According to relevant historical records, ancient Japanese monks came to China and wrote a poem "Sunrise Fuso is My Home", which has been widely circulated in Japan and China for hundreds of years, and has become a good story of friendly exchanges between the Chinese and Japanese peoples. However, the author consulted some materials and found that there are many "versions" of this poem, the verses are similar, but the words are still different, and who the author is, when and where the work was created varies. It is now collected and analyzed briefly, hoping to play a role in throwing bricks and stones.
I. The "Version" of "Sunrise Fuso is My Home"
1. Guangde version. According to the Guangdezhou Chronicle, "The Yuan Japanese monk Liang Gong (元号元照) entered Middle-earth in the seventh year and reached the Hengling Mountains north of the state. Lingzhiyang Wufeng Sen Lie, love its land victory, Sui Jie Nunnery burned cultivation, the year one hundred and eighty died. "Sunrise Fuso is my home": Sunrise Fuso is my home, with the waves to China. The situation in front of me is very different, but the flowers are like cold plums. ChenghuaJian Shuzhou ShouLu Fengji, according to the "Lu Ji" and "Liang Zen Master Quotations" added. (Guangxu", Guangdezhou Zhi, Vol. 42, Xianshi, p616)
And built an: "Hengling Nunnery was built in the northwest of the prefecture sixty miles, Hongwu ii years old, now Ming YuanZhao'an (named after the Liang Gongfa), Zhizhou Lu Fengji, in the northern fifty miles of the state, Yuan Dade seven years built, Ming orthodox chenghuajian repair." (Guangxu, Guangdezhou Zhi, Vol. XIV, Temple View, p228)
2. Beijing version. According to the "Quotations of The Zen Master Liang", written in about 1467, when the Japanese monk Liang Zhe visited Hokke-ji Temple in the Ming Dynasty (1451), He Yun said: "The scenery in front of you is different, but there are flowers like cold plums." ”
3. Taizhou version. According to the (Qing) Fang Jinglian and Zhang Lianyuan's "Taizhou Fuzhi" in the "Wu Poetry": "According to the legend of jianjiao, a wafting wind arrives, and the title is cloudy: Fusang is my home, and the good wind is sent to China." The foreground of the eyes is very different, but the flowers are like cold plums. Teleported to the official, it is sent back to the country. When Jiajing was in turmoil and set it up late, it would inevitably be imprisoned. (Qing Qianlong, "All Zhejiang Poetry, Volume 39", p957)
Probably means that in the early years of Jiajing, it is said that a Japanese shipwrecked at sea and drifted to Jianjiao, and the Japanese on board were rescued. When the government learned of this, they sent him back to China. When the Japanese man left, he also wrote this thank you poem.
4. Chongqing version. Sanqi Temple was built during the Ming Dynasty's Wanli Dynasty, and Guangxu's "Rongchang County Chronicle" said: "The distant mountains in front of the temple are like boats, that is, the eight scenery of the stone navigation autumn water." Former Ming Japanese monks were quite capable of poetry. I can't record his feelings, there are clouds: the sunrise Fuso is my home, and the downwind falls to China. The scenery in front of you is as different as a different, but the flowers are like cold plums. The county chronicle also made a detailed account of the Establishment of Japanese monks: "Japanese monks, monks with blue eyes and cyan hair, and strange appearance. Yun: From Japan to hang Xichangzhou Sanqi Temple. How strange, or silent for days, or not eating for days. When people see it, they will never make a word with it. It is also rare for a long time. More than a decade later, it drifted away. The traces of his disciples' probing are also gone. According to this, Jian monks were listed by historians as "the earliest foreign monks to chongqing". (Qing Liao Chaoyi, Wen Kang, Rongchang County Chronicle, vol. 68)
5. Guangzhou version. The South China Sea Temple, also known as the "Polo Temple", is said to have been a tribute envoy of the Polo kingdom in ancient times called Da Xi Sikong who came here with a boat and brought two Polo honey trees to plant in front of the temple. The next morning, he climbed to the top of the small hill on the side of the temple, "Bathing Sun Pavilion", to watch the beautiful scenery of the bath day, and he fell in love, but the boat he was riding on had sailed away. Da Xi Sikong could only look at the ocean and weep, and then turned into stone, and from then on every morning, the neighbors nearby would hear his crying, and the poem said: "The sunrise Fuso is the Ru family, and it is sent to China by the wind." Chickens and dogs barked similarly, and there were bayberry flowers everywhere. (Li Shufen, "The Legend of the Polo Messenger and the Borneo Honey", Guangzhou Literature and History 'Huangpu 17th Series)
According to folklore, Because Da Xi Sikong could not return to his homeland, he read two sentences: "Sunrise Fuso is my home, because of greedy play in China!" Later, an official visited this place, heard about this matter, and continued the following two sentences: "Chickens and dogs bark similarly, and everywhere there are bayberry flowers." (Hongming," The Origin of the "Polo Temple!") (II)", 2009.03.11)
Second, the key word in various versions of "Sunrise Fuso is My Home"
1. Who is the author? The author of "Sunrise Fuso is My Home" in the "Guangde version" is the monk "Liang Gong", that is, the monk with the surname Liang, which basically coincides with the author of the "monk Liang Zhe" in the "Beijing version", and combining the "version" of the two places, we can judge that the author of the poem is Liang Zhe, the French number Yuanzhao; and in the "Chongqing version", the author of the poem is a Japanese monk; in the "Guangzhou version", the author of the poem is a tribute envoy of the Baltic State (present-day Bangladesh and most of the Indian state of Bihar) called Da xi Sikong, but whether this tribute envoy is Japanese or not cannot be verified;" In the Taizhou version, the author of the poem is a Japanese who is in distress at sea, and there is no explicit name.
