This article is the author Wen's exclusive original share of film and television, and may not be reproduced without permission
Lü Huang (Chinese: 朱璜; pinyin: Dīng), courtesy name Libei (李北), also known as Nanguo Laomin (南郭老民), was a native of Jinqiaoli (present-day Luojin Township), Yongfu County, Guangxi, in the Qing Dynasty, whose family was poor, but who liked to read since childhood. At the age of 35, Lü Huang passed the entrance examination and has since stepped into his career. In the eighth year (1828) of the painting of the hand Mei QingdaoGuang, Lü Huang began to contact the Tongcheng school. Since the founding of Fang Bao, and later developed by Liu Daxun and Yao Nai, the Tongcheng school gradually formed a complete theoretical system during the Qing Qianjia years, and its characteristics of "Qingzheng Yazheng" and the commonality of ancient texts and shiwen made it easy for the Tongcheng sect literati to succeed in the field of science, so the Tongcheng school flourished in the south and north of the great river. However, in the twentieth year of Qing Jiaqing (1815), after the death of Yao Nai, the Tongcheng sect once declined. Lü Huang happened to live in this period. In 1828, Lü Huang and Yao Nai's disciple Wu Dexuan talked about the ancient Wenyi Method in Hangzhou for more than 20 days. After that, Lü Huang compiled the content of this academic discussion into the "Introduction to Ancient Literature", which fully reflected the ancient literature theory of the Tongcheng School.
Portrait of Yao Nai
Since then, Lü Huang has devoted himself to the study and dissemination of the "Tongcheng Family Law". In the twelfth year of Qing Daoguang (1832), Lü Huang returned to Guilin and lectured at Xiufeng Academy. At Xiufeng Academy, Lü Huang voluntarily donated all the 10,000 volumes of books accumulated over the past 10 years to the academy, especially the books in which ancient Chinese were studied, which played a great role in the rise of the Tongcheng school in Guangxi. At that time, in Guangxi, almost no one studied ancient Chinese, and the prospects for spreading the theory of the Tongcheng school were bleak. However, Lü Huang was not discouraged, and he actively promoted the Tongcheng Righteous Law with the academy as the center, which was warmly welcomed by the students of Lingxi. Through his lectures at the academy, Lü Huang attracted a large number of protégés to learn Tongcheng, and the other four members of the "Lingxi Five" Zhu Qi, Long Qirui, Wang Zheng, and Peng Yuyao were all influenced by Lü Huang to start specializing in ancient Chinese. Lü Huang worked hard to cultivate the 4 proud disciples into talents, and finally made the Tongcheng Sect's center of gravity move south to Guangxi.
Guilin
"The article is gathered in Lingxi", "By the world's scholars do not know that there are five families in Lingxi" and other praises, it can be seen that the Guangxi Tongcheng school has a great influence on the national literary scene. The "Five Greats of Lingxi" jointly pushed the Guangxi Tongcheng Sect to the top of Tongcheng, of which Lü Huang was the founder, and the remaining 4 were Zhu Qi, an important figure who carried forward the Guangxi Tongcheng Sect. Zhu Qi was eager to learn since childhood, and in his early years he studied the tongcheng ancient grammar with Lü Huang. In the fifteenth year of The Qing Dynasty (1835), after Zhu Qi became a soldier, he served in Beijing and studied ancient Chinese with Mei Zengliang, one of the "Four Disciples of YaoMen" of the Tongcheng Sect, so Zhu Qi's poetry was deeply rooted in the true transmission of the Tongcheng Sect. Zhu Qi always regarded "strict in the law of righteousness" as a principle to be strictly observed, and guided the theory of his creation with the political ideology of "applying it to the world" and the academic proposition of "both Han and Song Dynasties".
Michimitsu-tei Image
Like Lü Huang, Zhu Qi was also a leader who spread the Tongcheng sect in Guangxi, and when he was in Beijing, he was the guide for other members of the "Five Greats" except Lü Huang to study ancient Chinese in Beijing. Of the five, only his articles can be as famous as Lü Huang. Peng Yuyao was another major figure in the "Five Greats" after Zhu Qi, the character Zi Mu, also known as Lan Qi, the langshishan people, the Qing Dynasty Guangxi Pingnan people, the family lineage "generations of karma Confucianism". The greatest influence on Peng Yuyao's creation of ancient Chinese was Lü Huang, who, together with Long Qirui and Wang Zheng, listened to Lü Huang's careful teachings for many years and was deeply inspired in ancient Chinese writing. After 1840, Peng Yuyao participated in the imperial examination, stayed in Beijing, and through Wang Zheng's introduction, became acquainted with Mei Zengliang, and under the guidance of Mei Zengliang, his level of ancient Chinese creation reached its peak, and people called him "learning Youbo, Qi Youwei, extremely talented, but omnipotent", of which Yongshi and Shizheng's works were the most successful.
