After the Kuomintang brazenly launched a civil war, the Kuomintang, which thought it had advanced equipment from the United States and Japan, was due to a series of mistakes, which eventually led to the balance of the war tilting in favor of the Communists within three years. After the three major battles, the Communists also completely eliminated most of the main forces of the Kuomintang, chiang Kai-shek originally planned to take advantage of the natural danger of the Yangtze River and the Communists to cross the river to rule, but after the offensive and defensive battle in Shanghai, the Kuomintang did not even have the strength to defend the direction of the Yangtze River, and finally the Kuomintang could only choose to retreat to Taiwan.
Chiang Kai-shek led the remaining Kuomintang troops back to Taiwan, and after gaining a little respite, he began to think about how he was defeated. On this point, Chiang Kai-shek, as a person who wants face, did not look for answers from himself, but blamed others. Such as the support of the United States and the infighting among the Kuomintang factions were the main targets of Chiang Kai-shek's shirking of responsibility. As for the defeat in the War of Liberation, Chiang Kai-shek hated three people the most, namely Li Zongren, Marshall and Stalin.
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek pointed the spearhead at these three people and did not deny the suspicion of shirking responsibility, but if we look at the internal and external situation of the war of liberation, these three people also really influenced the course of the war of liberation in all aspects. Although the War of Liberation was a civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the details were also permeated with how much Cold War intervention was involved. By the time of the War of Liberation in 1949, chiang kai-shek' military strength, no matter how bad, understood that the military strength of the Kuomintang could no longer organize the Communist Party to replace itself as the new Leader of China, so while defeating the Yangtze River, they began to think about how to retreat. On the road to retreat, Chiang Kai-shek did not only have one choice to retreat to Taiwan, but there were two other roads, namely Hainan and southwest, Hainan refers to Hainan Island, and southwest refers to the western Sichuan region centered on Chongqing and Chengdu.
For these three choices, Chiang Kai-shek and his staff all had their own ideas, and everyone was arguing over this issue, and Chiang Kai-shek himself's favorite was the southwest, first of all, during the anti-Japanese war, after Chiang Kai-shek fled Nanjing, it was Chongqing as a new foothold for the Kuomintang government, so there was a certain sense of belonging to this place. Secondly, the western Sichuan region is a place that is easy to defend and difficult to attack, sitting on the two natural barriers of the Qinling Mountains and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, which is an excellent defensive place for the People's Liberation Army, which lacks heavy weapons.
In addition, if the southwestern region is retreated, even if the Kuomintang cannot even hold this last base area, it will at least be able to retreat to the Philippines by water, thus establishing its own exile government overseas. Chiang Kai-shek's idea was basically recognized by the majority of people within the Kuomintang, because the Kuomintang were all mainland people, and if they could, no one would be willing to survive in a place across the sea, but the appearance of a person changed Chiang Kai-shek's idea, his name was Zhang Qiyun, a graduate of Nanjing Normal University who had served as a teacher in many famous schools at home and abroad.
Zhang Qiyun
Zhang Qiyun gained Chiang Kai-shek's appreciation because of his close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek's close confidant Chen Bray, and thus entered the political circle of the Kuomintang. Although Zhang Qiyun was an officer of the Kuomintang at this time, in fact, he was a famous Chinese geographer, and he did not even know as much about the military as Chiang Kai-shek, but the strength of the military could not be separated from the support of the economy, and Chiang Kai-shek thought that the southwest was the Kuomintang from a military point of view, but in Zhang Qiyun's eyes it was another matter. Zhang Qiyun believes that once the Kuomintang wants to retreat, it must first stabilize economic development, otherwise it will be difficult to continue to compete with the Communist Party, which is in a military position. In the era of globalization at that time, whoever could control the dominance of a sea route could make their country's economy move to the fast lane in a short period of time, and Taiwan was undoubtedly the most qualified one.
