Teacher Sun Shaozhen pointed out in the article "Using "Specific Analysis" to Dominate the "Three Elements" (Language Construction, No. 9, 2012): "To live like an individual, we must use free thought and independent spirit to free ourselves from the popular eight strands, reflect and question them, and conduct in-depth specific analysis. This may be what Western philosophers call 'I think, therefore I am'. Conversely, I don't think, so I'm not there. ”
"Concrete analysis" is the representation of "free thought, independent spirit" in speculative activities. Teacher Sun proposed to "analyze the three elements of the commander-in-chief with specific details", which really hit the acupuncture point of middle school writing teaching. The most disgusting problem of student composition is probably "false big empty", right? In essence, the "false big short" is caused by disregarding the actual situation and not doing "specific analysis". People hate "false emptiness", advocate seeking truth from facts, and advocate linking theory with practice, but it is not enough to rely solely on advocacy and appeal, and only by transforming the beautiful virtues of seeking truth from facts and linking theory with practice into a specific way of thinking and training into a stable quality of thinking can we ensure that these virtues do not only stay in words, but even degenerate into ornaments for mounting facades. Obviously, such a way of thinking can only be slowly cultivated in the training and practice of "specific analysis".
This article will illustrate the specific role of "specific analysis" in analysis and expression through several writing examples.
First, specific analysis, value judgments will not be perverse
Example 1: Details
Lan Yu was the founding general of the Ming Dynasty, courageous and strategic, brave and good at war, because of his repeated military achievements, he worshiped the great general and the Duke of Liangguo, which can be described as the scenery is extreme. However, this person was arrogant and arrogant, and he was wanton and violent, which gradually aroused Zhu Yuanzhang's dissatisfaction. Despite this, Zhu Yuanzhang saw that he was a founding minister and did not intend to investigate deeply. However, later, his words and deeds gradually made Zhu Yuanzhang, who was consolidating and strengthening centralized power, deeply disturbed, so he was arrested and imprisoned for "conspiracy to treason", and he was skinned and grassed, raided his home, and exterminated the three ethnic groups, and about 15,000 officials were killed by him, resulting in the famous "Blue Jade Case" in Ming history.
So, how did Zhu Yuanzhang start to suspect that Blue Jade was antipathetic? It turned out to be a detail: once, Blue Jade returned from the front line to report military information to Zhu Yuanzhang, and when Blue Jade entered the house to report to Zhu Yuanzhang, several of Blue Jade's relatives also came in, and after coming in, they stood next to it, and Blue Jade reported to Zhu Yuanzhang on the battle situation on the front line. After Lan Yu finished speaking, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to talk to Lan Yu about a secret matter, so he said to the few relatives under Lan Yu, "Go down." However, the soldiers still stood still as if they had not heard. Seeing this, Blue Jade waved his hand, and those few relatives went down. This move greatly alarmed zhu Yuanzhang, who was suspicious by nature, and these people only had generals in their eyes, no emperors. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang has moved the idea of getting rid of blue jade, and finally found an excuse to kill it.
Nian Qianyao was a major minister of the Qing Dynasty, and his officials were the governors of Sichuan, Sichuan and Shaanxi, and Fuyuan, and the high-ranking officials were all in one. But this person later fell out of favor like Blue Jade and was cut down, raided, and imprisoned, and eventually committed suicide in prison. Recently read an article by Mr. Wang Wei, I found that the reason why Nian Qianyao aroused the emperor's suspicions was also due to a detail: when Nian Qianyao returned from a great victory, the Yongzheng Emperor led hundreds of officials to greet him, it was June day, the sun was high, and Nian Qianyao's soldiers were still wearing full body armor, seeing this situation, Yongzheng sent a decree to the generals of the three armies to rest, but strangely, the order was passed on three times, and the soldiers of the three armies still stood motionless, at this time, Nian Qianyao took out a small flag from his arms and handed it to his bodyguards. The guards then waved the small flag, and when the soldiers saw it, they immediately obediently took off their armor and retreated. YongZheng saw all this in his eyes, and at that time, he had a murderous heart, and soon after, he found an excuse and did nian tangyao.