Mei Zengliang
In his early years, Long Qirui also studied ancient Chinese with Lü Huang and Mei Zengliang, and had considerable achievements in ancient scriptural studies, phonology, exegesis, and zhuzi. Long Qirui also joined Wang Zheng and Su Ruqian in being known as the "Three Great Zhongxing Poets" in Guangxi in the Qing Dynasty. Among the "Five Greats of Lingxi", Lü Huang, Zhu Qi, Peng Yuyao, and Long Qirui all died earlier, and Wang Zheng became the last of the five people. Wang Zhengzi Shaohe, a native of Maping(present-day Liujiang County), Guangxi during the Qing Dynasty, came from a poor family, and was guided by Lü Huang to study ancient Chinese in his early years, and after entering Beijing, he received the guidance of Mei Zengliang, and his ancient literary creation became more and more sophisticated. Because he was discouraged in the official field, Wang Zheng returned to his hometown in his later years. Wang Zheng's greatest contribution after returning to his hometown was to promote the prose of the Tongcheng school and carry out research on the theory and practice of lexicography. Zizhong (ten ancient system "Lingxi Five Greats" are all talented people, of which Zhu Qi is good at poetry, Wang Zheng is good at poetry, and Lü Huang, Peng Yuyao and Long Qirui are good at poetry.
Portrait of Su Ruqian
In terms of poetry, Zhu Qi's works were very famous during the Daoguang and Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Qi composed poems, studied Bai Juyi in his early years, and later studied Du Fu, han Yu and others, and his poems were mostly works that worried about the country and the people and attacked reality, especially his works during the Opium War. For example, his "Elegy of General Guan" "Fights with bare hands, and says that he is exhausted and alone." The pitiful shrouded body has no horse leather, and the giant cannon is shaken into smoke and dust", vividly reproducing the touching deeds of national hero Guan Tianpei in heroically resisting foreign invaders and staining the battlefield with blood. Peng Yuyao is the best at composing seven ancient poems, which can be empty and dependent, self-contained barriers, and outstanding crown times. Peng Yuyao's poems are mostly expressed in landscapes. When he was in Guilin Duxiu Peak, Peng Yuyao issued an exclamation that "the predecessor was suspected to be Penglaizi, and he wanted to fly in the wind when he clapped his hands", and for the feelings for his hometown aroused by the spring color of Jiangnan, Peng Yuyao also said that "He Zi climbed the branches and parted ways, and the east wind made a light silk", "How much do you know about the spring color of Jiangnan, and the new voice of the music house sings traitors".
Portrait of Bai Juyi
As the founder of the Tongcheng School in Guangxi, Lü Huang was known as the "First Talented Son of Guangxi" when he was young, and his poetry was passed down in many places where he worked. While in Yantai, Shandong, Lü Huang wrote a poem about the Island of Muqi in Yongshan: "The Qifeng Peak rises steeply and flows from the east, and the three mountains are far away. When the pavilion is exhaled by a mirage, the smoke village is like floating in the water. The wind blows and the waves are sunny and rainy, and the moon shines on the night of the pool. Mo dao Penglai sky is far away, and it is clear that it is Yingzhou. "The beautiful scenery of this small island is vividly displayed, and this poem has been praised by people to this day. In terms of lexicography, Wang Zheng was also the mentor of Wang Pengyun and Zhou Yi, the representative figures of the Lingui School. Wang Zheng has a deep knowledge in filling in words, and he has written two volumes of "Longbi Mountain House Words", with about 200 words. Peng Yuyao's lyrics are concise and magnificent, closely combining the love of natural landscapes and the care for social humanities, containing rich emotions and connotations. And Long Qirui, who is listed in the "Five Great People of Lingxi", is also a poetry master, and his fame is very important.