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Sengoku Clay History: Tell the strange anecdotes and historical stories of Japan's Sengoku period!
▲Simulated castle keep
Japan's 100 Great Castle No. 47: Ueno Castle
Ueno Castle
The ancient Japanese castle that was once located in Iga Kingdom, which is today's Ueno Marunouchi (Ueno Park) in Iga City, Mie Prefecture, belonged to Hirayama Castle. In the past, it was also known as Hakuho Castle and Iga Ueno Castle.
▲Iga Ueno Castle Monument
Iga Ueno Castle is a typical hirayama castle built on a hill on the north side of the Ueno Terrace at an altitude of 184 meters in the middle of the Ueno Basin. To the north of the castle is the Hattori and Takusue rivers, to the south is the Kume River, and to the west is the main stream of the Kizu River, which is located in an important position in the castle and the town of Seongoshita.
The predecessors of Ueno Castle were Hiraku-ji Temple and Inokkan, which were used as fortresses in the early days. ( ) 's courtiers built a castle on the site of Pingle Temple.
However, during the battle of Komaki Nagaku's hand, the castle was captured.
In the 13th year of Tenshō (1585), Iga Ueno Castle was renovated.
▲Takatora Todo
In the 16th year of Keicho's reign (1611), he was ordered to expand Iga Ueno Castle. However, due to the eventual destruction of the Toyotomi clan in the Battle of Osaka, the construction of Iga Ueno Castle was declared suspended. The main parts of the castle, such as Honmaru and Ninomaru, except for the castle mansions, were left unfinished through the Edo period.
In 1967, the area around the old castle of Iga Ueno Castle was designated as a national historical site. The neighborhood, including the castle, was converted into Ueno Park.
▲ Hai Temple
There are haiku shrines and basho memorial halls for sacrifices, as well as the Iga Ryu Ninja Museum, which has become a sightseeing mecca for Iga Ueno, and various events are also held.
The 30-meter-tall Ishigaki (actually the tallest in Osaka Castle), which was built and is the largest in Japan, and the existing Takeshizo and Yonekura within the mie prefectural Ueno High School were relocated as part of the museum and are located in Ueno Park today.
Now, located on the Iga Ueno Castle Keep, the 3rd-story, 3-step Large Castle Keep is actually a simulated castle keep built in the early Showa period (opening image of the article), and its official name is "Iga Bunka Industrial Castle".
History of Iga Ueno Castle
The Heian period
▲Ping Kiyomori
Legend has it that the predecessor of Iga Ueno Castle was Hira kiyomori in the Heian period, and the Hiraku-ji Temple and the great temple were established on the hills of the Iga Kingdom.
Muromachi period
On the hill where we now call Iga Ueno Castle Nishi-no-maru, the residence and office (guardian house) of the Iga Kingdom Guardian Daimyo Ninmu Clan was once established: the Nishiki Clan Pavilion.
However, the Niki family, which was the guardian of the Iga Kingdom at the time, began to decline in the middle of the Muromachi period, and was an unworthy daimyō in the Sengoku period. In addition to the support of the central region of the Iga Kingdom, the northern and southern parts of the Iga Kingdom have almost completely lost control.
To this end, the Daimyo Renmu family repeatedly launched crusades to restore their authority, but all failed. In the battle against the Takushi clan, even the main general was killed in the crusade. Eventually, the Life of the Niki clan became more and more impoverished, and they could only rely on the hao clan in the central part of the Iga Kingdom to survive, becoming the object of ridicule and insult, and completely losing control of the entire Iga Kingdom.
However, the lord of the Nishiki clan still spent a lot of money to buy tea utensils, and repeatedly did things that were completely inconsistent with the economic strength, which led to the anger of the Hao clan that provided him, and eventually invaded the Nimki clan and expelled him, and the Inki clan fled to the Shimbaku region to guard the "temporary" demise of the daimyo Inki clan.
After receiving support, he became the guardian of the Iga Kingdom again, but he was completely unable to gain the support of the people of the Iga Kingdom, and eventually he was banished again and disappeared from history. Because of this incident, Iga Kuni formally established an anti-Oda family position, which was historically called "Iga Sokuni Ichigoku".
Warring States period
▲Oda Nobuo
In September of the 7th year of Tenshō (1579), the Ise Kingdom sent 8,000 troops to pacify the Iga Kingdom, and the historical "Tenshō Iga Rebellion" broke out. The final forces were defeated by the united Iga people.
In September of the 9th year of Tenshō (1581), the defeat finally attracted the Great Demon King. Personally led 45,000 people, and finally completely flattened the Iga Kingdom. Oda Nobuo's courtiers · Takikawa Yutoshi became the guardian of Iga Kingdom.
During his tenure, he renovated the great temple, Maruyama Castle, and Takikawa Clan Castle, and completed full control over the Iga Kingdom. Subsequently, the change of Honnoji Temple was ushered in, and the forces gradually seized power after their deaths.
In October of the 12th year of Tenshō (1584), the vassals of ( ) became the guardians of the Iga Kingdom. However, only one year later, Tenshō was transferred to setsuko in 1585.