Details can determine a person's success or failure, but also can determine a person's life and death. The two generals, Lan Yu and Nian Qianyao, died because of the details, two seemingly inadvertent details, but they made the Supreme Leader suspicious, worried that they would not fall off and threaten their dominance, so they killed the killer and eliminated the consequences. These two details, seemingly accidental, are actually a kind of inevitability, just imagine, if Lan Yu and Nian Qianyao can be cautious and low-key in their daily lives, can always restrain the words and deeds of their subordinates, and do not let the emperor be suspicious of themselves, the second half of their lives are likely to be rewritten. Unfortunately, they did not realize this problem, blindly flaunted and arrogant, and finally brought themselves the disaster of killing themselves.
At this point, they are inferior to Zeng Guofan, who is still low-key and unobtrusive when he is in a high position, because he understands the principle of "trees are easy to attract wind, and officials are easy to invite disasters". If a person is too proud, the evil is likely to come immediately. Therefore, Zeng Guofan often said to his brother: "Maybe anyone who is a high official and is in a comfortable and glorious situation may invite danger and humiliation at any time." The ancients often said that wealth often makes people go to danger, which is what it means! ”
Why did Blue Jade and Nian Tangyao die? Example 1 boils it down to an omission in the "details". That is to say, these two are wronged heads, they do not pay attention to details, neglect details, and eventually lose their lives. I am not a student of history, to be honest, I have never been interested in these court plots and official killings, nor have I intended to explore the real cause of their deaths. In fact, I still have some doubts about these two details, such as how could Blue Jade still bring his own soldiers when he saw the emperor, and how could Zhu Yuanzhang, who was suspicious of the gods, allow him to carry his own soldiers with him? If there is no special background and reason, I think this detail alone is not very reasonable.
Just looking at the logic of the article, it is not difficult to see its logical contradictions. Did Blue Jade and Nian Qianyao die in the details? If Lan and Nian really had the intention of rebellion, then their deaths were not because of the "details", but because of the "big festival"; the "details" only exposed their crimes, not the cause of their deaths. It should be noted that in the era of feudal dynasties, "loyalty to the king" was the biggest "festival", the big festival in the big festival; if Lan and Nian did not have the intention of rebellion, but only caused the emperor's dissatisfaction because they were proud of their achievements and "wantonly tyrannical", then the so-called crime of "conspiracy to rebel" was "wanting to add to the crime, what is the trouble", that is, political killing, that is, "cunning rabbit death, lackey cooking". This is essentially a power trick, a conspiracy, and has little to do with "details". If the emperor is suspicious of you and kills you, you just pay attention to the details, treat things carefully, be cautious and cautious, and then disguise "rare confusion", I am afraid that it will be difficult to be a disaster.
In fact, Example 1 has inadvertently acknowledged these. The last paragraph of the article analyzes: "The two generals, Lan Yu and Nian Qianyao, died because of the details, and the two seemingly inadvertent details made the supreme leader suspicious, worried that they would not fall off and threaten their dominance, so they killed the killer and eliminated the consequences." Obviously, the "details" only aroused the suspicion and vigilance of the emperor; in the final analysis, the emperor's "suspicion" was the root cause of their death.
The above is the contradiction in terms of the logic of the text itself, and if it stands at the height of modern civilization, the absurdity of Example 1 is even more obvious. Can't see the horrors of imperial power, the horrors of conspiracies, the hypocrisy and viciousness of authoritarian political ethics, and not thinking about and criticizing the two emperors who catch the wind and shadows and kill innocents indiscriminately, but blaming the blue jade and Nian Qianyao, who do not pay attention to details, is this not an aggressive and strange thing, reversing black and white? Shouldn't the minister be trembling like walking on thin ice like an abyss, should be inappropriate for himself, should pretend to be confused and flattering, and only in this way can he be a dog slave who can live?
The article cites the example of Zeng Guofan, which seems reasonable, but in fact, it is not convincing. When I read Zeng Guofan's writings, and when I read Mr. Tang Haoming's "Biography of Zeng Guofan," I sympathized with Zeng Guofan's embarrassment and fear. The reason why he was able to avoid disasters in the end was of course related to his eight-sided exquisiteness, but it was also related to his personal loyalty and objective situation. If he Zeng Guofan really had the intention of rebellion, would the Qing Dynasty let him go because of his perfect details? If he really supports the army and respects himself, the tail is not big, and it threatens the unification of the Qing Dynasty, and he will not be able to help no matter how he raises the light and cultivates obscurity. In fact, Zeng Guofan was diligent and loyal all his life, but as a Han chen, he never got rid of the worries of the lord of merit and always lived in a state of grace and humiliation. Doesn't this show the horror of despotism and the sadness of human subjects? To analyze any event, we must discuss the matter on the facts, analyze it specifically, and make a value judgment on the event first, rather than blinding the eyes, not seeing Taishan, and grasping one of the "details" to make a big fuss.
