Victory can not leave the river, defeat can not leave the bay.
This proverb is said to have been given by Chiang Kai-shek when he deliberately went to Mount Emei to seek the Tao before the Northern Expedition, and it is still enjoyed by the world today. According to the trajectory of Chiang Kai-shek's life later, this proverb was indeed realized, but after all, this is a historical rumor, and no one can explain the metaphysics.
Although it is impossible to verify whether the proverbs are true or false, Chiang Kai-shek's defeat in Taiwan is a matter of great advice from a high-ranking person. This person is Zhang Qiyun, who may be unfamiliar to many people, but as the "founding father of Chinese literature and geography", he is definitely the greatest contributor to the development of Chinese history and geography. Then, as a master scholar engaged in academic research, why did Zhang Qiyun advise Chiang Kai-shek to "retreat to Taiwan"?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > learned from famous masters</h1>
In 1900, Zhang Qiyun was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, and after graduating from middle school at the age of 19, Zhang Qiyun was admitted to the Nanjing Higher Normal School, the first institution of learning in the south at that time. Zhang Qiyun, who had just entered Nangao University, was not proud of his high admission results, on the contrary, Zhang Qiyun studied very hard, because before entering the school, his goal was to worship under Zhu Kezhen, a master of geotechnical studies.
Nangao, where the heroes gather, are commonplace to students who deserve the word "genius", so if you want to get the favor of famous teachers, it is not enough to have talent, you must also let people see your efforts. Gradually, Zhang Qiyun's insistence made Zhu Kezhen very appreciative.
During his four years of study at Nangao, Zhang Qiyun not only studied geography with Zhu Kezhen, but also studied humanistic philosophy and humanistic history with the philosopher Liu Boming and the historian Liu Yizheng. With a solid and extensive academic background, Zhang Qiyun received olive branches from many newspapers in China when he graduated, and in the end, Zhang Qiyun chose to work at the Shanghai Commercial Press. It was also this decision that allowed Zhang Qiyun to form a deep relationship with the Kuomintang.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="87" > got to know Chen Bray and was deeply valued by Jiang</h1>
During Zhang Qiyun's tenure at the Shanghai Commercial Press, Chen Brei had just taken over as editor-in-chief of Shang Bao, and many works involving the publication of Shang Bao needed to consult materials. Because Chen Brei had compiled the "Webster University Dictionary" at the Commercial Press, he was more familiar with where to go, so a lot of the materials were checked at the Commercial Press, and it was Zhang Qiyun who was responsible for receiving Chen Brei.
At first, Zhang Qiyun and Chen Brei were just normal work handovers, until one time, an article that Shang Bao wanted to publish was related to the region, but Chen Bui in the Commercial Press was unable to find relevant materials and books. At this moment, Zhang Qiyun next to him answered the doubt in his heart, which surprised Chen Brei, who did not expect that a small clerk of the Commercial Press had such a deep knowledge of geography.
After talking with Zhang Qiyun, he learned that this small clerk, who was usually weak in literature and literature, was actually a senior disciple of the master of geoscience, Zhu Kezhen, and in this way, Zhang Qiyun and Chen Brei slowly formed a deep friendship. In 1927, Zhang Qiyun was invited to teach in the Geography Department of national central university, and Chen Bray, who had been walking on the revolutionary road, joined the Kuomintang and was deeply trusted by Chiang Kai-shek, and gradually became a major minister around Chiang Kai-shek.
After the victory of the Northern Expedition, there was a serious division within the Kuomintang, and the Central Plains War broke out. Because the armies of Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, and Li Zongren at that time all retreated to the provinces they had divided after defeat, Chiang Kai-shek was not familiar with these places and did not dare to rush to pursue them. At this time, Chen Bray introduced Zhang Qiyun to Chiang Kai-shek.
After Zhang Qiyun arrived at Chiang Kai-shek's office, he gave him a detailed description of the terrain of Guangxi, Shanxi, and other places, and explained the dangerous terrain of various places. Chiang Kai-shek originally did not want to kill Li Zongren and others, and after listening to Zhang Qiyun's explanation, he gave up the idea of pursuing them. However, Chiang Kai-shek attached great importance to Zhang Qiyun, because although Chiang Kai-shek did not want to pursue Li Zongren and others any longer, he was "fond of the "communist bandits" in Chiang Kai-shek's eyes.
At that time, the terrain of Jiangxi, Xiang'exi, and Eyuwan, where the Communist Party was operating, was more secretive and changeable, so Chiang Kai-shek knew clearly that Zhang Qiyun would have a great effect on him. However, the conspiracy to openly betray the revolution and split the country will not be convinced by the people, and the final result will certainly be self-destruction.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="88" > the end of the civil war, advised to retire</h1>
On January 31, 1949, with the end of the Pingjin Campaign, the main force of the Kuomintang in the Central Plains had basically disappeared. Chiang Kai-shek and other senior leaders of the Kuomintang were also very clear about their own situation, so for a long time to come, the Kuomintang was in urgent meetings to discuss, and the content of the discussion was where to retreat.
