"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 282
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > chashi's poetry and painting pursuit is scattered, in his eyes, indoor and outdoor landscapes</h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Zha Shibiao (1615-1698), also known as Erzhan (二瞻瞻), was a native of Xin'an (present-day Shexian County, Anhui, Xiuning), who lived in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province.
Chasbiao is one of the "Four Houses of Haiyang". Together with Sun Yi, Wang Zhirui and Hongren, they are known as the "Four Houses of Xin'an". Cha Shibiao's life, specializing in the creation of calligraphy and painting, from his ancestors, he paid attention to collection, so the family collection is very rich, Ding Yi and Song, Yuan authentic works are all there, Cha Shibiao himself is good at appreciation.
Cha Shibiao was a talent at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and after entering the Qing Dynasty, he no longer should be engaged in a career and concentrated on calligraphy and painting. It has cultivated his idle feelings, and his calligraphy and painting temperament is the expression of this idle feelings. His creations are lazy and elegant. Feelings are not things, saying that there is, he needs to "raise". Raising is not just reading, nor is it just sightseeing, of course, it can't be raised by relying on marginal blowing water, you need to be careful. The heart is the soil, love is the seed, and reading thousands of books and walking thousands of miles is only one condition for composing photosynthesis.
Xiuning in the Xin'an area in southern Anhui is a good place, and talents have been produced since ancient times, so they all rewrite the text. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Xiuning produced a total of nineteen Zhuangyuan and was the first Zhuangyuan County in China. In the Ming Dynasty alone, there were one hundred and sixty-five painters. By the late Qing Dynasty, there were 847 painters. The Cha family lived in this atmosphere, laying a firm foundation for the development of calligraphy and painting for Cha Shibiao.
The ancestors of Cha Shibiao are also hot in style and prosperous in their careers, and almost every subject of the Ming Dynasty has the figure of the Cha family in almost every section. By the time of his great-grandfather Cha Yi, he was an official at the Jiayi Tai Hospital. Cha Shibiao's father, Cha Weiyin, was a student of tai, and he was also a well-read book, good at calligraphy and painting, and was good at the identification of ancient calligraphy and painting.
The Cha Shi Biao family was well off, the Cha family was constantly lucky, and the business was also very successful. The hard work of his fathers enabled Chasi Biao to have good economic conditions when he was young, and provided a good environment for his study and study. His family has a large collection of famous paintings and calligraphy, and his father taught him the identification knowledge of the famous calligraphy and paintings of the ancients in his spare time. Cha Shibiao's ear from an early age prompted him to dabble extensively in his adolescence, and he loved calligraphy and paintings and ancient artifacts.
When He was young, Chasbiao also wanted to embark on a career and thus enter his career. Because of his diligence, he also mastered superb calligraphy and painting and literary talent. But all this, when he was thirty years old, the kingdom was broken and his dreams shattered. The change in Jiashen changed the fate of the country and the fate of the people.
The year 1644 was both a turning point in the life of Chasbiao and a turning point for the people who were united with the country. The Qing army moved south in one fell swoop, destroying the Hongguang regime in the second year of Shunzhi, and when the Qing army approached the Huizhou area, the Cha Shibiao family also participated in the refugees who fled the country. Chasi Biao's family retreated to the Xin'an Mountains, where they were displaced and turned around. He did not participate in the anti-Qing forces, nor did he flee to religion in order to save himself, nor did he surrender to the Qing army in order to gain the new upstarts.
In the twelfth year of Shunzhi and seventeen years after the shattering of the country, the world gradually stabilized, and Yangzhou became the economic and cultural center of the Qing Dynasty. Cha Shibiao was nearly half a hundred years old, came to Yangzhou, and began his self-sufficient artistic life with calligraphy and painting. Since then, Yangzhou has become the second hometown of Cha Shibiao, and he spent most of the rest of his life in Yangzhou. Yangzhou in the daytime has a beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers, while the Red Bridge at night has another beautiful style of bright lights. Cha Shibiao once wrote in the poem "Three Days After the Five Looks at the Red Bridge to See the Light Ship":
Buy a light boat and go out of town late, and paint towards the twilight sky.
Ten years of lights are in full bloom this evening, living up to the bustling old name.
On the third day of the moon, the drums are urged, and the ten thousand branches of the fire tree are opened together.
The bridge was crowded with people, hoping for the clouds to fly.
The night of the return of the moon has sunk, and the tourists are still sorry to divide the yin.
