In the early morning of the twenty-second day of the first month of the fifty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1715), the first sun was thin, and the 76-year-old Pu Songling got up as usual, although due to the occasional wind chill a few days ago, he was a little breathless, and the ribs were a little painful, but there was no major trouble. He washed up alone, ate breakfast, went to a hundred steps away on crutches to pull, children and grandchildren were afraid of his accident, wanted to make him close and convenient, but he insisted on giving up the near and far, the children and grandchildren had no choice, had to hold him around, Pu Songling was very angry, you are all too annoying, I can do it myself.
After eating lunch, Pu Songling went back to the house to sleep, it was already unitary, the sunset was slanting westward, the red light filled the room, he walked to the desk in front of the window, and was sitting precariously, holding the "Liaozhai Zhiyi" that he had spent his life painstakingly writing, smiling. When his children and grandchildren asked him for dinner, he found that he had quietly passed away without leaving a single word.
On the evening of April 16, 1640, the thirteenth year of Daming Chongzhen,Pu Songling was born in the north house of the former residence of Pujiazhuang in Zichuan City, Shandong Province. Pujiazhuang was originally named Manjing, zhuangdong has a well, the water storage is always full, overflowing into a stream, so there is this name, Yang Liu Yiyi, ring cage cover, with the creek. Pu Songling's ancestor was named Pu Shou Geng, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Pu Shou Geng occupied Quanzhou, Lu Xiufu took the little emperor to defect, Pu Shou Geng closed the door and surrendered to the Yuan court, causing 100,000 soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty to throw themselves into the sea.
Yuan Ding fell, the Ming Dynasty established the country, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the slaughter of the descendants of the Pu clan, the male generation is a slave, and the female generation is a prostitute. Pu Songling's ancestor was named Pu Luhun, who was killed and left alone, changed his surname to Yang, and was raised in the Yang clan of the outer family, and by the middle of Hongwu, he had restored the Pu surname; by the end of the Ming Dynasty, the surname of the son was increasingly complicated, and the manjing Zhuang where he lived was renamed Pujiazhuang.
Pu Songling's father's name is Pu Rong, less willing to study, hands do not release the volume, the instrument knowledge is super far, although the life is not in the show talent, just a child, but the knowledge is very knowledgeable, began to do a little business, and later returned home to plant the land, neutralized, moody and angry. When Pu Songling's mother gave birth to him, she dreamed that a thin and sick monk had walked in, and a copper-sized ointment was attached to his navel. When Pu Songling was born, sure enough, there was a black mole the size of a copper coin on the navel.
In the seventh year of Shunzhi of the Great Qing Dynasty (1650), Pu Songling was eleven years old and began to study with his father. Pu Songling is intelligent by nature, and his father likes him very much. In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), Pu Songling was 18 years old and married his wife Liu Shi. Liu Shi was gentle and virtuous, simple and taciturn, and was bullied by the concubines, and Pu Yu saw that the brothers could not go on, so he divided their families, and Pu Songling was given twenty acres of thin land, a number of dilapidated agricultural tools, and an old house. Pu Songling studied for a career, and the family life was all managed by Liu's strength. Liu Shi was poor and conservative, sewing and mending his clothes so that he would not freeze, and drink porridge every day without going hungry. Living within her means, the loom does not quit, even if the harvest year, but also go out to pick wild vegetables to subsidize life, Pu Songling emotionally said that she "cherishes the blessing".
In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), the 19-year-old Pu Songling was born in the middle school examination. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Shandong Qixia Yu Leji raised an army to resist the Qing, and the Qing court sent troops to suppress it, implicating many people, and hundreds of people were cursed to be killed in the martial arts field, full of blue blood and white bones. Pu Songling witnessed the tragic situation with his own eyes, and later wrote it into the "Wild Dog" and "Gongsun Jiuniang" of "Liaozhai Zhiyi". This year, the Suzhou Weeping Temple case occurred, the great talent Jin Shengsi was killed, and he said two words before dying, so painful.
In the third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1664), Pu Songling studied at the home of his friend Li Yaochen. The two "face the window, the night lights, and the phase is successful." He also made a study plan, "Recite a book every day, read a book every day, and mark the day every morning." The day was fruitless, and he was ashamed and frightened, and sweated."