Unfortunately, such absurd logic often appears in life. For example, there is sexual harassment on the subway, and instead of condemning the satyrs, they blame young women for wearing too revealing clothes. As everyone knows, how to dress up is personal freedom, and wearing too exposed is inappropriate; and playing hooligan sexual harassment is a crime. Is this a diversion of attention, inverting right and wrong? The logic is that if you don't show it, if you pretend to be a poor ghost, how can a thief come to the door? Well, according to this logic, the victim of rape should be a rapist, and if it were not for the beautiful and sexy victim, he would not have evil thoughts.
Are the details important? Of course it matters. But the importance of discussing the details must have a premise, that is, to make a value judgment on the event first. Under the guidance of value, and then analyze the details, such a detail analysis is meaningful. Like the example above, we can certainly advise young women to be careful to protect themselves, but please note that this is only a reminder of "details", not a judgment of value. If you say to the women who made you wear such a short skirt, then be ostentatious and pay no attention to the "details"! Look at your results, definitely a slap in the face.
Value judgment, you are in the matter of the facts, specific analysis, do not label, large and large.
In terms of value judgments, no one can guarantee that they must be correct; but with specific analysis, we can at least make our judgment above the bottom line, not too outrageous, not to be perverse.
Second, specific analysis, is the right and wrong choice may tend to be reasonable
Example 2: Three questions cai mingchao
It was he who brought many of the cultural relics that had been displaced abroad back into the arms of his mother; it was he who stepped forward when Christie's auctioned the heads of rats and rabbits to express the anger of all the Chinese people by refusing to pay; it was he who stepped on the forefront of public opinion in the midst of a controversy. His name is Cai Mingchao.
In the midst of an uproar in public opinion, I would like to ask Cai Mingchao three times as an ordinary Chinese citizen.
First, will this stop the lost artifacts from being auctioned off?
There is no mistake, this time the rabbit head and the rat head are streamed, but what about the next time? Is it necessary to re-stage a streaming shoot? However, once the auctioned item refuses to pay, it will be included in the blacklist of the auction house, so how should Cai Mingchao prevent the next auction?
Even if you buy the rabbit head and the mouse head back, so what? It is difficult to guarantee that there will be any cow heads and sheep heads that day?
Participating in the auction is really a way to cure the symptoms rather than the root causes. Of course, if you want to cure the root cause, it is not within the reach of Cai Mingchao alone. Let the cultural relics lost overseas return, this is the common wish of all the Chinese people, and it is also cai Mingchao's wish. It's just that this road is still very long, very bumpy, the road does not know where it will stretch out, we will work with Cai Mingchao, along the road to pick up the starlight that guides the road.
Second, let the text line auction, is this in line with the criteria of a bidder?
There is no mistake, this auction should have been provoked by Christie's first, it was they who auctioned the cultural relics illegally lost in our country first, and we naturally do not have to be polite with them. What Cai Mingchao did should be caused by a momentary will. But can we break the rules because the other party breaks the rules first? This is like the Anglo-French army looting the Yuanmingyuan, can we go back to the Louvre?
As a bidder, the guidelines should come first. Even if you want to show your patriotism, you must also bid according to the regulations.
Let the cultural relics lost overseas return, this is the wish of all Chinese, and it is also the wish of Cai Mingchao. It's just that we have to go along the regular line, even if the rule line is winding and twisting, extending the road several times.
Third, must we rely on bidding on lost cultural relics to express patriotism?
There is no mistake, Cai Mingchao's move really made the Chinese people raise their eyebrows and breathe, and they were very happy. Cai Mingchao is worthy of being the great husband of Yangyang Zhonghua! But is such patriotic rationality? I can't help but think of the Boxers, who fought back when the Eight-Power Alliance invaded China, giving foreign invaders a glimpse of the iron backbone of the Chinese nation. But they hate all foreign affairs and slow down China's march toward the world. There is also a shop owner who, when collecting money from Japanese customers, actually sang "Cut the heads of the devils with a big knife"!
