Guangzhou Yongqingfang
On October 24, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited Yongqingfang, Xiguan Historical and Cultural Block, Liwan District, Guangzhou. He pointed out that in urban planning and construction, we must attach great importance to the protection of history and culture, not rush to achieve quick success, and do not demolish or build large-scale construction. It is necessary to highlight local characteristics, pay attention to the improvement of the living environment, adopt more "embroidery" kung fu of micro-transformation, pay attention to the inheritance of civilization and cultural continuation, let the city leave a memory, let people remember nostalgia.
Guangcai, Guangxiu, Cantonese opera... An old street, an old shop, like a slowly unfolding picture.
On the afternoon of October 24, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping came to Yongqingfang, Xiguan Historical and Cultural Block, Liwan District, Guangzhou, to inspect the transformation of the old city, the repair and protection of historical and cultural buildings along the street, and walked into the Cantonese Opera Art Museum to understand the inheritance and protection of Cantonese opera art. When it comes to urban planning and construction, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that the inheritance and root of urban civilization is very important, and tradition and modernity should be integrated and developed, "so that the city can leave a memory and let people remember nostalgia."
Recently, the reporter walked into Yongqingfang, and the endless stream of punchers to feel the exuberant popularity and cultural atmosphere of "net red" Yongqingfang, and explored the transformation of Guangzhou's old city and the revitalization of historical districts behind the "new vitality of the old city".
In the past "May Day" holiday, Yongqingfang in Laoxiguan, Guangzhou, was full of tourists, and the flow of punch cards was far more than usual. Aunt Xu, a neighbor who lives on the single street of Enning Road, runs her own small shop as usual, and she is very happy to see such people coming and going: "Compared with the previous cold and cold, of course, it is a micro-transformation, the neighborhood environment has become better, and the popularity has been restored." ”
From large-scale demolition and construction to repairing the old as the old, building the new as before
For the first time, it was proposed to do a reduction plan in the old city
Recalling the scene when she married enning road in 1997, Aunt Xu introduced to reporters that at that time, enning road was full of shops along the street, mainly grain and oil, pharmacies, furniture, hardware and other neighborhoods for a living, and the prosperity was not inferior to today. However, enning road qilou street and inner streets and lanes born in 1931 have aged under the erosion of time, and in the 1990s, it is one of the most concentrated areas of dangerous old houses in Guangzhou, which is in urgent need of repair, maintenance and renovation, and the transformation of Enning Road has begun to be on the agenda. In the early stage, the Enning Road project tried to renovate the old and build the new through a series of dangerous and dilapidated houses. In 2007, the demolition and relocation was fully launched, and 1816 households were relocated to 2760 households in the Enning Road plot.
However, enning road is the most well-preserved arcade building complex in Guangzhou, bruce Lee ancestral residence, Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall, Bahe Guild Hall, Luan Youtang, Baoqing Dabao and other historical buildings with Lingnan characteristics are located in it, and also gather a number of intangible cultural heritage such as Cantonese opera music, martial arts medicine, hand seal carving, paper-cutting, Xiguan copper, Guangcai, And Guang embroidery. How to protect these profound historical cultures while renovating? In various voices, after the completion of the comprehensive improvement project of The Lychee Bay River, the Enning Road plot stopped the pace of construction.
Aunt Xu's family and a few neighbors chose to stay behind, and experienced the most silent period of time with Enning Road, "chaotic bricks and tiles, broken walls and ruins... Qilou Street became deserted, leaving a familiar neighborhood that could be counted by a pair of hands. ”
Huang Zhizhong, deputy director of the Liwan District Housing and Construction Bureau, was responsible for following up the relocation work that year. He recalled that after the relocation, the Enning Road project began to seek a balance of economic interests, public interests and cultural values of the city.
The turning point came around 2009. On the premise of protecting history and culture, Guangzhou for the first time proposed to do a reduction plan in the old city; no longer demolished and built, and adopted the micro-transformation method of repairing the old as old and building new as before, protecting the old block texture and the traditional arcade street, restoring the river, and canceling the main urban roads running through the plot. In June 2011, the "Detailed Planning Guidelines for the Renovation and Renewal of Land Plots in the Old City of Enning Road" was adopted, proposing the principles of block improvement and restoration, "the whole old is as old as the old", "the old and new architectural features are integrated", "the original street and alley texture is retained", and "the introduction of new industries" is proposed. "From large-scale demolition and construction to micro-transformation, it is not only a turning point in the fate of Enning Road, but also a change in the thinking of the transformation of the old city of Guangzhou." Huang Zhizhong said.
