Send Wei Wanzhijing
[Tang Dynasty Li Ji]
Singing a song to the wanderer,
Last night the first frost crossed the river.
Hongyan could not bear to listen,
The situation of Yun Shan is a guest in the middle.
The color of the trees in Guancheng is near,
The anvil of the Imperial Garden is much louder.
Don't see Chang'an Xingle,
Empty makes the years easy to pass.
This is a farewell poem, and the recipient is a poet junior. This poem is meant to express the emotion of separation. The first link uses the inverted method to drop the pen, pointing out that before departure, the frost first falls, and the late autumn is depressed; the jaw link writes away from autumn, writing that the wanderer faces the cloud mountain, and is sad; the neck link introduces the autumn color of Chang'an, and the secret is that this place cannot stay for a long time; the last link, with the demeanor of an elder, instructs Wei Wan, although Chang'an is happy, not to waste time and shade, but to seize the opportunity to achieve a career. The poet integrates narrative, scene writing and lyricism, imagines and experiences the hardships of the friend's trek with his own mood, shows the deep friendship between the poet and the friend, expresses the poet's feelings, and exhorts the friend in time. The whole poem is naturally true, the feelings are deep and long, and the words and sentences are especially praised by later generations.
The first link, "Singing Away from the Song to the Wandering Wanderer", first said Wei Wan's departure, and then used "Last night's slight frost first crossed the river", pointing out the scene of the previous night, with the stroke of inverted, extremely powerful. "The first crossing of the river" personifies the frost and writes out the depressed atmosphere in late autumn.
"Hongyan can't bear to listen to it", which is immediately followed by the second sentence, rendering the atmosphere. "The situation of Yun Shan is a guest in the middle", continue to write the main topic, and take care of the first sentence. The geese, going south in autumn and returning north in spring, are uncertain, like travelers. Its chirping geese drifted from the end of the sky, making people feel miserable. And people with a full stomach of sorrow are, of course, even more unbearable. Yunshan mountain is generally a desirable scenery, and for people who are lonely and frustrated, sitting on the cloud mountain, they will feel that the road ahead is vast and sad. Wanderers in other places, and this is the most important thing. This is Li Ji's own mood to experience the other party. The two imaginary words of "unbearable" and "situation is" echo back and forth, back and forth, and are affectionate and profound.
"The color of the trees in Guancheng is approaching, and the anvil of the imperial garden is much louder." It was the poet who made a sympathetic deduction of the traveler. From the west of Luoyang to pass through guhangu pass and Tongguan, in the cool autumn of September, the grass and trees are shaken, and a depression marks the arrival of the cold day. Originally, the cold made the tree discolored, but the cold was not visible and the tree color was visible, as if the tree color brought cold, and when the tree color was seen and the cold was near, it was the tree color that brought the cold to it. A "urge" word, the ordinary scenery is written with emotion, very vivid, the evening anvil is many, for Chang'an unique, "Chang'an a month, ten thousand households pounding clothes". However, the poet does not use the majestic scenery of Chengguan and The Imperial Garden Qinghua to introduce Chang'an, but only highlights the "anvil of the Imperial Garden", which is thought-provoking. Wei Wan had probably never been to Chang'an before, and Li Ji had been to Jingshi many times, where he had "poured money and bankruptcy" and experienced bitterness. In the two sentences of speculation, the poet sighed all his life, all in silence. The six words of "cold near" and "to the late more" are opposite, implying that the years are not waiting, and the years are easy to grow old, which leads to the last two sentences.
"Don't see the chang'an place to be happy, the empty makes the years easy to stumble", purely the tone of the elder, gave Wei Wan a kind instruction. Here, Chang'an is written in a fictitious way with the three words "Xingle Place", corresponding to the "anvil of the royal garden" in the previous two sentences, one virtual and one real, which precisely indicates the poet's will. He earnestly warned Wei Wan that although Chang'an was a "place of pleasure", it was not something that ordinary people could enjoy. Don't easily consume precious time, but seize the opportunity to achieve a career. It can be said that the words are long and serious.
This poem is praised by posterity for being longer than refining sentences. The poet intertwines narrative, scenery, and lyricism. For example, the two sentences of the second link use the inverted technique to strengthen and deepen the description. First out of the "Hongyan" and "Cloud Mountain" - the objects that the senses come into contact with, and then write "listening in sorrow" and "guest in the middle", which is born from the scenery, in line with the law of understanding, and easily evokes people's resonance. Similarly, the "Sekijo Tree Color" and "Royal Garden Anvil" of the third link, although they are images in memory, are related to environmental conditions such as climate and time, and they are sound and color, which is very natural. The word "urge" and the word "direction" are even more important to see the merit of scrutiny.