zuohua were wounded in the process of "pursuing" Yang Jingyu's troops, and were taken into custody in the county seat of Maojiang County to recuperate. When this battle group, known as the "Iron Triangle," gathered at noon on February 23, 1940, while playing cards, the headquarters of the puppet Tonghua Province stationed in Maojiang received a report from Yang Jingyu at Sandaoweizi that because the troops were "crusading" in the mountains and there were no troops to dispatch for a while, they gathered the wounded soldiers who were recuperating in the county town, and Zhang Xiruo, Bai Wanren, and Wang Zuohua were organized into the first rapid advance team. When the enemy shouted to Yang Jingyu that surrender did not work, Ryuichiro Kishitani, the head of the police department of tonghua Province, issued an order to Zhang Xiruo to "kill him". Zhang Xiruo immediately pulled the trigger, and Yang Jingyu fell to the snow in front of a large tree and died.
The next day, the Cheng brigade received orders to send Yang Jingyu's head to "Xinjing" (Changchun City). Cheng Bin named Zhang Xi a number. Therefore, Wang Zuohua and Zhang Xiruo carried Yang Jingyu's body to the sword, and Bai Wanren cut off general Yang's head.
Several anti-coalition traitors in Cheng Bin's brigade, due to complicated historical reasons, except for Cheng Bin, who was shot in the "town rebellion," the others escaped the trial they deserved. Zhang Xiruo spent only two years in prison during the Cultural Revolution, and a reporter from the Jilin Daily newspaper interviewed him in 1984. With a somber face, he refused to admit that he had participated in the Anti-Japanese League, nor had he ever killed "Old Yang". Many veterans of the Anti-Japanese Coalition have been living with this for life.
Five or three burials
First burial
After Yang Jingyu's sacrifice, his head was cut down by the enemy with a knife and sent to Xinjing (Changchun) in the puppet state of Manchukuo. Shortly after Yang Jingyu's head was sent to Xinjing, deputy Changde Noh, commander of the 699th Unit of the Japanese Kwantung Army and commander of the "Crusade" of the Southern Military Police, said that since Yang Jingyu's death, he had not slept well for several consecutive nights. As soon as he closed his eyes, a large hand ran across his face, shouting as he drew and pulled: Return my head! Give me back my head! To this end, Kishitani Ryuichiro asked Wang Shihong, chief of the police department of Maojiang County, to do everything possible to find Yang Jingyu's body and bury it in its entirety. Finally, the body of General Yang Jingyu was exhumed in the backyard of the former Komi Command. Because they did not have a head, they found two carpenters in the local area, and the two of them found a piece of qiū wood with eyes, noses and mouths carved into them, counting as Yang Jingyu's head. On March 5, 1940, at the Guandi Temple in Mengjiang County, a consolation ceremony was held for General Yang Jingyu. After the memorial service, Yang Jingyu was buried on the west hill of Baoan Village.
Second burial
On August 15, 1945, Japanese imperialism announced its unconditional surrender. In late October, the Communist-led Northeast Democratic Coalition established a democratic government in Maojiang County. After the establishment of the new government, preparations were made to rebury General Yang Jingyu (after 5 years of sacrifice). It also made a decision to change Mengjiang County to Jingyu County.
On February 23, 1946, general Yang Jingyu was martyred for the sixth anniversary. With the enthusiastic donations of the masses of the people and merchants of all sizes, General Yang Jingyu completed the repair of the tomb. The Government of Liaoning Province and the Government of Jingyu County solemnly held a memorial meeting. Later, in front of Yang Jingyu's tomb, the Jingyu County People's Government shot and executed the traitors Wang Shihong and Sang Wenhai, as well as informants Zhao Xiting and Li Zhengxin, in order to comfort the heroic spirit of General Yang Jingyu.
Third burial
In Changchun in 1948, when Kuomintang rule was crumbling, the search for the remains of General Yang Jingyu became a major concern of the Chinese Communist Party. After the efforts of our party's underground workers, the remains of General Yang were finally found in the damaged equipment pile of Changchun Medical College. On December 25, 1948, it was officially welcomed into the Northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall in Harbin.
On February 23, 1958, on the day of the 18th anniversary of Yang Jingyu's martyrdom, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting to bury Yang Jingyu at the Jingyu Cemetery in Tonghua Province. In late August, Yang Jingyu's remains were moved from Jingyu County to Tonghua City. The body of General Yang Jingyu, shaped by plaster cast, was docked with the remains, covered with a five-star red flag, buried in a black lacquered coffin, covered with black velvet, and placed in the middle of the arched garden hall at the rear of the Jingyu Cemetery Spiritual Hall.
Jingyu Cemetery
6. Unique honors
Yang Jingyu has devoted his life to the Chinese nation and the people of Chinese, and has been highly praised and forever remembered by the party and the people. A considerable part of the honors and appraisals given to him are unique to him.
The only leader of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Resistance League who was named and commended by the Party Central Committee documents during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression;
The only member of the Communist Party of China who was elected alongside Mao Zedong and Zhu De as members of the Honorary Presidium of the Anti-Fascist Congress of all nationalities in the East;
Since the founding of New China, he is the only senior general of our army who has enjoyed the honor of "people's hero" in Zhu De's inscription;
Zhu De wrote an inscription for General Yang Jingyu
Since the founding of New China, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhu De were the only martyrs who laid wreaths respectively;
The only revolutionary martyr who has enjoyed the standard funeral rites of Politburo members and marshals since the founding of New China;
The only leader of the Anti-Japanese Coalition who received the core inscription of the two generations of leaders of the Party Central Committee.
Statue of General Yang Jingyu
The life of General Yang Jingyu was a life of revolution, a life of fighting, and a brilliant life. He led the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army in a bloody battle against the Japanese in the harsh environment of the Snowy Plains of Linhai, and established a strategic merit for the all-people War of Resistance. He filled his hunger with grassroots cotton wool, fought until the last moment, and erected an immortal monument in the hearts of hundreds of millions of people.