Taiwan has been China's sacred territory since ancient times, and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait share the same roots and blood.
During the Xia and Shang dynasties, Taiwan belonged to Yangzhou in Kyushu.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Taiwan was called Yizhou, and Sun Quan, the king of Wu, sent tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians to develop Taiwan.
During the Sui Dynasty, Taiwan was called Liuqiu, and the Sui Emperor sent people to Taiwan three times to teach production management techniques.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, han Chinese settled in Penghu, Taiwan, and the Southern Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Fujian Road, and sent troops to defend it.
The Yuan Dynasty sent people to Penghu, Taiwan, to serve as Xuanfu and set up the Penghu Inspection Department.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Penghu Inspection Department was still set up, and Zheng He led a fleet of ships to stay in Taiwan.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, many mainland residents began to migrate to Taiwan, which greatly promoted Taiwan's social and economic development.
In the late Ming Dynasty, the Western power Dutch invaded Taiwan, causing Taiwan to become a Dutch colony.
During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zheng successfully expelled the Dutch and recovered Taiwan.
In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty set up Taixia Road, which was co-signed by Taiwan and Xiamen, and set up one prefecture and three counties, and set up Taiwan as a province, called Taiwan Province.
In 1884, the Qing government promoted Taiwan Province to Taiwan Province.
During the Qing Dynasty, Japan occupied the Ryukyu Islands in northern Taiwan, directly threatening Taiwan.
After the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Maguan, which humiliated the country and humiliated the country, ceding Taiwan and its affiliated islands to Japan.
The Treaty of Maguan signed by the Qing government that humiliated the country and humiliated the country
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945, China returned to the embrace of the motherland in accordance with international treaties such as the Cairo Declaration.
After Japan's defeat in the war, in Taipei, China, a ceremony was held for the surrender of Taiwan Province in the Allied Chinese Theater of Operations, and the surrendered officer declared on behalf of the Chinese government:
Since now, Taiwan and the Penghu Archipelago have officially re-entered China's territory, and all land, people, and political affairs have been placed under China's sovereignty. At this point, Taiwan and Penghu returned to China's sovereign jurisdiction.
In 1949, the Kuomintang government retreated to Taiwan after losing the civil war, and the two sides of the taiwan strait have been divided to this day.
To sum up, Taiwan has been China's territory since ancient times.
The current Taiwan issue is caused by the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, is China's own problem, and has nothing to do with any country.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan in defeat, taking away a lot of gold relics</h1>
In fact, during the Liberation War, the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission attached great importance to the liberation of Taiwan.
In 1949, Mao Zedong sent two top secret letters to Su Yu and other generals and the East China Bureau, and the two secret letters were rated AAAA.
In April 1949, under the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the People's Liberation Army launched the Campaign to Cross the River and won a great victory.
Battle of the River Crossing
In late April, the People's Liberation Army successfully liberated Nanjing, heralding the disintegration of the Chiang dynasty that had ruled China for 22 years.
However, at that time, although the Kuomintang army was repeatedly defeated, there were still a million remnants in some areas.
Later, Mao Zedong wrote a famous poem "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing":
Zhongshan was windy and rainy, and millions of heroes crossed the river. The tiger is better than the past, and the world is turned upside down. It is advisable to chase the poor and the poor, and not to become the overlord of the famous school. If the heavens are full of love and the heavens are old, the right way in the world is vicissitudes.
"Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing", Chairman Mao's handwriting
The two sentences in this poem: "It is advisable to chase the poor and the poor with courage, and not to become the overlord of fame and learning", which shows Mao Zedong's strategic thinking on the liberation of all China and his firm determination.
With the liberation of Nanjing, the Kuomintang army was defeated, and Chiang Kai-shek was already very aware of his situation.
Although he had always wanted to continue to rule the mainland, as the situation across the country began to clear, he also recognized the reality and began to consider choosing a retreat for himself.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek had three retreat areas in front of him, namely the southwest, Hainan, and Taiwan.
In the southwest region, there are Qinling Mountains in the north, Hengduan Mountain Range in the south, and Yangtze River in the east, with rugged terrain and complex terrain, which is easy to defend and difficult to attack.
Between Hainan and the mainland, across the Qiongzhou Strait, the climate is warm, and as long as the army is defeated, it can quickly go south and retreat to the Philippines.
At first, Chiang Kai-shek was very hesitant and could not make up his mind where to go, but in the end why did he choose Taiwan?
At that time, there was a person who suggested that Chiang Kai-shek retreat to Taiwan and gave reasons that Chiang Kai-shek could not refuse, and this person was Zhang Qiyun.
Zhang Qiyun
Zhang Qiyun is a geography and humanities scholar who has been doing academic research and has never asked military questions.
However, with the defeat of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek having nowhere to go, Zhang Qidu came up with an idea for him: to retreat to Taiwan.
In making this suggestion, Zhang Qiyun described in detail the advantages of retreating to Taiwan:
Taiwan was located in the Pacific Ocean, and the PLA Air Force and Navy at that time were weak and it was difficult to cross the strait to fight.
Taiwan is located in the temperate zone of the earth, with a warm climate and abundant products throughout the year, which is suitable for planting a variety of crops and can fully meet the daily needs of the military and the people.
When Taiwan became a Japanese colony, Japan built a large number of military bases and transportation routes in Taiwan, so Taiwan's transportation was developed and had a ready-made industrial base.
There was a direct shipping lane between Taiwan and the Pacific Ocean, and the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan and could get the support of the United States at any time and anywhere.
After Chiang Kai-shek decided to retreat to Taiwan, he began to operate Taiwan in advance.
Chiang Kai-shek sent Chen Cheng to run Taiwan in preparation for the later transfer.
Chen Cheng, a man who was Chiang Kai-shek's confidant, won his respect and trust.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek also made two-handed preparations.
On the surface, he pretended to "seek peace" and asked for hope that a peace talk between the Kuomintang and the Republic of China could be reached. The peace talks were rejected by Mao Zedong, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China listed Chiang Kai-shek as the number one war criminal.
People's Daily publishes Mao Zedong's "Order to March To the Whole Country"
Secretly, Chiang Kai-shek began to transfer his power, and rushed a large number of cultural relics and treasures and national treasury materials and archives to Taiwan.
In addition, Chiang Kai-shek also entrusted Yu Hongjun, then president of the central bank, to rush to transport huge gold and silver dollars to Taiwan three times.
In the early years, the National Government issued "gold coupons" and exchanged them for gold and silver dollars in the hands of the common people, accumulating huge wealth.
In October 1949, Chiang Kai-shek's eldest son, Chiang Ching-kuo, wrote in his diary:
"Today, my father sent me to Shanghai to visit Mr. Yu Hongjun, hoping that he would transfer the central bank's cash to Taiwan for security."
Later, the People's Daily published a report based on historical information:
Chiang Kai-shek has transported three batches of gold and silver dollars to Taiwan, totaling 2.775 million taels of gold and 15.2 million yuan of silver dollars.
On September 25 and 26, 1949, Tao Zhiyue and Bao Erhan successively announced uprisings and the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang.
In September 1949, Xinjiang was peacefully liberated, and the people of all walks of life in Xinjiang welcomed the People's Liberation Army
After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, China has basically been liberated except for some areas in the southwest and Liangguang.
On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong solemnly announced at the Tiananmen Tower that the People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government had been established.
On December 9 and 10, Lu Han, chairman of Yunnan Province, announced an uprising in Kunming, and Liu Wenhui, chairman of Xikang Province, declared an uprising in Ya'an, and Yunnan and Xikang were peacefully liberated.
Seeing that the general trend was gone, at 2 p.m. on the 10th, Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo, father and son, took a plane at Chengdu Phoenix Mountain Airport and prepared to fly directly to Taiwan.
The staff of Phoenix Mountain Airport informed Guangzhou that Chiang Kai-shek's plane would pass over Guangzhou at 3 p.m.
Ye Jianying
Hong Xuezhi, deputy commander of the 15th Corps, learned of this news and immediately reported it to Ye Jianying.
Hong Xuezhi said to Ye Jianying: "Do you use fighter jets to force Chiang Kai-shek's landplane down, or do you shoot them down directly?" ”
Ye Jianying said he would consult the CPC Central Committee. Hong Xuezhi said at that time: "It is better to cut and play later, and then say after playing." ”
Ye Jianying said, "The central government can't do it without an echo." ”
Later, because he did not get the approval of the CPC Central Committee in time, Chiang Kai-shek successfully took a plane and fled to Taiwan.
Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Mao Zedong drafted two top-secret letters explicitly mentioning the liberation of Taiwan</h1>
In 1949, Mao Zedong drafted two top-secret letters explicitly mentioning the liberation of Taiwan.
So why didn't Taiwan end up liberating? What instructions did Mao Zedong give on this matter?
In early 1949, with the victory of the three major battles, Mao Zedong put the liberation of Taiwan on the table.
Taiwan belonged to the Eastern Theater, so the task of liberating Taiwan was later entrusted to the East China Field Army.
In May 1949, the East China Field Army began to draw some fighters to conduct training in attacking Taiwan, while serving as a vigilance mission in Shanghai.
On June 14, 1949, Mao Zedong drafted a top-secret telegram of the 4A level and sent it to Su Yu, Zhang Zhen and other generals, asking them to study the issue of liberating Taiwan as soon as possible.
Mao Zedong drafted a 4A-level top-secret telegram
On June 21, Chairman Mao again telegraphed Su Yu, urging him to prepare for the liberation of Taiwan as soon as possible.
According to Mao Zedong's idea, it should be within two or three months to complete the preparations before the war, and then formally attack and liberate Taiwan.
After Receiving the order, Su Yu quickly asked the General Staff Office to collect hydrometeorological data on the southeast coast and study in depth the impact of the maritime environment on operations.
After research, Su Yu felt that it was too difficult to cross the sea, because the PLA did not have the support of the air force and navy.
Therefore, Su Yu suggested that the plan to liberate Taiwan be postponed until the following year.
Mao Zedong agreed to Su Yu's proposal, and the Central Military Commission instructed him to immediately form the PLA Navy and Air Force.
He was transferred to Xiao Jinguang and Liu Yalou as commanders of the People's Liberation Army Navy and Air Force respectively, and cooperated with Su Yu in liberating Taiwan.
On January 5, 1950, President Truman of the United States issued a statement that he would no longer support Taiwan.
Because before that, the United States had provided weapons and equipment assistance to Chiang Kai-shek.
If Taiwan is liberated, will the United States interfere? This was a big question for Mao Zedong to consider.
After hearing this news, he was very happy and once again ordered Su Yu to seize the time to prepare for the liberation of Taiwan.
Su Yu has a beautiful name called "Tiger of land", and fighting wars has always been "daring to take risks".
Lin Biao, who was once a senior general, said: "Sometimes, even I dare not make up my mind to fight the battles that Su Yu fought. ”
However, for this "land tiger", he did not dare to make up his mind to liberate Taiwan.
Because there were too many factors to consider in the sea crossing operation, the time for the liberation of Taiwan was again postponed to 1951.
Su Yu personally went to Beijing again and again to report in person to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai on their war readiness.
Su Yu
Su Yu proposed that the liberation of Taiwan should be mainly carried out by the army, but the navy and army should provide assistance.
In terms of tactics, the three armies of the navy, army and air force should be allowed to cooperate and unexpectedly crush the enemy army. In this regard, Su Yu put forward several ideas of his own:
Quality is more important than quantity, fully grasp the technology. Without mastering the relevant technologies of maritime warfare and without understanding the laws of maritime movement, the number of people cannot solve the problem;
It is necessary to have enough means of delivery in order to concentrate superior forces in the operation on the island, and it is also possible to complete the transfer of troops and support the operation everywhere.
Pre-war preparation is better than grasping the fighter, because there are too many unexpected situations in maritime combat, and we should be prepared to face various emergencies and come up with feasible solutions.
Fully grasp the technology, quality is more important than quantity. It is necessary to master the relevant techniques of maritime warfare and the laws of movement.
Mao Zedong was very much in favor of Su Yu's idea, so he agreed to Su Yu's two postponements of the liberation of Taiwan.
Later, the CPC Central Committee allocated 6 billion to 7 billion grain to Su Yu as military food for the army.
At that time, the total national grain output value was about 60 billion, and these military grains accounted for one-tenth of the country's grain.
In February 1950, Mao Zedong visited the Soviet Union and received a loan of $300 million in the Soviet Union.
In February 1950, he accompanied Chairman Mao to the Soviet Union with a Chinese delegation
A third of the loan was used to buy warships and aircraft. Two cruisers, five escort destroyers and four minesweepers were ordered from Britain.
By April 23, 1950, the PLA Navy had reached 35,000 men, with 92 ships, 122 coastal guns, and 309 naval guns.
In the Air Force, there are 2 fighter regiments, 1 strike aircraft regiment, 1 bomber regiment, and 80 bombers.
The Air Force also includes an airborne unit with functions such as sniper, tank, mortar, anti-aircraft artillery, anti-aircraft machine gun, sapper, transport, communications, reconnaissance, guard, and automobile.
While studying the new method of warfare, Su Yu has also been paying close attention to the dynamics of the United States and Taiwan, and with the development of the situation, he has continued to increase the combat strength.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > China faced an even bigger crisis, delaying plans to liberate Taiwan</h1>
However, just as he was preparing to liberate Taiwan in one fell swoop, an even greater crisis quietly descended and the plan for the liberation of Taiwan was postponed.
Chinese Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River
Since January 1949, there have been more than 2,000 clashes between the two Koreas near the "38th Parallel."
Eventually, on June 25, 1950, these conflicts turned into large-scale battles and the Korean War officially broke out.
At the same time, President Truman ordered the U.S. Far East Air Force in Japan to assist South Korea in its operations.
The next day, Truman again ordered the U.S. Seventh Fleet to sail into the Taiwan Strait to prevent the People's Liberation Army from liberating Taiwan.
Truman's move completely transformed the nature of the Korean War into a war of aggression against China and the DPRK.
At the beginning, Mao Zedong was very concerned about the situation on the Korean battlefield, and he already had the idea of "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea" in his heart.
For Chiang Kai-shek, the Kuomintang government was not firmly rooted in Taiwan, and he was very afraid of the liberation of Taiwan by the People's Liberation Army.
At lunch, Chiang Ching-kuo told him that the Korean War had broken out, and Chiang Kai-shek stopped chopsticks and laughed: "Finally waiting, god has given him a good opportunity." ”
At that time, there were only two roads in front of China, either to send troops to Korea and resist the United States and aid Korea to defend the country. Either send troops to Taiwan and continue the war of liberation.
Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea to Defend the Motherland
North Korea can be seen as the gate of the northeast, and the PLA troop deployment in the northeast at that time was the smallest, only a few hundred thousand people.
Forced by the situation, Mao Zedong consulted with Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and others, and everyone felt that they should send troops to Korea.
Although Taiwan was occupied by the Kuomintang government, it was the result of the Kuomintang-Communist civil war and could delay liberation.
But if North Korea is controlled by the United States, then the Northeast will stand up to a time bomb and face the threat of the United States at all times.
At the Politburo meeting, Mao Zedong put forward his own views, but to his surprise, most of the people were opposed to sending troops.
Some people have proposed that new China is in ruins to be rebuilt, and it is not appropriate to do anything about it, and it should focus on recuperation. Heavy troops can be deployed in the northeast to maintain a perennial confrontation with the US military.
Later, Mao Zedong commented on these party figures: "They can't see the situation clearly, they are afraid of sacrifice, they are afraid of bombing, they are afraid of American aircraft and artillery, and they are afraid of wiping out a little bit of new China's family foundation." ”
Chairman Mao Zedong
In fact, the most important point is that the gap between New China and the United States in terms of economy and military equipment is too large, and no one is optimistic about this war with too big a disparity.