Based on this, we found that only the "Guangde version" and the "Beijing version" can corroborate each other, and the other three "versions" are isolated evidence, but we can make it clear from these five "versions" that "Sunrise Fuso is My Home" was made by the Japanese.
2. Creation time. The author of "Sunrise Fuso is My Home" in the "Guangde Version" wrote it after Yuan Dade entered Middle-earth in the seventh year, that is, after 1303, which is also the time recorded in various "versions" yesterday; the "Beijing Version" records that the date of the poem's creation is 1451; the "Taizhou Version" records that the date of the poem was the early year of Jiajing, that is, later 1522; the "Chongqing Version" records that the date of the poem was written during the Wanli period (the author is also the founder of the Sanqi Temple), that is, from 1573 to July 1620; The Guangzhou version "has no time record.
3. Creation location. At present, there are five places of creation, which can be traced today: Yang Wufeng, located in Wulaofeng, Xinhang Town, Guangde City, Anhui Province; Fahua Temple, located in the present-day Fahua Temple Street in Dongcheng District, Beijing; Jianjiao, now Jianjiao, in present-day Jianjiao Town, Sanmen County, Zhejiang Province; Sanqi Temple, located in Renyi Town, north of Rongchang District, Chongqing; Nanhai Temple, located in Fuxu Town, on the west side of the east temple head of huangpu in present-day Guangzhou.
Third, the authenticity of various versions of "Sunrise Fuso is My Home"
1. Analyze from the authorship of the poem. In the "Guangzhou version", the author of the poem is a tribute envoy of the Baltic kingdom, that is, Daxi Sikong is an ancient Indian, and the Japanese who "sunrise Fuso is my home" are contradictory, according to this, the authenticity of the "Guangzhou version of the cloth" can first be excluded; in the "Taizhou version", the author of the poem is a Japanese person who was shipwrecked and took refuge, and other "versions" have made it clear that the author is a Japanese monk, according to which the authenticity of the "Taizhou version" is doubtful.
2. Analyze from the time when the poem was written. The "Guangzhou version" has no clear time record, only "transmission", while other "versions" have specified the time or approximate time period of the poem' creation, according to which the authenticity of the "Guangzhou version" can be excluded; and the "Chongqing version" recorded that the date of the poem was created during the Wanli period, more than 200 years later than the "Guangde version" and more than 100 years later than the "Beijing version", which can be considered to be plagiarism of the first two versions, so the "Chongqing version" can also be excluded.
3. Analyze from the place of creation. In the "version" of the five places, all four places are temples, and the "Taizhou version" does not explicitly mention temples, which can once again exclude the authenticity of the "version".
4. Analyze from the objects depicted in the work. In the poem "Sunrise Fuso is My Home", there are four "versions" with the keyword Hanmei, and the keyword in the "Guangzhou version" is Bayberry, which can once again exclude the authenticity of the "version";
3. Summary
1. From the analysis of the four elements of authorship, creation time, creation location, and "keywords" of the work, the authenticity of the "Guangzhou version" can be completely denied.
2. From the analysis of the three elements of authorship, creation time and place of creation, the authenticity of the "Taizhou version" can basically be denied.
3. From the perspective of the creation time, the "Chongqing version" is more than 300 years later than the "Guangde version", and the "Beijing version" is more than 200 years later, and its authenticity is greatly reduced.
4. From the analysis of the four elements of authorship, creation time, creation location, and "keywords" of the work, the "Beijing version" has reliability, however, the "version" is more than 100 years later than the "Guangde version", and only the last two sentences of the poem are recorded, and the integrity of the poem reduces the authenticity of the "version", in addition, wanli "Ying Tianfu Zhi", Guangxu "Shun Tianfu Zhi" and other Beijing chronicles, there is no record of the poem. The "Beijing version" is also questionable.
In addition, although the "keyword" in the "Beijing version" has the element of Hanmei, it reduces the credibility of its "version". Because, in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, plum blossoms were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin, and Beijing was rarely extremely rare. Beijing "moved plum blossoms from Jiangnan to about the last year of Dade or the beginning of the Great Year (1307-1308)"; during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), due to the influence of climate, plum blossoms in the Beijing area can be described as rare, and Zhang Ning's "Meinan Sequence" of the Ming Dynasty "Now the north of Jiangnan is gradually widowed, and the plums are gradually gone." (Cheng Jie, "Research on the Aesthetic Culture of Chinese Plum Blossoms", Chengdu Bashu Book Society, 2008, P58-59, 85)
5. From the analysis of the four elements of authorship, creation time, creation location, and "keywords" of the work, the "Guangde version" is relatively the most authentic compared with the "version" of the other four places, however, there are also fly in the ointment, and the GuangdeZhou Chronicle records that the author of the poem Liang Gong lived for 180 years, which also makes people doubt the authenticity of the "version".
【Editor's Note】
Due to the long age and limited information, the original real situation of "Sunrise Fuso is My Home" we can not verify for the time being, this article explains the deficiencies, please axe correct! At the same time, I would like to thank Mr. Zhang Jingyu of Capital Normal University for providing important information.
(Author: Xu Houbing, a native of Guangde, Anhui, a self-media person, and a lover of local history.) ）