Try to discuss Han Yu's three derogatory poems

Try to discuss Han Yu's three derogatory poems in the year of the year- and discuss several issues such as when to hear the pardon order and transfer the order

Author: Ke Wancheng

I. Introduction

Han Yu has three derogatory poems: "Will first send Zhang Duan's envoy Jun borrowing the Tujing to Shaozhou", "Measure the Yuan Prefecture Zhang Shaozhou Duan Gong to celebrate the reward with poetry", and "Shaozhou to leave Zhang Duan's envoy Jun" poem, historically, there have been different opinions on the lineage of the previous poems, this article will discuss them, and the other two poems will be discussed. Because it talks about when to hear the pardon order, the measure of the order, and several other issues, involving the laws of the Tang Dynasty; this is rarely discussed in the writings of Han Yu. The author does not speculate, the draft is written into this article, and the Greek Fang family corrects it.

Second, Han Yu's three derogatory poems are related to the issue of the year

(1) The views of the various families on the poem "To Shaozhou first send Zhang Duan's envoy Jun borrowing the Tujing"

"Wei Ben Quotes Hong Xingzu Yue": "This poem and down to the "Shaozhou Liubei Poem" were written from the tide to Yuan Daozhong. ”

Fang Chengjue's "Chronology of Mr. Changli's Poetry", which is based in the fifteenth year of Yuan He, Yun: "It is the first month of the year." ”

Cen Zhongmian's "Tang Shi Yu Yu" recognizes this poem as the work of who tide, Yun: "... If you come and go from Shao, then who knows that it was once in its place, why is it that at this time: 'The rivers and rivers of Qujiang have smelled for a long time, and I am afraid that it is difficult to visit without knowing'? If it is doubtful that the two poems are signed by Zhang Duangong, then the more two times through Shao, only about eight months before and after, when he went south, Zhang Duangong may have already been on Shao Renye. Gu Zhizhi is waiting to be questioned. Or is there a poem title cloud in the same volume: "Last year, the servant of the Punishment Department degraded the Chaozhou Thorn History to take the post", or when he came, he was not allowed to linger in the landscape, so the sentence 'smelled for a long time' is still harmless to pass through it again? ”

Qian Zhonglian is based on Yuan and fifteen years Gengzi, and Qu Shouyuan is based on Yuan and fifteen years. Although the two families do not have a clear month, they should refer to the first month.

Luo Liantian believed that it should be tied to the spring and first month of the fifteenth year of Yuan He, Yun: "The spring first month of the fifteenth year of Yuan he will go to Shaozhou, and there are poems that first send Shi Zhangshi to borrow the Tujing. And on the clouds: "Yuan He six years Han Yu tasted as a member of the staff of the foreign lang, in charge of the map of the world, so yu tu jing is quite familiar with it." Deprecating Chaozhou, forced by Yan Cheng, on the way to the mountains and rivers, there is no time to travel, so send Shao Shouyun ,......。 ”

Huang Chengxi, according to the above quotation Fang, Hong Zhi and Luo Said, also belonged to the first month of the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty.

In addition to quoting the above theories, Zhang commented on Yun: "According to Han Yu's "Yuan Zhou Thorn History Xie Shang Table", he said that on October 24, 144, the quasi-routine was transferred to the history of Yuan Zhou Thorn ... According to the edict issued on October 24, the edict reached the tide of more than 2,500 kilometers, and when Han Yu went, it took 100 days, and this station was passed through the month, and the earliest to the tide was also obtained in late November or early December. At the end of November or early December, han Yu's arrival in Shaozhou was appropriate at the end of December of the fourteenth year, and this poem should be written on the way to Shaozhou in late December. In the fifteenth year of Zhu Puyun, Cen Zhongmian said that the fourteenth year of spring was done by Shao, and Gu (according to the doubt that it was a mistake) did not carefully examine the situation at that time, and Han Yu 's Xie Table of Yuan Zhou] said that he would come to Yuan Prefecture on the eighth day of this month. 'This month' should be the fifteenth leap month, not February. If it is from Shao to Yuan, six or seven hundred kilometers of road, that is, if you cross the ridge and take a boat down the Xiang River, it will be nearly ten days. Therefore, the poems written before shaoshi could never have been written in the spring of the fifteenth year. At this time, although Han Yue stabbed Yuan was not necessarily satisfied, his mood was good, he had the pleasure of traveling, and it was about to be the Spring Festival, it was possible to stay in Shao for a few days, and it was possible to move to the sea corner when he came, life and death were uncertain, there was no such tour, and he was forced to go to his post, so Cen said that it was impossible. Therefore, Zhang Shizhi was born in the yuan and in late December of the fourteenth year.