Let the cultural relics lost overseas return, this is the common wish of all the Chinese people, and it is also cai Mingchao's wish. It's just that patriotism requires reason.
Three questions cai mingchao, but also the chinese people must think deeply about the three questions, I look forward to the day when the cultural relics really return to the motherland, but also look forward to Cai Mingchao's smiling face that day.
This is the proposition of the 2009 Jiangxi Provincial College Entrance Examination, the title is as follows: On March 15 this year, in the face of strong opposition from the Chinese people, Christie's Auction House still auctioned the bronze statues of rabbit heads and rat heads illegally lost in the Yuanmingyuan in Paris. Cai Ming, general manager of an art company, auctioned the two cultural relics at a high price. However, the payment was refused afterwards, resulting in a stream of auctions. In this regard, public opinion was in an uproar. Some call it a national hero, some think it's a malicious violation of the rules, some think ... What are your thoughts on Cai Mingchao's behavior?
The material is a "specific issue", which deserves recognition; however, the material involves national dignity, national interests and international rules, which is a big matter, and as an examination topic, it is still a bit heavy.
It is easy to talk about it, but it is difficult to analyze it specifically. No matter what, as long as it is concrete, empty talk will reveal the filling. In specific analysis, the difficulty is that you must clearly express your attitude and opinion, right or wrong, reasonable or unreasonable, at a glance; and you also have to provide logic and basis for your attitude and opinion, appropriate or inappropriate, full or insufficient, it is also clear at a glance. The expression that Wang Gu said that he might be big and big was obviously incomprehensible.
"Specific analysis", first of all, is difficult to judge right from wrong. There is a saying called "a thousand words for an audience with a thousand Hamlets", which is very wise and illustrates the meaning of "pluralism", but it is absurd when absolutely. Pluralism can also be a trap, and indiscriminate "pluralism" is very likely to evolve into "this is also a non-other and another", becoming a wall, becoming ambiguous. In specific cases, there may be a "meta" in the "pluralism" that is more reasonable, and what we have to do is to pursue that "more reasonable" in comparison and trade-off. At present, some college entrance examination propositions like to design "which one is better" open questions, there are often several reference answers, and there are "self-justification can be" prompt, this practice may not be appropriate. After all, some right and wrong are clear, some are good and bad, some are obvious, and swaying left and right seems to be insightful and responsible.
As far as Cai Mingchao is concerned, as far as my own point of view is concerned, I think That Cai Mingchao is inappropriate and irrational. I do not see any positive significance in such a so-called patriotic act, nor any reason to defend him. As a modern business activity, auction has its own rules for auction, and although I am a layman, I also understand the truth that it is difficult to chase a horse in a word. If you have promised, you must keep it. No matter what the excuse, it is difficult to defend such dishonesty. As a teacher, I want to tell my students that social behavior should be rational, must be legal, and must respect accepted principles and beliefs. It is the sin of a robber to rob you of something, but you do not gain the right to rob a robber.
In the case of Cai Mingchao, the discussion of concepts such as national indignation or patriotism cannot be used to replace the judgment and analysis of Cai Mingchao's specific behavior, let alone ignore the confusion of Cai Mingchao's behavior because of the motive of "washing the snow and the shame of the country". This "motivation theory" is absurd to look at the motive without looking at its behavior, process and effect, even if the motive is indeed sincere and heartfelt, it cannot be simply affirmed by this.
We need to analyze it in detail. Of course, this is too difficult for students in the exam room. Acknowledging Cai Mingchao as a "national hero" is tantamount to praising "maliciously breaking the rules"; denying Cai Mingchao seems to contradict simple national feelings. Denying Cai Mingchao from the rules is afraid of tarnishing his simple patriotic feelings; morally affirming Cai Mingchao, he is afraid of desecrating the sacred legal rules. Isn't that putting hundreds of thousands of test takers to walk a tightrope between law and morality? After all, it is the college entrance examination.