Why do you want two people to read books together? One is to discuss each other, and the other is to encourage each other. People are inert, and if no one supervises, they will not want to do anything. Many people around us were ambitious at the beginning, studying for graduate school, taking the exam, and examining the exam, but there were few successful people, the main reason being that after leaving the school, there was no learning atmosphere and their own concentration was insufficient.
Li Yaochen read hard at Qingyun Temple, taking the meaning of "flat step Qingyun", Pu Songling went to visit and composed a poem: The peaks are folded layer by layer, and the spring springs are looking for an increase. The mountains are quiet and peach blossoms are hidden into the bones, and the valleys and deep streams are as light as monks. The cliffs are full of green clouds, and the Zen temple is desolate and ghostly. In the hills and ravines of the deceased, the lights were picked up in the wind and rain at half a window.
In the ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1670), the 31-year-old Pu Songling went south to Baoying, Jiangsu Province, and served as an aide to the county commander Sun Hui. The reason why she abandoned her wife and son and ran so far to work is because her family is too poor to live. Passing through Xinzhou, it suddenly rained, and the guest stayed in the hotel with a surname Liu, who told him the story of the local Sangsheng and the fox spirit in love. Pu Songling was quite touched, so he became a "Lotus Fragrance" article, and later included in "Liaozhai Zhiyi".
When he came to Baoying, he wrote to his wife to report peace, and the poem said: "Years of haggard chasing wind and dust, mink hiding who pities JiZi poor." The wind blew down the wood in the evening, and Xiao Xiao complained about the pedestrians. Autumn crippled bones are cold, and the soul in the dream is not remembered. Where the book of the goose foot is sent, the sail is unharmed and the journey is new.
Pu Songling traveled all over Yangzhou, saw big rivers and small rivers, and gave poetry: The detention journey has been reduced over the years, and it is not enough to be ambitious.
In the eleventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1672), Pu Songling returned to his hometown and opened a museum to teach. Friends who have seen "The History of Ru Lin" know that ninety-nine out of a hundred cannot pass the examination for the imperial examination, and most people stop at the first order of xiucai. However, if you are admitted to the show, you can't eat the imperial food, and you still need to make a living for yourself. After all, after studying, it is impossible to go to the construction site to move bricks, generally either to be a child king, while doing tutoring while studying, ready to retake the exam, anyway, there is no age limit. Either go to yamen to work as a staff member, or go to the shop to be a bookkeeper, or carry a medicine box to be a doctor, "Confucian doctors do not distinguish."
In the thirteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1674), the San Francisco rebellion, the following year, the imperial court issued an order to "donate" in order to raise military expenses. That is to say, without exams, you can spend money to buy, clearly mark the price, and Tong Shu is not deceived. Each tongsheng donated 100 taels of silver, and Xiucai donated 112 taels of silver each. Here is a brief introduction to the Ming and Qing dynasty examination system.
Qing raid ming system, three years a test. The first order is called Tongsheng, and Tongsheng is tested in the county, and the tongsheng in the examination is equivalent to having a school registration. The second order is called Xiucai, the city examination (state), the examination in the xiucai does not have to donate grain and pay taxes, and those who see the officials do not have to kneel. The third order is called lifting people, the provincial examination (province), the examination is a reserve official, with the qualifications to be an official, but whether you can be an official still has to find a way. The fourth order is called jinshi, the beijing master examination, and the examination can be given to the official. The fifth order is called the palace examination, the emperor personally interviews, and the person who can get the emperor's interview is the dragon and phoenix among the people.
Pu Songling has not been admitted to xiucai in his life, but is just a child. Ji Xiaolan, who wrote in the previous article, ranked fourth in the second division of the middle temple examination. This is the difference between scum and bully.
In the fifteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1676), Pu Songling was 37 years old and composed the words "Autumn Willow", which contains the sentence "Leaning on the west wind with infinite hatred, leaving sorrow and parting one by one". A friend invited me to dinner and wrote the words "Qinyuan Spring", which included the sentence "I am crazy like a silk" in the middle of nowhere. You can see the bitterness of the mood.
In the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1679), Pu Songling was 40 years old, and the book "Liaozhai Zhiyi" was written. Sage Cloud, forty is not confused. That is to say, when a person lives to be forty years old, he who should understand will understand, and those who should not understand will not have to understand, know what he should do, hurry up, and when he is fifty years old, he will not succeed, and it depends on Providence (knowing the Mandate of Heaven). Pu Songling lived to the age of forty to achieve nothing, was poor, and was a "loser" in the secular sense, and the only thing he could talk about masturbating was to write about the "useless works" of gods and ghosts. These articles can not be exchanged for fame and fortune, nor can they be exchanged for chai rice oil and salt, which is purely boring to pass the time, and there is actually no difference between playing games and playing mahjong and chess. "If you don't do boring things, why do you have an end to life"?