Chen Keming's quotations from Erfang, Hong, and Cen are also related to the Yuan and fifteenth years.

Note: This poem Fang Songqing's "Juzheng" is thought to be "returning to the sun and then going through Shaoyang's work"; its "Han Chinese Chronology" is also related to: "Yuan he fourteen years of self-hai." ”

Looking at the year of this poem, there are five theories: 1, Yuan and Fourteen years, who wrote when the tide was in. Fang Songqing 'Chronology] and Cen Zhongmian's;2. "Returning to the Place of the Sun by Shaoyang", Fang Songqing's "Juzheng" (舉正) as the lord; 3. Yuan and the fourteenth and fifth years, "Moving from the Tide to Yuan Daozhong", Hong and the ancestral lords; 4, Yuan and the fourteenth year, Zhang Qinghua's lord; 5, Yuan and the fifteenth year of the first month, Fang Chengjue, Qian Zhonglian, Qu Shouyuan, Luo Liantian, Huang Chengxi, Chen Keming.

Regarding the first statement, Zhang Qinghua has refuted it and can be excluded.

The second statement refers to the transfer of Yuan Prefecture from Chaozhou through Shaoyang, which is basically correct;

As for the third saying, "moving from the tide to Yuan Daozhongzuo" can be done from mid-November of the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty to the leap month of the fifteenth year. The fourth and fifth statements basically want to analyze the previous theory, which is why there are differences between Zhang and Erfang, Qian, Luo, Huang, and Qu Chen.

(2) A few points of investigation

The title of this poem is "Will go to Shaozhou first send Zhang Duan minister Jun borrowing the Sutra", that is, the cloud "will come", then the writing time may be in Chaozhou, guangzhou, or when it will be in Shaozhou. The following test points are divided into several points: 1. When will the pardon be received? 2. When to receive the amount of transfer books? 3. When is the tide out? 4. When to Guangdong? 5. When will it be? 6. When will I arrive in Yuan?

1. When will I receive the pardon?

When will Han Yu receive the pardon? The focus of the inspection is: (1) When will the imperial court promulgate? (2) Is there any reason for the pardon? (3) How many miles does the forgiveness go? (4) How many miles is Chang'an to Chaozhou?

According to volume 241 of the Tongjian: "In the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, in July he was ugly, and the courtiers were honored and pardoned the world." "The Hong Spectrum is the same. Ibid. in the New Book of the Emperor Jiezongji.

According to Emperor Tang's "Amnesty for the Fourteenth Year of Yuanhe", it was on july of that year (the thirteenth day), and the text said: "Since the thirteenth day of July of the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the great exonerating of the crime has been discovered, it has not been discovered, it has been corrected, it has not been corrected, it is a prisoner, the crime is not serious, and it is forgiven; only the murder and the official code of theft are not limited here." The left lowering official volume is moved closer, and those who have been measured are more with the amount of movement.... This pardon text can be found in Volume 10 of the Collected Edicts of the Tang Dynasty, Volume 63 of the Quan Tang Dynasty, and Volume 422 of the Wenyuan Yinghua. However, the details are slightly different, with the most detailed one contained in volume 63 of the Quan Tang Wen. As for the date of the pardon, it is also found in volumes 55, 68, 81, 89, 131 and 491 of the Book of Records.

To the Old Book of the Ji Dynasty, vol. 15: "July Xin Mi (5th), the title of the lord of the group." "Doubtful.

According to the "Tang Law Consultation" "Probation of the System of Scriveners" article omission: "Although the pardon book is counted on a large number of papers, it must not take three days." ”。 The "pardon letter" is a major event in itself, and in other words, at the latest on July 16, it should be forwarded from Shangshu Province to the Hundred Divisions of the World.