In this case, what is wrong is wrong, and the first thing to admit is that it is wrong. However, some candidates, after a "dialectical" analysis, it is transformed into a pair. As a result, whether it is wrong or wrong has become an ambiguous thing. This is the popular "wall-riding argument" in college entrance examination writing. Judging from the writing of Jiangxi volumes, this way of thinking is quite popular. I see a lot of people starting with "Although... But "what comes to package is the conversion of right and wrong – although things are wrong, the motives are noble; while harmful, there are also benefits... This is actually a psychological manifestation of not daring to face up to the truth and reality, the speculative psychology of wandering between morality and law, and the confused consciousness of deliberately confusing feelings and reasons.
Some people can always find a justification for mistakes, always find justification for sins, as if "we failed, but it doesn't matter, because failure is the mother of success." But the problem is that you don't admit failure, don't reflect on this "failure", you don't change yourself, failure not only can not become the "mother of success", failure can also be promoted to "grandmother of failure"!
As the saying goes, good intentions do bad things, and because you are "good", then bad things become "good things", right?
Only in concrete analysis can our choice between right and wrong tend to be reasonable and fair.
Third, specific analysis, deep thinking is possible
Example 3: A letter to Xiao Chen
Xiao Chen: Hello!
I was deeply touched when I saw the news about you. I am ashamed, like your father, I used to have the bad habit of answering and making calls when I was driving, and I was touched by your father's heart and this move, and I will definitely change it in the future.
Xiao Chen, your behavior has won the support of the majority, and there are also a few people who question and oppose - you have to tolerate this kind of tongue-in-cheek voice, this is public opinion, when the news about you becomes a mass communication event, many comments have nothing to do with you, and the incident itself, you don't have to be disturbed by these controversies, don't be overwhelmed by the rendering label of "report father", and firmly believe that you express your love for your father in a way that your father can accept. I know that you are not doing this by saying ,"I love my father, I love principles more"—but by simply loving my father and changing bad habits in such a way that my father remembers. This kind of love is enough as long as the father can understand it, and it does not need to be understood by others.
The reason why there are some controversies and doubts is because they do not compare hearts to hearts, there is no sympathetic understanding, but a lively spectator and a cold bystander. When this matter becomes a popular topic, you become a hot topic to be consumed. The mass media take what they need from this news: netizens need ethical conflicts and disputes over the law of love, the media needs explosive news and abnormal stories, commentators need gimmicks and talking points, traffic police need legal popularization cases, lawyers need cases, Taoists need moral highlands, Weibo needs hot spots that can increase clicks, and WeChat circles need warm chicken soup that can brush the screen. And all this has nothing to do with your needs. As a person who has been trying to get my father to change his smoking habits, I know that as a daughter, all you want is that your father can change this bad habit of driving, that your father will not be hurt by this bad habit, and that your father who drives a car will come home safely and have dinner with you. Judging from the news, your purpose has been achieved, and the father later realized that "I feel that my daughter is indeed very reasonable, she is responsible for the life of her family, and she is also a manifestation of love for her family." Father understands your good intentions, reads your love, and that is enough.
Don't be misled by pseudo-ethical discussions like "kissing and hiding", which is a far-fetched interpretation of keyboard warriors. This is not a whistleblower that will severely punish the father, but a way to raise attention. Don't be fooled by high-pitched praises like "righteousness and extermination of relatives", which is a high-level black that pits you against your father. This is not a "great righteousness", it is a pure love for the father, and what you "destroy" is not family affection, but the bad habits of the father. Being able to realize the bad traffic habits of driving and calling a mobile phone is the principle; being able to insist on influencing in other ways after repeated persuasion is ineffective is resilience; being able to think of calling the police after exhausting various ways is cute and wise; and finally winning your father's understanding is the perfect story. Xiao Chen, this time you may have felt the pluralism and complexity of public opinion, when you go to the society, you will be more exposed to this kind of public opinion ecology, please stick to your strong heart, adhere to the lofty love and principles in your heart.
This is the examination room essay of the 2015 National Volume (I), which is a good essay for specific analysis. The author's attitude is clear and his point of view is clear: he supports Xiao Chen's choice. Xiao Chen chose to report because he loved his father,But the purpose was very simple, that is, to help his father change his bad habits and protect the safety of his family, which had nothing to do with "relatives and relatives hiding", nor did it have anything to do with "great righteousness and annihilation of relatives", and did not have to be on the line, nor did it have to be excessively extended. Such an expression strategy shows the wisdom and boldness of the author.