Social capital + government regulation
Guangzhou's first old city micro-transformation BOT project
After the clear adoption of the micro-transformation method, the idea of who invests and who transforms is gradually becoming clear. In June 2012, Guangzhou Decided to "package the enning road plots other than museum land and expropriated reserved houses as a whole and hand them over to Liwan District for construction, development and operation management in accordance with the requirements of 'Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities and Construction of Lingnan Famous Cultural Cities'", and the BOT (Construction-Operation-Transfer) model of promoting the micro-transformation of Enning Road Area by introducing social capital surfaced. "Guangzhou adopted the BOT project for the micro-transformation of the old city, and the Enning Road project was the first." Huang Zhizhong said.
The first phase of Yongqingfang Area was publicly tendered in early 2016, and the operating period of the winning enterprise was 15 years. The first phase was completed and opened to the public in October 2016. The second phase also adopts this model, and was publicly tendered in September 2018, with an operating period of 20 years.
In addition to enterprises, the Liwan District Urban Renewal Construction Project Management Center plays the role of guide and regulator in the transformation process to ensure that the project takes into account social benefits, historical and cultural values, "in the project construction, safety supervision and quality supervision and other aspects of the functional departments, in the key construction nodes of the micro-transformation is more closely focused." Huang Zhizhong said.
The second phase of Yongqingfang will be fully completed by the end of this year
The high popularity attracts Lingnan cultural intangible cultural heritage masters to settle in
Today's Yongqingfang is considered to be one of the benchmarks for the transformation of Guangzhou's old city and the revitalization of the historic district. From the 8,000 square meters of the first phase to the 70,000 square meters of the second phase, the physical space is wider, the format is more diversified, and the popularity is becoming more and more sufficient.
Entrepreneurial youth Lin Yun's pottery shop was settled in the first phase of Yongqingfang in 2018, and General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the store during his inspection of Yongqingfang, which gave him great encouragement. "The flow of people has obviously increased this year." Lin Yun said that Yongqingfang has changed from the initial park to a scenic spot, and its popularity is more exuberant, and it is necessary to change Yongqingfang from a popular punch point to a tourist consumption boom, which requires the efforts of every entrepreneur.
On August 22 last year, Guangzhou's first intangible cultural heritage block opened in Yongqingfang, and 10 intangible cultural heritage master studios were stationed, including Zhai Huiling, a provincial representative inheritor of Guangcai porcelain firing technology and a master of arts and crafts in Guangdong Province. "The high popularity of Yongqingfang and the properties of young people's punch-in points are the most attractive, and we use this place as a publicity window for Guangcai." According to rough statistics, 70% of the people who walk into Zhai Huiling's studio are young people. "From the current point of view, there are still results, at least there are more people who know Guangcai."
"Let the city leave a memory, let people remember nostalgia", as a lingnan cultural center and a famous historical and cultural city, Guangzhou has deeply excavated the connotation of Lingnan culture and Cantonese culture in recent years, and continued to increase protection and utilization, so that the old city can continue to rejuvenate new vitality and Lingnan culture continue to glow with new charm. In Yongqingfang, the second phase of the overall plan will be fully completed by the end of this year, when a vibrant neighborhood that integrates tradition and modernity, with a unique Cantonese charm and Lingnan style, will be presented to people.
Leave the city in memory
The core depends on "embroidery" kung fu
When inspecting Yongqingfang, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to pay attention to the inheritance of civilization and the continuation of culture, so that the city can leave a memory and let people remember nostalgia. In the process of renovating the old city, how can we really "let the city leave a memory and let people remember nostalgia"? The core is fine operation, one street and one alley, one room and one tile, one grass and one tree, all must be taken seriously. The development of a city should be based on the harmonious evolution of the entire ecosystem, the revival of an area should maintain the value characteristics of traditional culture, and the writing of a building should respect the rational logic of historical roots.
Enning Road is located in the core area of Lingnan culture, its history is long, thick, and the area has a complete texture and high historical value, which belongs to the precious heritage of the old town of Guangzhou, and the emphasis on its historical and cultural value is the premise of transformation. It must be acknowledged that good business operation is a prerequisite for the continued revitalization of the neighborhood. The Yongqingfang and Cantonese Opera Art Museum projects have played a leading role in the revitalization of the precinct and the transformation of the old city, and if they can be connected with Shangxiajiu and Lychee Bay in the future, it will be of great significance to Guangzhou, a city with a history of more than 2,000 years. At the same time, the protection and revitalization of historic districts needs to be more refined under the premise of balancing commercial interests and historical and cultural values, which is also where the "embroidery" kung fu lies.
From the current point of view, there is still some room for improvement in the transformation of Enning Road. For example, the protection of the classification and grading of buildings in the plot should be more refined; the understanding of cultural ecology and systematic protection also need to be further strengthened.
At present, Yongqingfang is biased towards the internet red format that young people like, the tourism format that serves tourists, which is relatively successful from the effect point of view, and I think that the vision of transformation should be long, the pattern should be large, the vision should be wide, do a good job in cultural brands, protect cultural diversity, and encourage the entry of bookstores, intangible cultural heritage and other cultural industries in various ways, such as the operation of guangzhou's first intangible cultural heritage block, we are happy to see that Yongqingfang has such a format. In addition, the neighborhood should also create convenience for the life of the indigenous people, and pay attention to the protection of the ecological life of the indigenous people.
Interviewee: Guo Qian, Professor of School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Design Creator of Cantonese Opera Art Museum
Guangzhou Practice
Polish the "urban renewal" business card to explore the high-quality development model
In recent years, under the meticulous elaboration of urban renewal actions, Guangzhou, a city with a long history, has further rejuvenated.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the city's "three old" transformation added 18,773 mu of new implementation area, completed the transformation area of 17,712 mu, and completed fixed asset investment of 112.5 billion yuan, an increase of 31% year-on-year. The micro-transformation of old residential areas has completed 232, 496 kilometers of "third-line" renovation, and the cumulative transformation of old buildings is 23.42 million square meters. The community roads are smooth and clean, the street park is fragrant with flowers, and the streets and alleys have become the hottest punching points under the camera. The happiness brought about by urban renewal has also become a source of motivation for people living in the city to work hard.
In August last year, the 11th Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Guangzhou Municipal Committee deployed a new round of urban renewal and formed a "1+1+N" policy system. Urban renewal and artificial intelligence and digital economy have become the "twin engines" that promote the city to accelerate the realization of "new vitality of old cities".
In 2021, Guangzhou's urban renewal ushered in the year of "big dry", and an urban renewal on-site meeting was held on January 6 to comprehensively promote a new round of urban renewal work. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Guangzhou plans to promote the transformation of 183 urban villages, 541 village-level industrial parks, 182 professional wholesale markets and 11 logistics parks, basically complete 422 old block transformation projects, use the "1+1+N" policy system of urban renewal, and use embroidery efforts to comprehensively promote the "three old" transformation, "three parks" transformation, "three chaos" rectification and other nine key tasks of urban renewal.
After a series of renovations, the Renhouzhi Community of Haizhu Street in Haizhu District has taken the begonia flower element as a distinctive theme, shaping the new appearance of the district street and making the living environment of residents more comfortable and beautiful. In the Julongwan area of Liwan District, through the transformation of municipal state-owned enterprises, the transformation of old factories, old cities and old villages, a new area integrating business, tourism, headquarters economy and residential functions is being born.
We need space from the stock and promote development with quality. Standing at the intersection of the "two hundred years" goal, Guangzhou will work together to polish the "urban renewal" business card, accelerate the pace of development, and create a beautiful Guangzhou that is in the forefront of the country, the satisfaction of citizens, the "high quality" of economic development and the "high value" of the ecological environment, and compose a satisfactory answer sheet for the people with high quality. Guangzhou will also take the opportunity of urban renewal to take the lead in exploring new vitality and effective models for old cities in the country's megacities, explore new models for the high-quality development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration, and write the answer to the era of reform and innovation with wonderful changes.
Planners: Yang Qingpu, Zhou Chenghua, Lin Ming
Execution: Zhao Dongfang, Yu Jing
Coordinator: Wang Chenyang, Zhang Yu, Tang Xinxin, Xu Meihua
Article/Guangzhou Daily all-media reporter Wu Duo and Quan Jie
Photo: Guangzhou Daily all-media reporter Liao Xueming
Poster/Tam Wai Lan
Guangzhou Daily Xinhuacheng editor Wen Junhua Hu Qunzhi