The Tang Dynasty pardon book has a provision of five hundred miles a day, for example, according to Tang Jiezong's "Yuan he Fourteenth Year Book of Honorific Title Pardon", the end of the text is said: "The pardon book travels five hundred miles a day, announces to the world, and makes the salty messenger know." Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu": "Tang System, Pardon Book Travels Five Hundred Miles a Day"; Chen Jingyun said the same. (Although it's hard to actually travel five hundred miles a day in most areas.)

How many miles from Chaozhou to Chang'an? According to the "Yuanhe County Atlas" is 5625 li.

In general, the amnesty on July 13, the pardon should be forwarded from Shangshu Province to Tianxia Baisi at the latest on July 16; according to the provisions of the pardon day of five hundred miles; from Chang'an to Chaozhou 5625 li, that is, around 12 days; according to the Tang Dynasty Calendar: July is the great month, and the arrival is about July 28. He heard the order at this time. After that, Han Yu also presented the "Greeting Book Honorific Number Table".

2. When to receive the amount of transfer books?

When will Han Yu receive the transfer book? The key points of the inspection are: (1) There are certain procedures for the imperial court to deal with the transfer of books, and for general demotion of officials, what are the procedures? (2) What about special circumstances? (3) Which kind of Han Yu belongs to? (4) What is the content of the book? (5) When will the book be transferred?

After Receiving the pardon, Han Yu knew that he met the conditions for the measurement transfer, but where did the amount move? What about official positions? When it will take effect and so on, he doesn't know. There are still many formalities to be done in the middle.

According to volume 41 of the Tang Huijiao, "In July of the twelfth year of the Yuan And the Twelfth Year, from now on, the left demotion of officials and the responsible officials, etc., and from the time of arrival, after the arrival of the five examinations, Xu Was transferred." ...... After the examination was completed, the appointment of the prefecture capital with the case of depreciation, and to the state and county months, the Shen Punishment Department investigated the responsibility, and the number of officials was transferred, and the famous performance was still known every quarter, and the Shen Zhongshu was under the door. ”

That is to say, for the general demotion of officials, the local state capital will report the reasons for the demotion of the left demotion officer and the time of arrival in the prefecture and county to the Punishment Department; after verification by the Criminal Investigation Department, the officials will assess the seniority of the officials and then measure the official positions; the list drawn up by the officials must still be confirmed by the Zhongshu Menxia. Will issue the "Volume Shift Book". This is a long time. For example, Han Yuzhen's 21-year pardon was moved to Jiangling, which took a total of 166 days.

If the reason and status of the left demotion officer are special, it is specially dealt with.

According to Volume 41 of the Tang Huijiao, "If the offender commits the Ten Evils, the Five Rebellions, and the Accusations of Riding public Opinion, the Misruption of Evil Words, the False Excuses, the Anti-Adverse Circumstances, and the Number of Bribes, and the Circumstances Are Slightly Heavier, it is advisable to have a reason to hear about it." He served as an assassin, a governor, a lang official, a royal history, and a permanent counselor of the Five Pins or above, and was inspected by the Punishment Department, and the reason for the crime was heard, and Shen Zhongshu discussed the punishment. Youyun: "Before the fifth examination, those who encounter amnesty are allowed to be punished at that time." ”

However, the circumstances of Han Yu's crime this time are more serious, according to the "Chaozhou Thorn History Xie Shang Table", self-proclaimed: "Words involved are disrespectful." "In addition, his identity is quite special, and he once served as a squire of the punishment department under the grade of ZhengSipin, so he needs special treatment."

Since Han Yu's case was a special case, the Punishment Department played the cause of his crime and was handled directly by Zhongshu Menxia without going through the official department. Today, taking Han Yu's case of transferring the amount of weight as an example, from the issuance of the pardon on July 13 to the issuance of the letter of forgiveness on October 24, it took about 100 days.

The content of the application for Han Yue's transfer proposed by the Criminal Investigation Department can probably be learned from the "Table of Yuan Zhou's Assassination History". "Yuan Zhou Xie Table" Yun: "The minister said that the minister wrote a book on the bones of the Buddha in the first month of last year, first forgave the minister for being stupid, did not increase the crime, and degraded the history of the Chaozhou thorn from the punishment department." He was pardoned on July 13 of the year of his death. At the end of the text, Youyun: "On the twenty-fourth day of October of his year, the quasi-routine was transferred and the history of the Yuan Prefecture Assassination was re-awarded." In this regard, it can not be regarded as the content of the Imperial Court's "Book of Measuring Shifts", because it includes: the time, place and official position of the measure shift.