Based on my understanding of the teaching of composition and its tests, I make no secret of my affirmation of this topic, although the controversy caused by this topic makes the voice of affirmation seem weak.
The writer Mr. Liang Xiaosheng has a categorical negative attitude toward this topic, and he does not even say ironically that the brain of the proposition person has entered the water. In his view, making phone calls on the highway endangers not only the safety of Lao Chen and his family, but also public safety. Therefore, anyone should report it, anyone can report it, and There is no flaw in Xiao Chen's behavior. Therefore, this issue is not worth discussing.
Also holding this attitude is the scholar Ran Yunfei. Ran believes that Xiao Chen's report on his father is contrary to the traditional moral code of "hiding from each other and being in it". This kind of righteous and exterminating behavior, on the surface, is conducive to the construction of public order, but it destroys the deeper foundation on which society depends—the morality and affection of the family, and its moral hazard far exceeds the disciplinary and indoctrination effect it brings. Therefore, this issue is not suitable for discussion.
Frankly, I agree with the sociological analysis of events by two public figures, but not with their conclusion that they reject this proposition. On the contrary, I am in favor of including this somewhat controversial hot event in the field of vision of the college entrance examination proposition, because this issue is worth discussing and suitable for discussion. Clarify erroneous social concepts, disseminate the core values of socialism, cultivate sound modern citizens, and reach a consensus on the difficult and complicated diseases in reality, and seek common ground while reserving differences in free and frank discussions. Mr. Liang believes that the problems that are not worth discussing are precisely the problems that many people are confused about, many people lack the boundaries between public life and private spheres, often replace public principles with their own principles, and use the "private law" of the family to interfere with the "public law" of society. Teacher Ran believes that it is not suitable for discussion, probably seeing the risk of discussion and expression, and is worried that such a discussion will mislead the public. I think that free debate and discussion will only make our understanding clearer, more reasonable, and more sound, and only in the discussion can the truth gain more understanding and recognition. What is important on this issue is not the conclusion, but the significance of the discussion itself. Even if students have improper judgments or even wrong understandings in their writing, I don't think there is any need to make a fuss. Is the risk of saying the wrong thing really that great? What if a student, an essay, an exam, how many people say something inappropriate?
For many years, we have called for college entrance examination writing to get rid of the "fake big void" and say goodbye to the "tall and complete". In my opinion, this proposition is a cautious and reasonable attempt to get rid of the "false big void". Our writing always deliberately avoids the real society and life, and tries to avoid hot news, focus events or difficult issues. Given the special significance of the gaokao, it is not unreasonable to do so; but to treat it as a tacit rule is a bit of a choking. The impact of this "tacit understanding" on daily teaching is too negative - teachers and students have wisely chosen to avoid, avoid practical problems, and indulge in old paper piles, ivory towers, chicken soup for the soul or mysterious philosophies, and the result is that the "false emptiness" prevails without margins. If you can't express sincerity, sincerity and insight, how meaningful is the literary game of writing?
Unfortunately, at present, a large number of propositions still stay on the discussion of abstract concepts, which is one of the sources of "false emptiness". For example, when we talk about respecting "people" in the abstract, we can talk about them in a grand way; but if we talk about respecting a "thief", empty talk is difficult to convince people. For another example, when it comes to "selflessly helping others", everyone can talk at length; if there is an old man who once blackmailed people lying on the ground, do you help or not? If you don't help, you will face condemnation of conscience and pressure from public opinion. At this time, if you take such a bold statement as "the world is worried and worried, and the world is happy and happy" to speak, you will scratch your boots.
Specific issues involve multiple interests and factors, and labeling is not convincing. Only specific analysis can convince people with reason. Similarly, it is true to be filial piety; it is also true to obey the law and safeguard the public interest. If we talk about the problem of "filial piety" or the problem of "law" in the abstract, everyone can be enthusiastic and righteous. However, in the material, there is a sharp contradiction between filial piety and law, and there is a confrontational conflict between private feelings and justice. This forces us to make our own choices and to look for plausible evidence and logic for our own choices. Writing is the process of presenting one's own choices and their basis. That's the specific problem, the specific analysis.
In real life, conflicts between emotion and reason, between morality and law, are difficult to avoid. The process of growing up is a process of learning rational trade-offs and choices. Isn't writing activity also a process of self-knowledge and self-education for students?