I don't know if the Red Bridge will be worth a hundred thousand gold on this night.
After he lived in Yangzhou, he had the best relations with Wanjiang, and Cha Shibiao respected The character of Wanjiang and introduced him as a confidant, and Gradualjiang also had the greatest influence on him. In his early years, Cha Shibiao obeyed the gradual river and traced ni Yunlin from the gradual river upwards. Ni Yunlin is also a person with idle feelings, and his idleness has reached the extreme, grinding and perverted. Gradually Jiang painted, never asked anyone to inscribe, only asked Cha Shibiao to inscribe poems on his paintings. Also because of the gradual river, Cha Shibiao began to question Ni Yunlin. He also used the methods of Wu Zhen and Dong Qichang, and the brush and ink of the picture were sparse and simple, empty and desolate.
Yangzhou has a pleasant scenery, integrating the beauty of the southern realm and the majesty of the northern scenery, how can the Cha Shibiao on the guest residence not be moved by it and be happy. The Pingshan Hall in Daming Temple and the nearby Hongqiao, Fahai Temple, Guanyin Mountain, etc., are the most popular places for literati and scholars to enjoy leisure activities. Many of the poems in the Manuscript of the Seed Book Hall were written by Chasi when he was playing in these places, and he sailed down the Pingshan Mountain under the invitation of his friends to bid farewell to another friend, and he wrote a poem:
Pinghu Lake should be flooded, and the atmosphere in early summer is still clear.
The trees are fighting for new green, and the mountains are clear.
Bring your friends with you, and don't be sorry to share the difficult brothers.
The total refers to the thunder pond near, and the gull is lightly sunken.
Spicy only my generation, the flow is the pan family.
Tender lotus flushes out of the water, and the swallow is obliquely affected by the wind.
Shen Yue Yin is still healthy, ji Kang is even more lazy.
Sending away with the sound, not only Yong Qianye.
Cha Shibiao and Shi Tao, who is more than twenty years younger than himself, are also very friendly, and the two people are cited as forgetting their friendship. They corresponded closely and often exchanged poems and paintings. He also befriended wang Yi, Yun Nantian, Zheng Chongguang, Kong Shangren and other celebrities in the painting and literary circles at that time, exchanged poetry and painting with each other, and learned from many teachers to learn from each other's strengths. Therefore, the style of Chasbig's painting shows diversity, different faces, and is no longer monotonous and sticky. Cha Shibiao cared deeply for his juniors, and in his poem, there is a poem to advise his nephew Shuyun not to insist on indulging in the officialdom, in which he says:
Frequent years of road affairs saddles, luggage Xiao Xiaochun is not yet out of place.
The willows gradually dissolve the green mist, and the first bloom of the peach is light and cold.
The Ming Dynasty in the years of the world is that the prosperity of the world is wide.
Sending a message to the fame and fortune of Laolao, the former village wine is cooked and added to the meal.
Cha Shibiao is a lazy person, he sleeps during the day, paints at night, he calls himself "Lazy Biao", one is to honor Ni Yunlin, from Ni Yunlin's "lazy"; the other is his own situation. In his eyes, outside a room, there are mountains and rivers; within a room, there are only landscapes. He painted a few sketches, only on both sides of a river, and the scholar carried the violin. Pushing to his poetry, we can see the loose celebrity temperament. He pushed the way of lao Zhuang in calligraphy and painting and in life, and in life he was still plain and elegant. In the creation of calligraphy and painting, his pen and ink can taste the old and solemn interest. He liked a comfortable and leisurely life, and regarded painting poetry with friends in the mountains and forests as a great pleasure. He also likes to talk to his friends about Zen art and feel about life.
With the passage of time, the rule of the Manchu Qing government was gradually consolidated, and in order to completely tame the Han Confucians, the Qing court opened up the road of recommendation while opening up the erudite and great vocabulary. At that time, some officials recommended that Chas be marked into the shi, but he refused. One is that he has no intention of making a career; the second is the mentality that the old widow does not want to lose her body; the third is that when he is old, why should he find himself to suffer? However, he did not have a strong antipathy to entering the Qing court. When his two sons-in-law came out, his attitude of no objection said it all. In a poem to his son-in-law Lü Phosphorus, Cha Shibiao affirmed his achievements as an official, Shiyun:
Thousands of miles away from the sound of good governance, Guolai Water Department Ximiqing.
Cruel thoughts are self-cherishing and ashamed, and honest officials are deeply affectionate.