He said in "Liaozhai Zizhi", "Talent is not dry treasure, Ya is good at searching for God." Love huangzhou, happy to talk about ghosts. If you smell it, you will write it, and then you will write it. For a long time, the four parties are the same people, and they send each other in the mailbox, and the things are gathered well, and the accumulation is more." The reason why Pu Songling wrote these things is mainly because he likes it, "those who know are not as good as those who are good." Over time, people knew that he wrote ghost stories, so they submitted articles one after another, and the materials kept pouring in to him, and he edited these stories and integrated them into one volume.
He suddenly remembered that when he was a child, his mother told him that when he was born, he dreamed of an old and sick and poor monk with a money-shaped plaster on his navel, and his current situation was no different from the monk's face to wall meditation and knocking on wooden fish chanting, "The door is lonely, cold as a monk; pen and ink are cultivated, depressed like a bowl." I thought to myself, in his previous life, he might indeed be a monk who had descended demons and demons, had seen countless gods and ghosts, and reincarnated in this life, and he wanted to write down these gods, spirits, and ghosts.
In the nineteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1680), Pu Songling officially opened a school in Xipu Biji, Xixiang, Zichuan. Kangxi twenty-three years (1684), Pu Songling put the calendar year of social writing into a book, wrote, I did not receive a good family education since I was a child, I like to smear east and west, a long time, everyone knows my name, often with my poetry and singing, I can not be bothered, I joked with them, do not invite to eat or write poetry, the original intention is to hope that everyone will be less annoyed with me, even so, invite me to eat and drink more and more people, are some disease-free groaning works, vulgar intolerable. I gathered these into a book, put them on the desk, and waited for the ashes to fall.
In the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1685), Pu Songling supplemented the county's liaosheng. The students who are given meals by the public must be given silver four or two every year for the children who should take the examination to ensure that they have no wealth and imposters. In this year, the famous lyricist Naran Rongruo died at the age of 31.
In the twenty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1687), Pu Songling was 48 years old and went to Jinan Province to take the exam before falling in the first place, which was the last exam in his life. The ancients, thirty unmarried, should not remarry, forty unmarried, should not be remarried. A person who cannot pass the meritorious examination at the age of forty shows that he should die without the fate of relying on reading to eat. Pu Songling "mourning is greater than the heart does not die", the exam to nearly fifty, not even a show talent was admitted, the heart is depressed, can be imagined.
After returning from jinan to take the exam, Pu Songling took a self-portrait in the mirror and found that the white hair was overgrown, sighing, and the white whiskers were white, and the years added a stem, and the tongs went to rebirth. The mirror was pale, and I felt indignant.
In the twenty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1690), Pu Songling wrote "Pancake Fu", "round as a moon, as big as a copper plutonium, as thin as the paper of the creek, as color as the plume of a yellow crane, with the smoke of Li and brought with it, the color is silky and green, the morning is full and twilight, and the belly is full of thunder", which makes people feel like drops.
In the forty years of the Kangxi Dynasty (1701), Pu Songling was 62 years old, and composed the Seven Laws "Revisiting Qingyun Temple": The return of the guests in the deep mountains in the spring, the earthly clothes and the birds guessed. Passing through the ridge, the monks were far away, and when they entered the forest, they saw the door of the temple open. Flowers are not found in the fragrant valley, and the trees are piled up with unknown greenery. The scenery is still half different, and the scenery is wandering around. Qingyun is still the same, things are not people. Friends of the past are gone, ambitions are worn away, and only sighs remain.
In this year, Wu Jingzi, who wrote the "History of Ru Lin", was born.
In the forty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1705), the Lantern Festival, Pu Songling drank porridge and lost half of his teeth, and wrote a poem: The old teeth are gradually withering, and the tongue may as well survive. The situation is still half of the wall, and the mutilation is still complete. In the summer and autumn of this year, from Jinan to Qingzhou, the wolf plague was raging, and people did not dare to walk alone during the day. Pu Songling heard rumors from various counties and wrote three "Wolves".
On the sixth day of July in the forty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1707), heavy snow fell in Suzhou, and the people were terrified and prayed to the heavens.
In the forty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1709), Pu Songling ended his thirty-year teaching career and returned to his hometown to live idly.
In the forty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1710), Pu Songling composed the poem "Dou Room": Liaozhai has a house that only accommodates knees, and the soil is woven into the old wall. Short tatami letter draws sleeping books, and the sun goes up to the south window of bamboo shadow bi. The old and tired fly in love with the old house, and the mood is also suitable for leisure and dreams.
In the fifty years of the Kangxi Dynasty (1711), Pu Songling made up for the age of Tribute. Gongsheng is roughly equivalent to the current "baosheng", indicating that those who have excellent grades in the Qing dynasty and the Qing Dynasty can (without examination) enter the Jingshi Guozijian to study. Of course, Pu Songling could not go to school, he just had this qualification. It's like a high school student with excellent grades and the qualification to go to college, but whether to go or not is to choose.
In the fifty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1713), Pu Songling was 74 years old, and his wife Liu Shi died at the age of 71. Pu Songling wrote a mournful and sad eulogy, he reviewed the life of his wife Xianliang Shude, not to think that he was poor, not to think that he was incompetent, although poor and lowly couple, but Pepsi did not fade, the life was well organized, often told Pu Songling, I have no other strengths, but I know that I am always happy. Although the days are hard, our children and grandchildren have books to read, and they have not starved or frozen, which is the greatest gift from Heaven to us.
Liu Clan lived with him all his life, in addition to the old festival did not eat meat, Pu Songling went out to travel, Liu Clan had good food, he did not want to eat, he left it for Pu Songling, and when Pu Songling returned, he was already corrupt and could not eat. Pu Songling was fifty years old and still wanted to take the exam, Liu Shi persuaded him, don't take the exam, if you can eat this bowl of rice, now it will already fly yellow Tengda. It's also good to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests, so don't force yourself. Pu Songling listened and never wanted to go on.
Throughout Pu Songling's life, if from a secular point of view, he is a thorough "loser", after reading books for half a lifetime without being admitted to xiucai, teaching half a lifetime of books to be poor and self-exalted, he also has many powerful friends, but "the friendship of gentlemen is as light as water", and he has never asked people to do anything. He also strives, he also struggles, he also seeks success in the worldly sense, brocade and jade food, flowers and flowers, not a famous scholar like Tao Yuanming who hides in the mountains and forests. Unfortunately, the sky did not go according to people's wishes, and they could only sigh in vain.
In fact, Pu Songling's life is the life of our ordinary people. I also worked hard to study, but unfortunately I went to a third-rate school, and I was not competitive in society; I also worked hard, but unfortunately I worked hard and fulfilled my duties, but I stopped moving forward for many years, neither promotion nor salary increase, and let the years pass; the wife was not beautiful but virtuous, the son was not smart but obedient, everything was not satisfactory but plain, so day after day, year after year. There are also friends who are mixed up, but they never bother.
Although real life is a chicken feather, Pu Songling did not go with the flow, he found another wonderful for his ordinary life, that is, to write novels. He built a colorful art pavilion out of thin air, carefully built a magnificent literary palace, and gave his life a hardness and breadth. As Wang Xiaobo said, we must not only have an ordinary life, but also have a dream world. Each of us must learn from Pu Songling's spirit of rejecting the ordinary and live our limited lives into infinite excitement.
Pu Songling once wrote to himself an inspirational couplet: Those who have lofty ideals can accomplish things, lie down and taste their guts, three thousand Yue Jia can swallow Wu; bitter people do not bear the burden of heaven, break the cauldron and sink the boat, and the hundred and two Qin Guans will eventually belong to Chu.
Encourage the kings.
Mr. Lu Xun spoke highly of the literary value of this book: the book of the Late Ming Dynasty ZhiWei, which is more or less concise and absurd; "Liaozhai Zhiyi" is unique in detail, which is ordinary, makes the flower demon fox charming, multi-human, and easy to be amiable, forget to be an outlier, and occasionally see the crane, know the non-human. Describe the song, narrate the order, use the legendary method, and use the strange, changeable state, such as in the present; or easy to adjust the string, do not tell the deformity of the strange deeds, out of the illusion, suddenly into the world; occasional trivia, but also more concise, so the reader's eyes and ears, for a new.
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