What is a "quasi-gauge shift"? It means that although they have not passed the five examinations, they are forgiven by grace and can be measured according to the verses of the pardon on July 13.

Moreover, Han Yue moved a county, and in May of that year, the emperor had already decided when he took over Han Yu's "Chaozhou Thorn History Xie Shang Table". According to the "Old Book Of Han Yu Biography": "Emperor Xuanzong said to Zai chen: 'Yesterday Han Yue went to the Chaozhou table, because he thought about the Buddha's bones that he had advised, and the big things loved me, I didn't know, but the more he was a subject, the more he said that people were in charge of The Buddha was the year of the year. I thought it was easy to be evil. 'If you want to reuse it, so the first words and the song of the watching lord are right. And the Emperor Fu's evil became more and more vicious, afraid of its reuse, and took the lead in saying: "The more the end is too crazy, and it can be moved to a county." 'It is to give Yuan Zhou the history of thorns. ”

According to the custom of moving by weight, Han Yu did move closer to the Capital Division, showing the favor of the imperial court. Chaozhou was 5625 miles away from Chang'an, and Yuanzhou was 2972 miles away from Chang'an, moving 2653 miles closer; from Chaozhou, which originally belonged to Lingnan Province, to Yuanzhou, which belonged to Jiangnan West Province, it moved closer to a prefecture. In terms of grade, because Chaozhou is Xiazhou and Xiazhou Thorn History is Zhengsi Pinxia; Yuan Prefecture is Shangzhou, and Shangzhou Thorn History is from Three Pins, it has been improved.

The Book of Quantitative Shifts was issued by the imperial court on October 24, 1414, and from that day onwards, Han Yu could "quasi-routine quantitative shifts". According to Han Yu's "Yuan Zhou Xie Table": "On October 24, the fourteenth year of Yuan He, the quasi-routine was transferred and the history of Yuan Zhou's assassination was re-awarded. The HongPu cites the Records of Emperor Jiezong as saying: "October Himself, Han Yu Yuan Prefecture Assassin History." Himself, October 24 also. ”

When did Han Yu receive the Book of Quantity Shifting? This book was issued by the imperial court on the twenty-fourth day of October, and if the speed of the pardon is compared, it will take about 12 days to travel 500 miles a day; if it is compared with the speed of 300 miles (ten stations) on the day of the degraded official, it is 18 days, that is, to reach Chaozhou around November 7 to 13.

3. When is the tide out?

When will HanYu leave the tide? There are four observation points: (1) When will he receive the transfer book? (2) Is there a time limit for the transfer of officials? (3) Is there any field to be harvested? (4) How does he use his costume to fake?

According to the "Tang Law Shu Discussion" [the official limit is not to go], Shu Yun: "Discussion: According to the order, the officials each have a dress limit. If the limit is not completed, ten days will be flogged, ten days plus one class, and the sin will be suspended for one year. His substitute has arrived, drowned and not returned, and is allowed not to go to the post to reduce the second degree of guilt. Those who have field seedlings are ordered to 'listen to the dispatch of the fields to be harvested'. Those who do not have a field seedling must return according to the limit. ”

Dunhuang Bo 2504 "Tianbao Ling-style Table Fragments" record "DressIng Style" said: "Edict: After the new official has been appointed this year, if the schedule is not enough, it is advisable to dismiss the post, and it will remain permanent. New Century 28 March 9. ”

It can be seen from the above that officials have dress leave and travel limits. Those who fail to take up their duties shall be dismissed; if the substitute has arrived, they shall be required to take up their posts immediately. In addition, the officials of the Tang Dynasty had vocational fields, and if there were crops to be harvested in the field, their travel limits were calculated from the harvest date, so Han Yu moved from Chaozhou to Yuan Prefecture. The day must be counted for dress leave, the substitute to the tide day, and whether there is a crop to be harvested.

What is a costume leave? After the Tang Dynasty officials were appointed, the imperial court had to give time to prepare, which was dress and dress. At the same time, there is also the time limit for the distance required to reach the appointment, that is, the leave of absence.