There is no way to buy the mountain disciples to write themselves, and they are thinking of burning bricks to learn to cultivate.
A rafter can be thick enough to swim in the aftermath of the swim.
In the face of a harsh life, Shigemitsu is Cha Yuanbiao's confidant and important patron. Zheng Zhongguang himself is also a calligrapher and painter, calligraphy Dong Qichang, and Zha Yuanbiao's calligraphy path is basically the same, but he feels that Zha Yuanbiao enters Dong and out of Dong, and is deeply confused. He admired Cha Shibiao's paintings very much, and often carried Cha Yuanbiao's paintings to Yun Shouping and Wang Shigu for evaluation. The education, experience, and personality of Chasi biao will not allow himself to be a painter who is only profitable, he will not lower himself, in order to cater to the vulgar taste of some people,
And forget about yourself.
Cha Shibiao is close to Zheng Zhongguang, who frequently travels back and forth with his paintings, which shows his enthusiasm and dedication to art. He boated the Golden Mountain and invited cha to accompany him. Cha Shi is marked with a poem "Accompanying the Brothers on the River to Release the Boat from Jiaoyan to the Golden Mountain", in which it is said that the two people intersected until they were old, and it was like a cup of strong tea, which came deeply and flowed elegantly. Poetry Cloud:
Old tourists of the old mountain and old temple, things have been new in the past fourteen years.
Raise your eyes to the mountains and mountains, and shock the grass and trees to exhaust the smoke and dust.
The second old love is still there, and he must worship the sages and believe in God.
Ten miles of Jinjiao a sail road, by the flow of Mo Ci frequency.
Chasi Beishu learned from Dong Qichang and loved and respected Dong Qichang. He and Cheng Zhengyi, a closed disciple of Dong Qichang, often spent time together to learn the art of calligraphy. He also greatly admired Cheng Zhengyi's advocacy of "driving the pen with intention" and "running through the pulse with qi". From this, it can be seen that Cha Shibiao's experience and understanding of calligraphy, before he was middle-aged, he was addicted to Dong Qichang's calligraphy and used Dong Qichang as a weapon for him to enter the calligraphy hall.
The calligraphy of Cha Shibiao retains Dong Qichang's beautiful and elegant atmosphere, and has more majestic and bold, forming its own unique calligraphy style. When Chasi lived in Yangzhou, his book "Ink is not dry, then it is held by people, and it is easy to count silver in one shot." "There is an endless stream of people who come to ask for words, and the popularity of Calligraphy in Yangzhou at that time can be seen.
Cha Shibiao believed that "writing books needs to be entered by Jin", although he spent most of his time studying books with Dong Qichang, but he did not stop at Dong Qichang, he advocated teaching the ancients, learning from the ancients, and believing that this was the only way for scholars, he advocated going back to Wei and Jin.
Cha Shibiao specialized in calligraphy and painting, first learned Ni Yunlin, and later learned the calligraphy of Wu Zhen and Dong Wenmin qichang of the ChunmeiHua Daoists. There is not much use of a pen, the ink is like gold, the wind god is scattered, and the air rhyme is desolate. Together with Tongli Sun Yi, Wang Zhirui and Monk Hongren, they are called the Four Greats. In his later years, he painted Yi Chaomai and peeked directly into the mysteries of the Yuanren. Zhu Mantang did not easily praise others, but it was a pleasure to get the Cha Shi Biao Lion Forest Album. He especially admired Dong Qichang, who had two main painting methods. A kind of pen and ink vertical and horizontal, extensive and luxurious all the way, mostly with ink Yunshan as the theme, the Yunshan smoke tree of the father and son of the Shifami family, the penmanship is absurd, the rendering is combined with the use of dry and light ink, and the ink method of Dong Qichang is beautiful and elegant, which shows a cheerfulness in the roughness. A kind of pen and ink sharp, the style is dry and raw, and it is mainly based on imitation of Ni Zhan landscape.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Zancha Lazy Old Poem", poem Yun:
Shi Cheng did not catch Shou Shou from obedience,
Ears and eyes smart sideburns cast.
Descendants are self-sufficient to idle clouds,
Calligraphy and painting are left alone in Ru difficulty.
When the guest comes, the poor and the lowly,
Ye Yixiao was idle and drunk in Yangzhou.
Night Moon Fun Old Time Complaint,
Smile gracefully in your dreams.
The flowers bloom here,
Win the incense stick silk tour.
The wind god drifts the air rhymes,
Pen and ink are not shy.