Tsutsui clan control period
In August of the 13th year of Tenshō (1585), three months after leaving Iga Kingdom. The Iga Kuni guardians have welcomed a new candidate. Yamashiro, Yamato-gun, was given the surname "Haba" and became the master of the Iga Kingdom. After coming to Iga Kingdom, he decided to build a new castle at the ruins of hiraku-ji Temple and The Niki clan hall that were destroyed in the war during the Tenshō Iga Rebellion.
▲ The stone stele where the Tsutsui clan built the castle tower
Honmaru was built on top of a hill and built a three-story castle tower. Ninomaru was built west of Honmaru, Sannomaru was built under the North Mountain, and the Ōte Gate (main gate) was built on Sannomaru. According to research, the northeast side of today's Castle Yomiyashiki (the official residence of the acting lord) is the location where the Tsutsutsui clan built the castle tower.
In the 5th year of Keicho (1600), the Battle of Sekigahara broke out. Tsutsui joined the Eastern Army led by Tokugawa Ieyasu and led the troops to participate in the Eastern Army's campaign against the Aizu side. Iga Ueno Castle was handed over to the acting lord to stay behind.
At that time, the lord of Takatsu Castle, takatsu Castle, which was subordinate to the Western Army, led an army to attack Iga Ueno Castle. The acting lord fled without a fight and hid in Mount Koya. The leaders who participated in the expedition learned of this news, and with permission, led the headquarters back to the Iga Kingdom and successfully recaptured Iga Ueno Castle. After the Battle of Sekigahara, the father and son were converted for subordination to the Western Army, and the domain was preserved, and the Iga Ueno Domain was established.
But things didn't go so well...
In order to besiege the Osaka Castle of the Toyotomi family, Tokugawa Ieyasu Castle and Iga Ueno Castle were geographically important and needed to be consolidated.
In June of the 13th year of Keicho (1608), under the pretext of always doing some sneaky things (with and close contacts), including the resignation of the heavy minister (left near) to join the Western Army, and then, one after another, resigned, showing the dereliction of duty, and the territory was confiscated.
The territory to which he and his son were transferred was placed under house arrest (some accounts say it was due to the refusal to renounce Christianity) was historically known as the "Tsutomu Riot".
Period of control of the Fujido clan
In August 1608, the famous castle builders in Japanese history were relocated from Iyo Kuniwa and Shima castle to Iga Ueno Kingdom. In addition to fighting against the remnants of the Toyotomi family in Osaka Castle, Fujido Takaho was also a very important force in suppressing the power of the Yamato and Kii kingdoms.
In the first month of the 16th year of Keicho (1611), Fujido Takatoshi officially began to renovate Iga Ueno Castle, and in order to target Osaka Castle, the fortifications on the west side of the castle were specially strengthened.
[It is splendid from the castle base of The High Base Setsaka of the high base "Public office chronology"]
The "Castle of Resaka" mentioned above refers to Osaka Castle in Toyotomi Hiderai. This means that the Iga Ueno Castle "Takashigaki" built by Fujido Takatoshi is even better than the Ishigaki of Osaka Castle.
During the Tsutsutsui clan, Iga Ueno Castle was incorporated into the castle defense system as the "out-of-town" of osaka castle defense;
During the Fujido clan, Iga Ueno Castle became an offensive fortress as the "vanguard" in the attack on Osaka Castle;
On September 2, 1612, due to a major storm, the unfinished five-story castle tower collapsed, killing 180 people and injuring many others.
In the first year of Motowa (1615), the Osaka Summer Battle ended, the Toyotomi family perished, and Tokugawa Ieyasu unified Japan. At this time, there was no longer any opponent to be wary of, and the castle tower of Iga Ueno Castle did not continue to be built. In the time that followed, takato fujido, the lord of the city, also made Tsu Castle, which had convenient transportation, as his residence, and Iga Ueno Castle as his branch castle (satellite castle).
After the promulgation of the "One Country, One Castle Order", Iga Ueno Castle was retained, and Fujido Takatoro's younger brother, Fujido Hdo, served as the castle (acting lord).
▲A drawing of Ueno Castle from the Takaho period of Fujido
In the 8th year of Bunsei (1825), the last lord of Iga Ueno Castle was Takayoshi Fujido. Iga Ueno Castle had previously been the hereditary domain of the Fujido family.
Modern period
1869 (Meiji 2) - The edition was returned. After the Meiji Restoration, it was disposed of as a ruined castle under the "Abolition Order", and like other castles, Iga Ueno Castle demolished many buildings on the ishigaki.
1873 (Meiji 7) - After the exposition was held, the Taiko Yaki and Shimono no Nodan Rice Storage (granary) were purchased by the people. Centered on the Higashi Ōtemon Gate, the Mie Prefectural Office was established · Ueno Branch Office and Third Guard Station.
1887 (Meiji 20) - Dongdaemun disintegrates.
1896 (Meiji 29) - Iga, an industrialist, planned the area around the castle, which was turned into a park and used as a resting space for residents.
1907 (Meiji 40) - The Destruction of Seodaimun.
1935 (Showa 10) - Katsuru Kawasaki, then a member of the House of Representatives, uses private property to fund the construction of the "Simulated Castle Keep".