According to the Tang Laws, the "False Ning Order" recorded stipulates: "The foreign officials give a false bundle, forty days for those who are within a thousand miles, 50 days for those within 2,000 miles, 60 days for those within 3,000 miles, 70 days for those who are within 4,000 miles, and 80 days for those who are over 4,000 miles." and divide the process. Those who want to go to the journey under false pretenses, listen to it. If there is a problem that needs to be dispatched early, this order shall not be used. If the Official of The Capital is the first to dress outside, the disguise shall be reduced by half of the Foreign Official. ”

Dress leave is not only granted to ordinary officials, that is, left-handed officials and exiles can also be enjoyed to some extent.

As for the cheng fei or the limit of the cheng, according to the "Hubu Du Zhilang Zhong" article of the Tang Liudian: "Where the journey of the land is seventy miles, the horse day is seventy miles, the step and the donkey are fifty miles, and the car is thirty miles." The journey of the water, the weight of the boat, the river day thirty miles, the river forty miles, the remaining water forty-five miles; the empty boat of the river forty miles, the river fifty miles, the remaining water sixty miles; the boats along the river are light and heavy, the river day is one hundred and fifty miles, the river is one hundred miles, the remaining water is seventy miles. ”

As mentioned above, the Book of Quantity Shifts had already arrived in Chaozhou in mid-November; the author thought that even so, he would not be able to leave until after the winter solstice on December 4. Because the surrogate may not have yet arrived, he needs to preside over some ceremonies.

Why stay until the winter solstice? The winter solstice is a major festival in ancient China. In the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court was to make a big decoration, the same as the First Day, there was a big gathering, which was a grand event of the year.

According to the Tang HuiJiao, vol. 24, "Receiving Pilgrimage", although the record is the first day, the winter solstice day can also be compared. The article reads: "The old system of the first day, large furnishings." Zhu Yun: "Crown Prince XuanShou, Cishang Gong Shou, Ci Zhongshu Ling Play Zhuzhou Table, Huangmen Shilang Xiangrui, Hubu Shangshu Play Zhuzhou Contribution, Libu Shangshu Play Zhufan Contribution, Taishi Play Yunwu, Shizhong Play Li Bi, and then Zhongshu Ling and the Worship Official Xuan Shou, when the temple is full of long live." According to the old ceremony, there was no need to enshrine the official birthday ceremony, but according to the rank, the ceremony was completed, and there was no worship. Twenty-five years after the beginning of the new century, Li Jifu reformed his old ritual and played it. The same is true of the winter solstice. "And at the winter solstice, there needs to be a ceremony to celebrate at the local level, and when the new assassin has not yet arrived, someone always needs to be the presiding officer."

Moreover, when the autumn tax was due between October and November, Han Yu might have a field to harvest, and he could only leave after harvesting, and he had to be busy until around the winter solstice.

Han Yu had eighty days of dress leave, how did he use it? There are two points of attention: one is Chaozhou, the other is Shaozhou, the former is over the winter solstice, and the latter is over the Spring Festival.

He has been running Chaozhou carefully for half a year, gaining the love of the people and establishing friendships, and it is very likely that he will drown in Chaozhou for a while; moreover, the amount of transfer order received in mid-November is only ten days away from the winter solstice, (according to the winter solstice of November 28, 28th), so it is possible to stay until the winter solstice.

Therefore, the author thinks that Han Yu is likely to stay until after the winter solstice.

As for Shaozhou, he is likely to spend the Spring Festival here. The time is Chinese New Year's Eve to the seventh day of the first month of the first month. There is a discussion below.

He heard that the "Measure Transfer Order" was in mid-November, and at this time Han Yu had already arranged his journey to Yuan Prefecture to take office. At this time, The Shaozhou Assassin Zhang Duangong had a poem Xiang He, and Han Zuo's poem "Measuring the Migration of Yuan Prefecture Zhang Shao Zhou Duan Gong with a Poem Xiang He Be rewarded": "Will be annoyed by Gui County, first Hui Gao Wen qi xie yu; for the time being, want to tie the ship Shao Shi, Shangbin Yu Shun whole crown." "Meaning, when I leave the tide to go to Yuan to take office, when I take a boat through Shaozhou, I will go to Gui County to pay respects and visit Emperor Shun; I will spend the Spring Festival there." If this is true, the poem was written at this time.