With specific analysis, we can touch on the contradictions and conflicts inherent in things, deep thinking is also possible, and writing may contribute to the spiritual growth of students.
Fourth, specific analysis, expression literacy can be highlighted
Example 4: Why don't people read?
The ancients said that "books are like green mountains often stacked, and lamps are like red beans are the most acacia", writing about the realm of drunken lights and shadows of books; today people also say "give me a good book, a cup of tea, a fireplace fire, I wish it is enough", expressing a special love for books; French female writer Margaret also said: "I only hope that the day I go to the end of the incense hill, someone puts a few books in my coffin, even if it is nothing remarkable in hell", it can be seen that books are her companions for life and death.
Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, such fans and bookworms are really countless, but why are there fewer and fewer people reading books in China? Among them, the attraction and impact of new reading methods such as online reading undoubtedly compete for a part of the readers, which is the reality faced by all countries in the world, if we start from our inherent national conditions and public opinion, find some answers in the reality around us, we may be able to answer this question.
First of all, China is a developing country, peasants account for the overwhelming majority, material civilization and spiritual civilization are relatively backward, especially the low living standards in poor areas, narrow and closed vision, so that a considerable number of people have neither the conditions to read, nor the needs and interests to read. The value and role of books they have not yet been recognized, and people are even stuck in the cyclical cycle of "herding sheep - marrying a daughter-in-law - having a baby - herding sheep ..."
Second, urban low-income households and strata hovering on the edge of employment, they do marriage for their children, let the elderly see the doctor's money still know where to come from, all day tired of running for their livelihood, people are overwhelmed, is the condition for reading books also lacking! After all, Yan Hui, who is "eating and drinking" and is poor and happy, and Liu Yuxi, who lives in a dark room and still "reads the Golden Scriptures", are a minority, and we cannot expect everyone to have such a state of mind and pursuit.
Third, some people who do not read books are not the above-mentioned cognitive and economic reasons, they understand that books are the carrier of culture, the source of knowledge and the crystallization of ideas, and they also need this spiritual food, this key of wisdom and this window to the world, but they really do not have time to accompany this good teacher and friend. Take the senior high school teachers of our school, in addition to eight hours a day, they also have to accompany us to study morning and evening, they can only take four afternoons a month off, but also to do some chai rice oil and salt, take care of the old and the young, the winter and summer vacations every year are also taken up by make-up classes, they have insufficient spare energy, they can only endure the love of books, how can there be the peace and fun of reading and writing at home like Mr. Zhou Guoping? They only have gyroscopic overload operation! I think that such people are not limited to teachers.
Fourth, although some people have both money and time, they are impetuous and are wrapped up in the hustle and bustle of the outside world: men are obsessed with grabbing power, tickets, cars, and houses, women's long-term battles in shopping malls, beauty salons and pet trading markets; the elderly are obsessed with "Han Tide", and young people are willing to be "fans". Don't you know that reading books needs to be quiet, to silently absorb the essence of the book like the roots of the tree, and these people are just like the branches that sway with the wind, and any wind and grass in the red dust will cause them to swing and confuse. They are too vain, too blind, too eager for success, too materialistic, and simply unable to associate with books and enjoy the pleasure of reading.
Removing the above four types of people, how can the number of readers be considerable! Behind the reality of fewer readers, there are some deep social problems that need to be solved. It is because there are fewer people reading books that there are these problems, or there are these problems that make there are fewer people reading books, and it seems difficult for me to figure out; but in order to make more people reading books, comprehensive management must be carried out to be effective, and only by reading more books can we improve the cultural quality of the entire Chinese nation.
This is the composition of the 2006 National Volume II. The original title is to the effect that in the Internet age, the reading rate of Chinese residents is deteriorating, and it is required to be analyzed. Example 4 is very simple, completely inconsistent with the popular "high score skills" and "full score essentials" on the market. In particular, the structure of the article is almost very "earthy" and very "earthy" - the author simply uses the first, second, and third preambles to indicate. However, if you read it carefully, you will find that inside the seemingly ordinary but strange, seemingly simple structure, there is a clear idea and a rigorous and thorough analysis. Argumentative essay is a reasonable style, the reason is thorough, do you need so many fancy decorations and the same packaging as Dong Shi Gong?