December 27, 1967 (Showa 42) - Designated as a National Historic Site.
The film Shadow Samurai, released from 1980 (Showa 55) to April, was used as a filming location.
April 6, 2006 - Selected as one of Japan's 100 castles (No. 47).
From September 1 to November 30, 2011 (Heisei 23) - the 400th Anniversary of The Fortress Festival was held (based on major renovations).
Castle of Iga Ueno Castle
▲Higashi Ōtemon (not extant)
▲Shinobu Inoudo (Mizui)
When Iga Ueno Castle was greatly fortified, the main purpose was to prevent the troops from failing in the Battle of Osaka Castle, and a castle large enough to contain the troops, resist the pursuit of osaka castle troops in the west, and may even face a long defensive battle. Therefore, Iga Ueno Castle pays more attention to the practical role of actual combat than gorgeous and beautiful.
Legend has it that for this purpose, Takatoro Fujido commanded the ninjas of the Iga clan to secretly travel to 58 japanese countries and draw a map of the defense of 148 castles as a reference material.
▲Nishi Ōtemon (not extant)
After being expanded, Iga Ueno Castle reached three times the size of the era, about 7,000 tsubo. The west side of the era's Honmaru was expanded and merged with the old Honmaru to form the new Honmaru.
A vast perimeter was built in the southern part of Honmaru, known as Ninomaru, and later the name was changed to be known as Higashi-no-Takadai.
[Note: 1 room in Edo = 6 feet = 1.818 meters]
The outer trench on the east side is 218 (396.3 m) and 12 wide (21.8 m);
The trench on the south side is 488 (887.1 m) and 15 wide (27.2 m);
The trench on the west side is 254 (461.7 m) and 12 wide (21.8 m);
The trench on the north side is 17 rooms wide (30.9 m);
▲Miyashiki (not extant)
The earthen moats and trenches beneath the "North Mountain" make flexible use of the stuff of the Tsutsui era. Inside the Two Pills is the residence of a highly respected courtier.
The terrace west of Honmaru and across the Uchihori (trench) is near the sports field of the current Mie Prefectural Ueno High School, which was originally used as the residence and godo of the lord of the domain.
The town of Kinoshita is located in the southern part of the outer hori (trench) and consists of Honmachi, Nimachi, and Mimachi. Mimachisuji has a merchant town for the consumption of courtiers and residents. Originally, a trench was planned to be built on the south side of the Mimachi-soji, but due to the suspension of the expansion, it became an outer racecourse.
In addition, there are samurai towns and oshino towns known as "outer wheels" in the southern area of Baba, and there are longhouses (dormitories) with gun sets and footlight further south, which are called gun towns.
The southern end of Oshinocho is inhabited by farmhouses, and a town gradually formed, known as Higashieda Town.
▲Takeshizo (extant)
In June of the 7th year of Kanaga (1854), the town of Castle, headed by Iga Ueno Castle, suffered severe damage, most of the buildings in the castle were damaged, and the stone walls were damaged everywhere. After that, the Goten, the Castle Service Office, the Takeshizo, the Mizo, the Higashi-Ōtemon Gate, and the Nishi-Ōtemon Gate were minimally restored as necessary components of the castle. However, the outer tower (arrow tower) was not rebuilt, and only the drum tower and the diamond tower were left to prevent collapse.
High Stone Wall
Comparable to the Ishigaki of Osaka Castle, it is one of the highest ancient walls in Japan. From the cornerstone to the top totaled 29.7 meters.
▲High stone wall
▲ High ishigaki and moat
Iga Cultural Industry City
Iga Culture and Industry Castle
He is a member of the House of Representatives and invested in a simulated castle keep built on the site of Iga Ueno Castle.
Katsumi Kawasaki based on the ideal that "the city of offensive and defensive strategies will sometimes perish, but the city of cultural industries will not disappear in human life", and named it "Iga Cultural Industry City".
On October 14, 1932, the construction of the Jizhen Festival was performed and construction began.
▲ Old photo of the shangliang ceremony (1933)
On November 19, 1933, the ceremony of the upper beam was held.
On October 18, 1935, the construction of the castle was completed.
▲Simulated keep
According to the strong demand for pure Japanese wind, unlike the Osaka Castle Revival Castle, which was rebuilt with concrete buildings in the same period, the "Iga Bunkyo Castle (Simulated Castle Keep)" in Iga Ueno Castle adopts the shape of a tower-type castle tower with wooden tiles and white lacquer painted with cages, with a total of 3 floors and a height of 23 meters. A small morido of 2 levels and 2 steps was also built next to it.
Because it was not designed according to historical research, a three-story castle keep was built on the five-story castle keep, so only about half of the land used by the castle keep was used.
In 1985, the simulated castle keep also houses cultural relics such as the blackened helmet of Takato Fujido, and in 1985, this simulated castle tower also became a tangible cultural heritage of Iga City.
July... It's about to ship, it's really busy!!
There are really many things, and I am about to travel to Hangzhou, I feel that I have recently supported the Ministry of Railways and civil aviation enough, and the distance has already exceeded 99% of the Chinese.