At that time, the senior generals of the Central Army within the Kuomintang unanimously agreed to withdraw to the southwest, and the "former warlords" led by Bai Chongxi advocated retreating to Hainan. Chiang Kai-shek's heart was also inclined to retreat to the southwest centered on Shudi, because the southwest was not only steep and fertile, but also surrounded by natural grabens such as the Yangtze River and qinling Mountains, which were easy to defend and difficult to attack. For Chiang Kai-shek, who was bent on counterattacking, the southwest was undoubtedly the best choice.
However, Zhang Qiyun was extremely disapproving, and instead strongly suggested that Chiang Kai-shek retreat to Taiwan. Just when Chiang Kai-shek was playing chess irregularly, Zhang Qiyun revealed his "killer skill":
First, the island of Taiwan had been colonized by Japan before, and it was the Nationalist government that had reclaimed it, so the island's residents had a sense of support for the Kuomintang.
Second, the island of Taiwan is rich in material resources, the land is fertile, the utilization rate is high, and more importantly, there are many industrial bases left by the Japanese on the island, which is a unique advantage.
Third, since its return to the motherland, Taiwan has been tightly in the hands of the Kuomintang, and in 1947, General Sun Liren had rushed to Taiwan to train new soldiers, so today's Taiwan is the most shallow or even no Communist Party infiltration.
Fourth, the most important point is that Taiwan Island, as a unique place surrounded by the sea on all sides, is also connected to the FAR East Defense Line of the United States, and if the Communist Party wants to cross the sea, then the US aircraft carrier fleet will certainly not sit idly by, and with the United States as a reinforcement, Taiwan will be stable and worry-free.
After listening to Zhang Qiyun's statement and accurate analysis, Chiang Kai-shek finally made up his mind, followed by careful deployment of various details of the retreat, and finally retreated to Taiwan in December 1949.
In fact, almost at the same time that Zhang Qiyun advised Chiang Kai-shek to retreat to Taiwan, another person also saw the final direction of the Kuomintang after its defeat. This person was Yang Jie, the president of the Army University at the time, and he also wrote a long letter to Chairman Mao on this matter, suggesting that Chairman Mao first recover Taiwan. Then, as a veteran figure in the Kuomintang, why did Yang Jie turn his back on Chiang Kai-shek and secretly suggest to Chairman Mao this extremely important strategic layout?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="89" > revolutionary who was well versed in the art of war and national righteousness</h1>
Yang Jie is a Bai ethnic group in Yunnan, and his family has been a hard-working person for generations, and Yang Jie, who grew up in this environment from childhood, is deeply affected. At that time, his father was practicing medicine in the local area and was quite respected, so he also hoped that Yang Jie could learn medical skills and do good.
However, Yang Jie has greater ambitions, and he wants to obtain a meritorious name to benefit all the people of Dali and even Yunnan in the future. On the grounds that his eldest brother wanted to inherit his father's mantle, he went to the Grand Idea Private School. During the period of da nian private school, Yang Jie showed a super talent, and those classics of history could basically be remembered, and teachers and classmates praised his genius.
In 1900, the 11-year-old Yang Jie made an exception to study at the Dali Shishu Academy because of his outstanding talent. In September of that year, the Eight-Power Coalition army captured Beijing and burned the Yuanmingyuan, shocking the whole country. When the teacher who taught them this news heard the news, he deliberately did not teach his homework for a day, but told them in detail about the various evil deeds of foreign powers invading China over the past few decades, and warned them: The rise and fall of the world is the responsibility of the puppeteer.
This made the young Yang Jie's heart for the first time ignite the flame of national righteousness, before he did not know that the country was in trouble, he only wanted to benefit the people, and after that, he would take the revitalization of the country and the nation as his duty to protect our people. In 1905, Yang Jie walked to Kunming to apply for the Beijing Normal University, but because he spent too much time along the way, he had already passed the time of recruitment by then. Subsequently, Yang Jie transferred to the Yunnan Army Accelerated School, and thus began his legendary military career.
Here, Yang Jie came into contact with new ideas, and his inner belief in wanting to save the country from water and fire also underwent some slight changes: the corrupt Qing government could not save the people.
In 1907, because of his excellent grades, Yang Jie was selected as a student to study at the Japanese Army Non-Commissioned Officer School, where he met Chiang Kai-shek, who was also enthusiastic. Four years later, Yang Jie graduated from the Japanese Army Non-Commissioned Officer School and returned to China to participate in the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen.
Yang Jie, who participated in the uprising, was sent to assist Tang Jiyao's troops, and as a result, Yang Jie entered the Qian army. In 1915, Yuan Shikai, who stole the fruits of the Xinhai Revolution, restored the imperial system, which was not tolerated by the revolutionaries, and the Patriotic War broke out. In this war, Yang Jie was the chief of staff of the 4th Army, and when he arrived, he found that the 4th Army was lax in discipline, poorly organized, and poorly armed, and did not have the appearance of a revolutionary army at all.