In the past, Han Alcohol of the Song Dynasty said that this poem was written at the "time when the measure shift order was first issued", which was basically correct. But he didn't ask for a time. Luo Liantian believed that when he was ordered in December of the fourteenth year of Yuan He, Huang Chengxi was said to be in December of the fourteenth year of Yuan He, and Zhang Qinghua confessed that the poem was "written in the winter of the fourteenth year of Yuan He", and Chen Keming was said to be in the fourteenth year of Yuan He according to Han Alcohol.

In short, the poem was written between mid-November and late November of that year, no later than December 5.

4. When to Guangdong?

As mentioned above, at the end of July, after Han Yue heard the pardon, he received a transfer letter in mid-November, and left the tide around December 5 after the winter solstice holiday. If Han's waterways are parallel, what is its schedule?

According to the provisions of the "Tang Six Classics" quoted above, "Hubu Du Zhilang Zhong". Therefore, it is known that in parallel with land and water, the daily travel is 60 miles, 917/60 = 16 days, and it takes sixteen days to reach Guangzhou, that is, about December 20. If he had arrived in Guangzhou on a whim, he would have written to borrow the Tu Jing; in conjunction with this verse, "May the Borrowed Tu Jing enter the boundary", which means "will enter the boundary", that is, at the end of mid-December.

From the above discussion, it can be seen that in the past theories of the genealogies, Zhang Qinghua said that the long: Fang Chengjue, Qian Zhonglian, Qu Shouyuan, Luo Liantian, Huang Chengxi, Chen Keming, etc. believed that it was related to the first month of the Yuan and the fifteenth year, and the reason was not very sufficient.

In addition, Han Yue passed through Guangzhou, and whether he stayed or not is unknown.

According to the "Annotations to the Collected Works of Han Changli? The testament has "Chaozhou Xiekong Dafu", Kong Dafu is Kong Jiao, when Han Yu first degraded Chaozhou, Kong Jie was worried about Chaozhou", "the state is small and thin, worried about the lack of money, do not give fifty thousand dollars a month", Han's state of this situation is "clothed and stuttering, silk rice is full" as the reason, wearing Chen thanks. According to the "Han Ji" (On Kong Ji Zhi Shi Zhi In the fifteenth year of Yuan He, Muzong ascended the throne, and in September, Kong Huan was promoted to the position of official Shilang , who was still in Guangzhou. Logically, regardless of the authenticity of "Shekong Zhi", the two are old acquaintances of their colleagues, and since they have passed through Guangzhou, they should be recounted, (Case: There is also a discussion later. However, there is no poetic account of his correspondence;

If so, Han arrived in Guangzhou on December 20 of the last year. According to volume 61 of the Tang Huijiao, "In March of the second year of the Zhenyuan Dynasty, Jing Zhaoyin and the Fifth Qi of the Imperial Master: 'Let people be on the road, and for no reason, they must not be drowned in the pavilion, even if there is a problem, after three days, they will deposit their supply limit in the master's resettlement hall. If there is a family that follows, it is necessary to settle in the village shop, and it is not allowed to order the pavilion to eat what kind of food and grass, and it is waiting for him to provide it to the proposer. The envoys of the Tang Dynasty exchanged and exchanged, and the people in the pavilion had the so-called "drowning" affair.

It is inferred from this that if Han Yu had something to do with guangzhou, the time would not exceed three to seven days. Now there can only be doubt.

5. When will it be?

As mentioned above, arriving in Guangzhou is about December 20, he and his family members are on a boat retrograde, according to the travel limit, it takes 530/45 = 12 days, when arriving in Shaozhou, about the third day of the first month (according to: December is a small month). This is the first case; but in fact, nine days later it is the Spring Festival, and he is going to celebrate the New Year, and it is in Shaozhou. So he might have hurried and ordered him to arrive before Chinese New Year's Eve; otherwise, he would have to spend the Spring Festival on the ship. This is the second case.

Why celebrate the New Year in Shaozhou? At the time of the tide, Zhang Shaozhou Duangong had moved things with poetry, so Han Yu decided to celebrate the New Year in Shaozhou. So the verse says, "Will you be bored through your county,...... I want to tie the boat under the shaoshi for the time being. Besides, there are memories of Han Yu's childhood in Shaozhou, and here, Han Yuzheng can take a leisurely dip and nostalgia. Not only that, but also borrow the map to facilitate the scenery along the way.