Zhang Qiyun felt that Taiwan and the mainland are separated from the sea, and the protection of the sea area can enable the People's Liberation Army, which was still in a weak state of navy and air force at that time, to eliminate the Kuomintang in a short period of time, and its protection ability is no less than that of the Yangtze River. Secondly, Taiwan's natural climate is very suitable for Taiwan's agricultural development, coupled with the industrial base left behind after the Japanese retreat, with this trend of Taiwan's approach to the Pacific route, the Kuomintang as long as the United States maintains good international friendship, taiwan's economy will improve rapidly in a short period of time. In addition, Zhang Qiyun also mentioned that because Taiwan's transportation is not connected to the mainland, the KMT can realize the ideological blockade and rule of the Taiwan masses by severing communication links with the mainland, so that it is not an easy task for the COMMUNIST Party to incite the Taiwan masses to overthrow the rule of the Taiwan government through ideological work, or to make the KmT troops defect.
After Zhang Qiyun expressed his views, Chiang Kai-shek thought about it and felt that it was very reasonable, so he issued a decision to retreat to Taiwan. And in order to achieve the goal of weakening the Communist Party and allowing the Kuomintang to sit firmly in half of Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek also transported more than one million gold stored in the mainland treasury to Taiwan in batches, which also became an important fund for Taiwan's future economic development. Because of this advice, Zhang Qiyun was quickly reused after Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Taiwan, and became the secretary general of the Kuomintang Reform Committee established by Chiang Kai-shek, contributing to the future transformation of the Kuomintang in Taiwan.
However, Zhang Qiyun's proposal was obviously still too overestimated by the strength of the Kuomintang and the environment in Taiwan, and Chiang Kai-shek originally thought that relying on his resources earlier transfer from the mainland to Taiwan would be enough for the Kuomintang to gain a firm foothold, and with a little extra time, it would be able to regroup and counterattack the impoverished Communist Party. However, the quality of the Kuomintang troops who followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan was on a par with the five main forces of the past, and even the morale was extremely demoralized.
The only one that can be counted as a victory over the People's Liberation Army is estimated to be the Air Force and Navy, and at that time the Kuomintang still had more than 50 large and small warships and more than 400 aircraft. However, the problem was that there was not much gasoline for supplying these naval and air equipment, only enough to maintain the use of these weapons for more than two months, and after two months these weapons basically became scrap iron, which is why the Kuomintang did not dare to bomb the founding ceremony later, not so much that Chiang Kai-shek did not dare, but rather that Chiang Kai-shek was unable to do so.
Since the end of the Korean War, Chiang Kai-shek also recognized the facts and knew that he and the Kuomintang could not return to the mainland in their lifetime, so he began to be the emperor of The Earth in Taiwan with peace of mind. While Chiang Kai-shek was surviving in Taiwan, he was also thinking about why he had lost to the People's Liberation Army led by Chairman Mao. The reason why Chiang Kai-shek felt that Michel, Stalin, and Li Zongren were the biggest responsible for the war of liberation was because Chiang Kai-shek felt that all three of them had tripped himself up in the civil war.
Li Zongren
First of all, Marshall was the person chiang kai-shek hated the most, and after the signing of the Double Tenth Agreement between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, everything was calm on the surface, but in fact the two sides have been preparing for the coming civil war. The United States, which was separated by a sea, naturally understood, so it sent Marshall to mediate the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in the name of assisting Chiang Kai-shek.
When Marshall arrived in China, he began to study the plan of the coalition government and the Two Parties of China, which made many members of the Communist Party into senior members of the coalition government. In particular, in the military, it even put forward the requirement of mixing the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, hoping to break the dominance of the Kuomintang as a party. These people hated Chiang Kai-shek, who had always hoped to establish a dictatorship, and believed that Marshall's plan was purely misleading the country and the people, although because of Marshall's status as an American envoy, Chiang Kai-shek did not say Marshall to his face, but in his diary, he only criticized Marshall.
Dissatisfied with Marshall's mediation plan, the Communists immediately began a second civil war as soon as Marshall left the United States on the front foot. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek also believed that when Marshall proposed the mediation plan, in order to curb the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he suggested that Chiang Kai-shek transfer most of his elite troops to the northeast. It was precisely this policy that led to Chiang Kai-shek's inability to invest more combat power in the War of Liberation, which led to the passivity of defense in the later period.