Subsequently, Yang Jie began to carry out drastic reforms, and in just a few months, the entire 4th Army was renewed and became a well-deserved main force in the northwest battlefield. Yang Jie was also promoted to lieutenant general after the war because of his outstanding merits. In 1921, Yang Jie went to Japan again, and returned to his homeland after graduating from the Japanese Army University in the winter of 1924. However, Yang Jie would not have thought that after returning this time, the good comrades-in-arms who had been close and intimate had become selfish and selfish, and they no longer regarded saving the country and the people as their duty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="90" > and Jiang's ideas were seriously divergent and were persecuted</h1>
After Yang Jie returned, Dr. Sun Yat-sen prepared for the Northern Expedition and formulated three major policies for this purpose: "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers." After hearing this, Yang Jie actively supported Dr. Sun Yat-sen's decision, and he believed that China had finally reached the time to tear it down and start over. During the Northern Expedition, Yang Jie's contact with the Chinese Communists surprised him greatly, and this newly emerging "small political party" had such a grand ideal, and because of this, Yang Jie felt that the Communists and himself were like-minded, and the two sides formed a deep friendship.
Just after the victory of the Northern Expedition, Dr. Sun Yat-sen fell ill and finally died in Nanjing on June 1, 1929. Chiang Kai-shek, who took over, was "terminally ill" in his dictatorial ideology and began to strike at all forces that might threaten his dictatorial position.
What made Yang Jie even more indignant was that since Japan launched the "918 Incident," Chiang Kai-shek actually ordered the implementation of the "policy of non-resistance," and the mountains and rivers that countless revolutionaries exchanged for their blood were actually surrendered in order to realize Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship. This was unacceptable to Yang Jie under any circumstances, and Yang Jie began to actively propagate the all-people anti-Japanese resistance and oppose the civil war.
Yang Jie's move undoubtedly angered Chiang Kai-shek, and he could no longer remember the two like-minded young people who had a long talk in Japan more than a decade ago, and only knew that the person in front of him dared to openly oppose his orders. As a result, Yang Jie began to be alienated, elevated, and even viciously retaliated against by Chiang Kai-shek.
However, Chiang Kai-shek did not dare to go too far, because Yang Jie's identity was there, not only the elders of the Kuomintang, but also the mentors of many outstanding Kuomintang generals at that time.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="91" > insight into the situation and advised Chairman Mao to take Taiwan first</h1>
After the outbreak of the Kuomintang-Communist Civil War, Yang Jie could not bear to fight each other, so he retreated into the background and concentrated on studying military strategy. In 1949, the defeat of the Kuomintang was decided, and Chiang Kai-shek's government began to discuss where to retreat. As Yang Jie, who has already been pulled into the "blacklist" by Chiang Kai-shek, it is obviously impossible for him to participate in the discussion.
However, this did not affect Yang Jie's judgment. As one of the most prominent military strategists of the time, Yang Jie quickly analyzed that Chiang Kai-shek would eventually choose to defeat Taiwan. However, at that time, with the intervention of the United States, the reunification of the motherland will be extremely difficult. For the sake of national righteousness, Yang Jie finally decided to write a letter to Chairman Mao regardless of his personal safety.
At the same time as the Battle of the Crossing River was launched, Yang Jie's handwritten letter was also handed over to Chairman Mao. Yang Jie pointed out in his letter that now that the defeat of the Kuomintang has been decided, the Platon Should first concentrate its forces on capturing Taiwan, and then turn around and collect the remnants of the Kuomintang forces in the southwest and northwest. Because Taiwan, as a wealthy island far from the mainland by the Kuomintang, is also an excuse for the United States to intervene to ensure the kuomintang's final retreat, once the Kuomintang and the United States have sufficient time to deploy, then it will be as difficult as ascending to the sky if it wants to recover it.
Everyone knows that as the biggest winner of World War II, the military power of the United States is far from being comparable to that of China at that time. Yang Jie's strategic concept really touched Chairman Mao, because Yang Jie analyzed exactly what Chairman Mao had always been worried about. However, at that time, the People's Liberation Army basically had no resources for naval warfare, and if the United States had deployed it earlier, it would have suffered from the enemy at that time, and the situation on the mainland, which had been stable, would once again fall into turmoil.
While Chairman Mao was deliberating on Yang Jie's suggestion, Chiang Kai-shek learned from the Kuomintang Secrecy Bureau that Yang Jie had secretly sent a letter to Chairman Mao. Annoyed and enraged, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Mao Renfeng to assassinate Yang Jie at all costs. After all, Yang Jie was a Kuomintang elder who was full of peach and plum, and as soon as Chiang Kai-shek's order arrived, some former students secretly told Yang Jie the news.
Subsequently, Yang Jie, alias Yang Shushi, fled to Hong Kong by plane. After the CPC Central Committee learned that Yang Jie had fled to Hong Kong, it immediately sent a telegram expressing the hope that General Yang Jie would go to Beijing for negotiations. However, the already mad Kuomintang agents mobilized a large number of people and finally killed this meritorious Kuomintang elder at Yang Jie's residence at 260 Hennessy Avenue in Hong Kong.
Poor General Yang Jie, who devoted his life's energy to the cause of national liberation, ended up being killed by the Kuomintang he had served for decades. After the founding of New China, under the cordial care of the party and the government, General Yang Jie was posthumously recognized as a revolutionary martyr.