Remember, last year, when Han Shi first degraded Chaozhou, passed through Shaozhou, and arrived at Xuanxi, Zhang Shaozhou sent a book to say goodbye, and Han Yue had a poem "Late Xuanxi Insulted Shaozhou Zhang Duan Minister Junshu Farewell Reward with Two Chapters of Absolute Sentences". Now it will go to Shaozhou, and the line "will enter the boundary", plus Xuanxi in the south of the shaozhou capital city eighty miles, walking water, it takes two days; with the horse, half a day can be, back and forth is only one day, the time is just right. If this is the case, it will be done before December 20.

Let's start with the second case.

Han Yu celebrates the New Year in Shaozhou. After the Spring Festival, when parting, there is a poem "Shaozhou Liu Bei Zhang Duan Minister Jun".

In the past, there were different theories about the year of this poem: Fang Chengjue believed that "it was written in the first month of the year (Yuan and fifteenth years)"; Wang Yuanqi believed that it was written in the early February of the yuan and fifteenth years; Xu Zhen believed that "this was overshaodang in November"; Qian Zhonglian believed: "Moving Yuan Guoshao to the fifteenth year leap month". Luo Liantian believes that it was written in the first month of the fifteenth year of the Yuan and Huang Cheng, and Zhang Qinghua believed that this poem was written around the tenth day of the first month", and Chen Keming had quoted money and Wang said that it was in the fifteenth year of the Yuan and the fifteenth year.

According to this inference, this poem is used to leave Zhang Shaozhou after the Spring Festival in Shaozhou, that is, around the seventh day of the first month of the fifteenth year of the Yuan He. Fang Chengjue, Luo Liantian, Huang Chengxi, and Zhang Qinghua said yes.

The four sentences in the poem can be mentioned, that is: "Come and go again to meet Mei Liuxin, don't leave a drunken Qi Luo Chun ,........ known to be a song class when the worship, then drown the white apple?" ”

Look first: "Come and go again to Mei Liuxin, don't leave a drunken Qi Luo Chun", Wei Ben quotes Sun Ru to listen: "In the first month of the fourteenth year of Yuan He, the public depreciated Chaozhou on the bones of the Buddha. March to Chaozhou, October to Yuanzhou, fifteen years to Yuanzhou, its exchanges up and down in Shao, all Meiliu New Time also, so yun. Sun said more or less. However, he said: "March to Chaozhou" of "March", Fang Songqing recognized "definitely not March", Zheng Zhen and Luo Liantian recognized it as "April 25th", his "Zhengzhi to Yuanzhou" as "Positive Month", and Luo Liantian as "Leap Month" (discussed below. The latter says long.

Look again: "It is known that when the recital is worshipped, then the re-drowning of the white apple?" It is said that Zhang Shaozhou has just done a good job in the autumn tax affairs, achieved very good results, and will soon be paid tribute to the imperial court to return to the dynasty. That's a kind word.

Notice that the last sentence: "That remerging" four words, "that remerging" means that there was a flood a few days ago, do not want to drown again at this moment? What does the flooding of the past few days mean? Refers to when in Teochew? When in Guangzhou? Because Guangzhou is unknowable. It can be speculated from this that when Han was in Chaozhou, it was related to the occupation of the field and the winter solstice. That is, the so-called "drowning" also.

If in the first case, Han Arrived in Shaozhou around the third day of the first month and completed the Yuan Day holiday, after the eighth day of the first month, even after the end of the Shangyuan Day, he could also go on the road.

6. When will I arrive in Yuan?

In the past, regarding the arrival time of Han Yu to Yuan Zhou, according to the "Eighth Day of this Month" stated in the "Yuan Zhou Xie Table", there are two theories of the first month and the leap month.

According to the "Yuanhe County Atlas", although there is no direct number of the distance from Shaozhou to Yuanzhou, the approximate situation can be seen by adding up the number of miles in each segment. The situation of Qianji Road is: Shaozhou - Qianzhou - Jizhou ——— Yuanzhou, respectively: 550 li, 520 li, 317 li, indirectly known as 1387 li; as for the situation of Chenzhou Road, Shaozhou - Chenzhou - Hengzhou - Tanzhou - Yuanzhou, respectively: 410 li, 370 li, 460 li, 526 li, a total of 1767 li. Han Yue took the Qianji Road, then Han Yue took 550/70 (calculated by land by horse) 520/70 (calculated by boat along the current) 317/45 (calculated by boat retracing the stream) = about 23 days, the above is only a rough estimate, in fact he walked for a month (it is also possible that he stayed in Chaozhou, Guangzhou or Shaozhou); then the time he said in the "Yuan Zhou Xie Table" to arrive at "the eighth day of the month of this month" should be "the eighth day of the leap month", Luo Liantian said that he said that he could follow it.