Marshall
As for Stalin, he would also become the object of Chiang Kai-shek's hatred, not because Stalin supported Chairman Mao's Communist Party, and the Kuomintang and the Soviet Union even reduced their stable diplomatic relations during the Northern Expedition. It was not until later that Zhang Xueliang, because of the support of Chiang Kai-shek, took over the right to use the Middle East Railway by force, and the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang broke off diplomatic relations, during which the Soviet Union also demanded that the Kuomintang recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia, so after the end of the Anti-Japanese War, the diplomatic relations between the two fell to a freezing point.
In the early days of the War of Liberation, Stalin viewed the Kuomintang-Communist civil war with a neutral attitude, but with the success of the three major battles of the Communist Party, Stalin saw that the general trend of the Kuomintang was gone, and out of diplomatic confrontation and to win over the Communist Party, which was about to replace the Kuomintang's dominant position, Stalin directly provided weapons support to the Communist Party. The Communists used these weapons in the northeast, resulting in the military strength of the Kuomintang in the northeast being quickly tilted over, and eventually allowing the Communists to successfully recover the three northeastern provinces.
The three northeastern provinces were China's most important industrial bases at that time and the starting point of the industrialization of new China, and the loss of the three northeastern provinces would be equivalent to the loss of the manufacturing capacity of China's industrial products. It can be seen from this that although Stalin did not directly help the Communist Party, he played a decisive role in the decisive victory of the War of Liberation, which made Chiang Kai-shek hate it endlessly, and even some people in later generations believed that without Stalin's help, Chiang Kai-shek would not have lost the War of Liberation.
Stalin
As for the last Li Zongren, Chiang Kai-shek hated him not because he wanted to replace Chiang Kai-shek's leadership after the defeat of the Kuomintang in the civil war, but because of the inaction of his Gui army in the civil war. Because of the division of factions, the Kuomintang army's combat effectiveness was uneven, super strong, but also very weak. Among them, in addition to Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army, Li Zongren's Gui troops were the most fierce, especially during the anti-Japanese war, which can almost be said to be the main force of the Kuomintang.
However, after the civil war, the Gui army was unable to contribute, especially to the most important Battle of Huaihai for the Kuomintang, and even after the incident, Li Zongren tried to join forces with Bai Chongxi to force Chiang Kai-shek to step down. This kind of behavior of falling into the well undoubtedly made Chiang Kai-shek have no good feelings.
However, after Chiang Kai-shek stepped down, he still firmly controlled the military and political power of the Kuomintang, and although Li Zongren was president, he was useless. However, although Chiang Kai-shek hated Li Zongren, he did not think of taking Li Zongren's life, on the one hand, because Li Zongren was powerful, and on the other hand, although Li Zongren opposed Chiang Kai-shek, he also maintained Chiang Kai-shek's ruling position in the past, so although Chiang Kai-shek hated him, he was much less than Marshall and Stalin.
The above is the fundamental reason why Chiang Kai-shek thought that he was defeated after fleeing to Taiwan, but in fact, what Chiang Kai-shek did not know was that he himself was the culprit who caused the fiasco of the Kuomintang. If he had not connived at the corruption of the four major families, causing the domestic economy to collapse, the Kuomintang would not have lost the hearts of the people, and the masses of the people would not have turned their backs on themselves; in the final analysis, the Kuomintang government, which relied on comprador capital and imperialist support, would have run counter to the people at the bottom from the very beginning, and it would have been a matter of time before it was defeated.
Of course, Chiang Kai-shek is not a person who is not completely introspective, and after retiring to Taiwan, he reorganized the Kuomintang and vigorously eliminated corrupt elements in order to resolve the party disputes with serious influence, which enabled Chiang Ching-kuo, who succeeded him later, to revitalize Taiwan's economy and have the foundation for becoming the four Asian tigers.