However, Mao Zedong was far-sighted, and he later sent a telegram to Su Yu, in which he expressed the hope that Su Yu would return as the commander of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
The telegram, which bears the name Mao Zedong instead of the Central Military Commission, shows Mao's determination to send troops to Korea and resist the United States and aid Korea.
Why choose Su Yu? This is because he has already thoroughly studied the way of playing modern wars in preparation for the liberation of Taiwan, and Su Yu is the best choice for the modern troops of the US military.
However, Su Yu, who was in his prime, had physical problems. The previous years of high-intensity command wars caused him to be physically and mentally exhausted.
Su Yu commanded the battle on the battlefield
Su Yu suffered from high blood pressure, gastrointestinal disease and Meniere's syndrome, and often had dizziness and headaches.
In the early years, Su Yu was injured 6 times, and three pieces of shrapnel on his skull were not removed, and the pain has been tormenting him.
In the preparation for the liberation of Taiwan, Su Yu was very tired, which led to the recurrence of the old disease.
Resisting US Aggression and Aiding Korea was an arduous task, and Su Yu felt that he was so sick that it was difficult for him to do so.
Therefore, after receiving Mao Zedong's telegram, Su Yu replied to inform Mao Zedong of his illness, hoping that he could choose other comrades to take on this heavy responsibility.
However, Mao Zedong was still very optimistic about Su Yu, and he once again sent a telegram to Su Yu:
"The call is up. If you are sick, you should rest and recuperate, but I still hope that you will come to Beijing in early August, when if you are well, you will take up a job, and if you are not in good health, you will continue to recuperate. ”
Under mao Zedong's instructions, the Central Military Commission also made preparations, first establishing a strategic command in the northeast, drawing personnel from the field army units, establishing a border defense army in the northeast, and forming a strategic front army ready to deal with the Korean War.
Northeast Frontier Army
Although the situation in North Korea was grim at that time, in the international arena, China made many warnings, and the US military has not yet crossed the "38th Line", so the selection of the commander can be eased.
After more than half a month of recuperation, Su Yu's condition still did not improve, and Mao Zedong agreed to let him continue to recuperate.
On September 15, the "United Nations Army" led by the US army landed at Inchon, and the Korean People's Army was scattered and cut, suffering heavy losses, and the situation in the Korean battlefield deteriorated for a while.
Ignoring the warnings of the Chinese government, the United States and South Korea are about to cross the "38th Line," and the flames of war will soon reach the Yalu River.
At the same time, US Air Force aircraft have repeatedly invaded China's northeast airspace and bombed Dandong, China's border area.
U.S. troops crossed the 38th Parallel
It is imperative to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the country, but at this moment, Su Yu's condition is still very serious.
At the critical moment, Mao Zedong decided that Peng Dehuai, then commander of the Northwest Field Army, would serve as the commander and immediately lead the troops to participate in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
On the battlefield of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army cooperated with the Korean People's Army and fought a bloody battle with the "United Nations Army" headed by the US military, and finally forced the United States to sign the "Korean Armistice Agreement."
Because of the outbreak of the Korean War, China participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and defend its homeland and defend its country.
This incident led to the failure of the campaign to liberate Taiwan, and it has to be said that this is a very regrettable thing.
According to Chairman Mao's bodyguards, since 1953, the chairman has been going to the sea every year, looking at the sea from afar, and saying, "We must liberate Taiwan." ”
"Chinese People Must Liberate Taiwan" published on the paper of the 1949 annual report
According to Su Yu's son Su Rongsheng, until his father's death, there were maps of Taiwan hanging in the study.
Su Yu once told his son: "The reason why our army is still called the People's Liberation Army and not the National Defense Force is because Taiwan has not yet been liberated." ”
It is an indisputable fact that Taiwan will always be China's territory. The Chinese people on both sides of the taiwan strait are looking forward to the early reunification of the motherland.