Below, try to change the other side of the investigation, from the dress leave, Cheng holiday, Han Yu from Chang'an to Chaozhou, he has a dress leave of 80 days, Cheng leave 5625 miles / 300 miles = 19.4 days (to walk ten stations a day, that is, 300 miles), and 100 days; he went on the road from the fourteenth day of the first month, arrived on April 25, walked for 99 days, no time exceeded, just right.

Moreover, he moved from Chaozhou to Yuanzhou, he has a costume leave of 80 days, Chaozhou to Yuanzhou's number of miles, can be added to each section, Chaozhou - Guangzhou - Shaozhou - Yuanzhou, each is 1600 miles, 530 miles, 1387 miles, a total of 3517 miles, so it is known that his journey and leave are: 3517/300 = 12 days (to walk ten days a day, that is, 300 miles), plus the winter solstice and the yuan day leave 14 days, a total of 106 days; if the Han family has no job field harvest, it will be counted from October 24, and the next year's leap month will arrive on the eighth day of the first month, and the 102 days will be used , without exceeding the deadline, also agree. If the "False Ning Order" is quoted above, it is stipulated: "If the Official of Beijing is the first to dress outside, the costume of the foreign official shall be reduced by half." "Then Han Yu's dress leave was halved, and after deducting 40 days, he was given only 66 days; if he had a job, if he left the tide on December 5, and went to Yuanzhou on the eighth day of the leap month of the following year, a total of 63 days, it was still not exceeded.

III. Conclusion

Summing up the above, the conclusion is as follows:

(1) In terms of major events: On July 13, 14th year of Yuan He, the courtiers ascended the throne and pardoned the world. Han Yu received the pardon around July 28, after which he presented the "Greeting Book Honorific Title List". In mid-November, an order was received to move from October 24 onwards; it was about the winter solstice, and the tide was left around December 5. There are two possibilities: one is to arrive in Shaozhou before Chinese New Year's Eve. After seven days of the Yuan Day holiday, he left Shaozhou around the eighth day of the first month of the fifteenth year of Yuan and the fifteenth year, and from the eighth day of the leap month to Yuanzhou; the other was: arrived in Shaozhou around the third day of the first month. After staying for one week, he left Shaozhou around the tenth day of the first month of the fifteenth year of yuan and fifteen years, and the eighth day of the leap month to Yuanzhou.

(2) In terms of the three derogatory poems: "Will first send Zhang Duan's envoy Jun borrowing the Tujing to Shaozhou" The poem takes the yuan and arrives in Guangzhou around December 20 of the fourteenth year, and it is appropriate to go to Shaozhou, which is proved by the sentence "Willing to borrow the Tujing will enter the boundary". Zhang Qinghua said long. This poem, fang chengjue, Qian Zhonglian, Qu Shouyuan, Luo Liantian, Huang Chengxi, and others believes that it is related to the first month of the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, and the reason is not very strong. As for the "Measure To Move yuan prefecture Zhang Shaozhou Duan Gong to the poetry XiangHe because of the reward", it is advisable to be yuan and the middle of November to december 5 of the fourteenth year. That is, as Han Shuo said: "When the amount of life is transferred at the beginning of the year"; the poem "Shaozhou Liu Bei Bei Zhang Duan Minister Jun" should be around the beginning or middle of the first month of the yuan and fifteen years, Fang Chengjue, Luo Liantian, Huang Chengxi, and Zhang Qinghua said yes; Xu Zhen said that November Zuo, Wang Yuanqi, and Qian Zhonglian said that the leap month was positive, not the first month.

(Postscript: This article is written, about the Tang Law section, I have discussed and asked Professor Gui Qixun and Professor Chen Junqiang for their benefits, and I would like to thank you.) ）

(Excerpt from the Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Chaoxue) (Author Affilications: Institute of Sinology Data Collation, Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan)