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Pu Songling, the character Liuxian, the number of Liuquan, lives in Zichuan, Shandong.
Born in 1640, that is, the thirteenth year of Ming Chongzhen, he died in the fifty-fourth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty at the age of 75, which was definitely a long life at that time.
The Pu family is a scholarly door, but the family road falls, Pu Songling married his wife Liu Shi when he was 18 years old, and was only assigned to the "three old farmhouses on the farm", borrowing a door panel to separate the inner and outer houses.
Pu Songling is a reading seed, at the age of 19, he took the Xiucai exam for the first time, and won the three firsts in the county, the government, and the province, and became a young celebrity. It is said that Shizi Dengke "enjoyed the horseshoe disease in the spring breeze and saw all the Chang'an flowers in one day", which was the case in his year.
Sadly, it was also the only peak moment in his life. For the next fifty years, he was stuck at the level of Xiucai. At the age of 71, he received a year-old gongsheng, that is, a place for further study selected to be sent to the Guozijian.
He went to Jiangsu at the age of 30 to work as a close friend for a year.
For the remaining nearly forty years, he continued to teach private schools in a large household in the county.
For such a long time, he kept the study alone, and did not return to his hometown until a few years before his death.
He described his "Liaozhai" as a work of solitude and indignation.
Thinking of Sima Qian's lonely anger, including the place at the end of the story, the "Different History Clan Yue" that is the same as the "Taishi Gongyan" of the "Shi Ji", plus this self-prologue that resembles the self-prologue of the Tai Shi Gong, it can probably be speculated that Pu Songling's "Liaozhai" may not be just a popular literary creation.
Why did he choose to use the story of gods and monsters to express it? Pu Songling said that he has loved to collect ghost stories since he was a child and has always had the habit of listening to and taking notes.
Legend has it that he specially set up a tea stall on the side of the road, inviting passers-by to drink tea and listen to ghost stories. Many friends know his hobbies and have collected ghost stories from all over the world and sent them to him.
When Pu Songling was 40 years old, the first draft of "Liaozhai" had already taken shape, and this "Self-Zhi" was written at that time. But the work of continuing to create and process continued into his later years.
The stories collected by Pu Songling are the rough raw materials of vernacular dictation, which are spoken by the Qing Dynasty on a daily basis, and the literary language in "Liaozhai" is two languages.
There are many more stories in Liaozhai that are true and false, and the ancients and our perception of the world are completely different.
Pu Songling strictly adheres to Confucian etiquette, and although he writes such stories, in reality, he also adopts a respectful attitude towards ghosts and gods.
Pu Songling has never been far away for almost a lifetime, and in terms of identity, he is just a poor talent who teaches. However, he had a high opinion of himself and was very confident in his political and literary talents.
After a person has experienced fifty years of his high and low, self-doubt, mentality and human design have all collapsed. It's extraordinary to be able to maintain this confidence.
Of course, there are also many people who inflate without reason, and serious ones belong to mania.
Pu Songling was neither ignorant nor arrogant, but from the worldly perspective at that time, it seemed that he did not have any self-confidence.
In fact, this is also the problem we will encounter: how to look at ourselves? Is there value in what I choose to do? Or even, is my life meaningful?
Take Pu Songling as an example.
The first is to crack ignorance. Go through as many books as you can.
Pu Songling's knowledge is very extensive, and the allusions used in "Liaozhai" far exceed the knowledge structure of ordinary readers at that time. Therefore, he can compare his insights and words with the outstanding representatives of history.
The second is to crack inaction. Pu Songling not only taught and wrote "Liaozhai", but also actively participated in social affairs. In terms of writings, he has also written a large number of poems, drama slang, and done a lot of folk culture collection and knowledge popularization work.
He wrote the "Nongsang Jing" to disseminate agricultural knowledge, edited the "Book of Medicine" to explain medical health, and also compiled the "Daily Customs" and "Marriage Book" to popularize culture to the villagers. He has always participated in the local administration and justice as a scholar, written many petitions for the people, and participated in disaster relief and relief. By the time he was in his seventies, he was still writing to report corrupt officials.
How do you evaluate yourself? When can I stick to my self-confidence? It's simple: read more, do more, judge yourself by knowing others, by knowing history and the world.