I've seen many teachers like to use the word "vivid" when reviewing students' essays. For example, a leave slip, a search notice, a summary report, can't help but be titled with "vivid" comments. This puzzled me. Does the leave slip still need to be "vivid"? Does the summary report have to be "vivid"? For example, does the language of an argumentative essay have to be vivid?
It is not that language must be "vivid" regardless of the occasion, regardless of the object, regardless of the use, regardless of the style. "Search notice" is applied writing, as long as it can accurately portray the physical characteristics of the missing person to facilitate the search and checking is enough, "vivid" may hinder the realization of this function. The same principle applies to argumentative essay writing. What kind of argumentative essay is a good argumentative essay? Although this is a matter of benevolence and wisdom, the basic standards are still there. Argumentative essays are used to "reason", then, the basic criteria for judging the quality of argumentative essays are also very clear, that is, it is conducive to clarifying the reason and convincing the reader. How to choose materials? How to plot? How is it written? How to rhetoric? Although it is said that thousands of people are racing to cross, each has its own high tricks, but the most basic is to obey the needs of "reasoning".
An argumentative essay on the value of "remembering" reads:
Sitting under the pavilion by the pool, Yi Anju, who was drinking alone in tears, told me in her words that she would always remember the bits and pieces of her life, which were the choices she made on the way to "fight for the ferry". Haizi told me that "from tomorrow onwards" with "facing the sea, spring and warm flowers blooming" and that he will remember all the "waters" of life, because it is the "jade dew" he used to "water" his "flowers". Sanmao remembered the soul of the Sahara forever with her words. Van Gogh used Sunflower to remember his "boat" forever...
This passage is beautiful to read at first glance, and it is difficult to read carefully. Piecing together Yi Anjushi, Haizi, Sanmao, and Van Gogh can indeed scare people, but what is the "specific" content that Yi Anju remembers? What is the "water" of life that Haizi uses to water his "flowers", "Gyokuro", and what is "concrete"? What does Sanmao's "Sahara Soul" and Van Gogh's "Ship" refer to? The expression of the cloud mountain fog cover looks vivid and vivid, flexible and colorful, but it is mostly a fancy and lack of clear connotation of metaphors or metaphorical sets. This is paradox, this is the dragonfly dotting the water, giving people a feeling of being out of bounds.
Such an expression undermines its rational power.
How to express it? In the writing of argumentative essays, more consideration should be given to the purpose of reasoning, the object of reasoning, and the content of reasoning. We have read "Zou Ji Satirizes Qi Wang Na Zhi", let's see how Zou Ji deals with these three problems. Zou Ji's purpose was not to confront, not to vent, not to provoke anger, his purpose was to advise. In other words, he did not despair of the monarch, and he wanted to advise in a kind, cooperative manner. From the object point of view, the monarch is highly powerful, he can listen to you, or he can not listen to you; he can accept it happily, or he may reject it angrily, and the particularity of this object determines that Zou Ji cannot go straight to the point, but must take a detour. Also, that is, the "reason" that is said. In fact, people with high positions of power are easy to be deceived, this is a very simple truth, the monarch can not not understand, but because of its high position of power and often forget, so the important thing is to wake up, is to remind, is to wake up, is to wake up, not to nagging explanations, explain in a detailed manner. Therefore, the clever Zou Ji chose to tell stories and make analogies. This avoids direct confrontation, and easily awakens the sleeping conscience of the monarch, promoting dialogue and cooperation between monarchs and subjects. Isn't that wisdom?
Therefore, we cannot exaggerate the role of strategy and expression skills, and without thought, culture and thinking, the technology itself will lose its support, and this is precisely the misunderstanding of many people in their understanding. Today's writing tutorial books, too much emphasis on writing technology, but also like to "skills", "tricks", "methods", "secrets" and "unique secrets" to flaunt. It should be admitted that there are skills in writing, but the tricks are really not. As for reading materials such as "Innovative Composition Secrets" and "Full Score Composition Secrets", they are obviously deceitful. The reason is very simple, how can innovative composition have "secrets"? If you can "innovate" according to the "secret", is it still "innovation"? At the same time, wise people also know that a full score essay is encounterable and unattainable. Technology is always attached to the content of thought, and without the content of thought, technology fundamentally loses its meaning of existence.
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