Many poets in the Tang Dynasty had the experience of stationing in the border area, and the vast desert scenery, harsh living conditions, and rich writing materials made them remember deeply, and they also left many excellent poems for future generations. Among them, the works of Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Cen Shan, and others have made readers appreciate it even more.
However, although some poets have rarely experienced the life of the border, they have also learned a lot about the situation of the border plug because of the influence of their friends, and because of their rich historical knowledge, they have also written excellent works. There is a poet in the Sheng Tang Dynasty, although he does not have many works and does not have too many life experiences in the border plug, he is famous for a seven-word ancient poem. The following is a seven-character poem by Li Yi, which is highly ideological and artistic, and is actually a masterpiece in Tang poetry.
Gu congjun marched
Tang Dynasty: Li Ji
Climb the mountain in the daytime to look at the beacon fire, and drink horses at dusk to cross the river.
Pedestrians fight in the wind and sand, and the princess pipa has many grievances.
There are no cities in the wild clouds, and the rain and snow are even in the desert.
Hu Yan mourned and flew at night, and Hu Er's tears fell in both directions.
Hearing that the jade gate is still covered, you should drive your life away.
Years and years of war bones buried outside, empty peach into the Han family.
Li Ji (李颀), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was a mid-century jinshi in the 23rd century of the New Century, who served as a lieutenant of Xinxiang County, and later resigned from his official post and went into hiding. He is good at seven words and deeds and biansai poems, and his style of works is bold and sad, and he has sung harmony with Wang Wei, Gao Shi, Wang Changling and others. In the early years of Tang Xuanzong's Tianbao, the author created this poem to express his views on Tang Xuanzong's good and great achievements and open-edge strategies.
This poem is a famous piece in Tang poetry, ideological and artistic, the author ostensibly writes about Emperor Wu of Han, but in fact, he is inspired by Tang Xuanzong's poor soldiers and borrows Han to satirize Tang's works, which further highlights the poet's profound understanding.
At the beginning, he wrote about the harsh environment of the border pass and the hardships of life on the border, and the soldiers climbed the mountain during the day to observe the beacon of the alarm; at dusk, they had to go near the Jiaohe River to drink horses. In the dim wind and sand, pedestrians can hear the mournful sound of Diao Dou knocking, as well as the ghostly pipa played by the Han princess who is far away from Wusun Country.
The first two sentences show the tense rhythm of life on the edge of the border, "climbing mountains during the day and drinking horses at dusk", which is already very busy, and at night, he also has to worry about the enemy's sneak attack, and he does not dare to be careless. The side plug is full of wind and sand, and it is not clear during the day, and at night, I can't see my five fingers. Those soldiers who had come from afar had lived here for a long time, and they could finally get used to it. But the princesses who are far away are full of resentment in their hearts and miss home all the time.
The author does not mention the desolation and grievances in their hearts, but only writes "Diao Dou is dark and the pipa has many grievances", which euphemistically expresses sympathy for their miserable experiences, and also reveals the various scourges brought about by years of conquest. The princesses' lives are not easy, and the lives of those ordinary people can be imagined.
The middle four sentences continue to depict the harsh conditions of the border plug, camping in the vast desert, surrounded by desolation, no city and no people; heavy snow and lightning, filling the vast and boundless desert. The geese of Hudi kept flying and wailing, and the soldiers of the Hu people also wept bitterly.
Five or six sentences render the atmosphere of the frontier environment in a heavy way, and the area around the barracks is deserted, with no city to lean on, no drinking water or crops. The temperature difference between day and night on the desert was extremely large, and the soldiers were in a hurry, the equipment and supplies were insufficient, and the soldiers were often hungry and cold, sighing and sighing.
The poet's perspective is broad, and from the personal suffering of the soldiers on both sides of the enemy, he successfully reflects the deep disasters brought by the unjust war to the people of all ethnic groups, which is of more profound significance. "Night and night flying, double double falling", not only pronounced with harmony in rhyme, but also the application of overlapping words is more likely to resonate with people.
The ninth and twelfth sentences quote the allusion, "If you hear that the jade gate is still covered, you should drive your life away." At that time, Li Guangli led the Han army to attack Dawan, but due to the lack of food in Daoyuan, the war dragged on for two years, and the soldiers suffered heavy casualties. Seeing that it was difficult to win a victory, the general wrote a letter requesting a boycott of the troops, and Emperor Wu of Han was furious, so he sent emissaries to garrison Yumen and cut off the back road, and the soldiers were forced to give their lives.
Finally, the poet expressed his grief, "Every year the bones of the war are buried outside the wilderness, and the empty peach enters the Han family." "Every year of conquest, I don't know how many bones are buried in the wilderness; I can only suddenly see that the grapes in the western region have been transplanted to the Han Palace."
Pu peach, that is, grapes, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy and gained very little, but the people were levied heavy taxes every year, coupled with natural disasters, resulting in many people having to leave their homes in order to make a living, and even begging for a living. The poet does not express sorrow and indignation, and the meaning of sorrow and indignation is overflowing with words.
Looking at Li Yi's seven-word ancient poem, it is simple and easy to understand, and it is catchy. The whole text is rendered layer by layer, and finally the poet's lament is expressed, which is impressive. The author first expresses the sorrow of the soldiers and the bitterness of the princesses, and then writes about the harsh environment of the shubian, which makes people feel that it is difficult to stay for a moment.
At the same time, the author further foiled it with "Hu Yan's lamentation and Hu'er's tears", and then used the allusions of the Han Wudi Emperor to complement it, showing an incomparably desolate and lonely atmosphere, accumulating momentum for the final lyricism, and finally highlighting the theme with the finishing touch. The level of thought and art throughout the poem is extremely superb and praiseworthy!