In any way, Liu Jingsheng was a well-known figure in the Three Kingdoms era.
In the twenty-first chapter of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Cao Cao boiled wine on heroes, Cao Cao asked Liu Bei to count the heroes of the world, and Liu Bei mentioned Liu Biao, saying: "There is a person named Bajun, Weizhen Jiuzhou, Liu Jingsheng can be a hero? Cao Cao was quite dismissive, saying: "Liu Biao is false and untrue, and he is not a hero." ”
Although "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a novel, it does not arbitrarily distort the image of Liu Biao.
Many of Liu Biao's manifestations are false names and lack of ambition.
Cao Cao's adviser Guo Jia's evaluation of Liu Biao was both direct and crisp: "Table, sit and talk about the ear." ”
The Eastern Wu general Gan Ning not only belittled Liu Biao for "not far away", but also said that his son was clumsy and "not able to inherit the inheritance of the foundation".
In addition, the Wu Li has this passage: "... Quan traveled five or six miles, and returned to preach. Gong saw that the boats and ships were cleaned up and the army was rectified, and he sighed: 'Give birth to a son like Sun Zhongmou!' If Liu Jingsheng son, guinea pig ears! ’”
Here, Cao Cao directly compares Liu Biao and his son to pigs and dogs, which can be described as piercing.
Liu Biao is so unbearable, so what is the reason that the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" borrowed Liu Bei's mouth to say that he was "named Bajun, Weizhen Jiuzhou"?
It is said that during the period of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs monopolized power, corrupted the government and the government, and caused chaos in the world. Many upright nobles, scholars, and students could not see the eyes, and spontaneously formed a special group of celebrities and scholars, and fiercely attacked them.
These celebrities were of high moral character, sometimes called gentlemen, with titles such as "Three Juns", "Eight Juns", "Eight Gu", "Eight Harmony", and "Eight Cooks".
"Three Kings" refers to Dou Wu, Liu Shu, and Chen Fan, and is the "ancestor of the first generation";
"Eight Jun" refers to the eight people headed by Li Bing, who are "heroes of people";
"Eight Gu" refers to the eight people headed by Guo Linzong, who are "those who can lead people with virtue";
"Eight and" refers to the eight people headed by Zhang Jian, who are "those who can guide people to pursue the sect";
"Eight cooks" refers to the eight people headed by Du Shang, who are "those who can save people with money".
According to Zhang Bian's Han Ji, Liu Biao was listed among the "Eight Jiao", "or eight Gu".
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty records that Liu Biao and Zhang Jian of the same county were equally named "Eight Gu", which also referred to as "Eight And".
Whether it belongs to "Eight Jun" or "Eight Jiao", or "Eight Gu", or "Eight Harmony", in short, Liu Biao's reputation in the folk is very high.
In the second disaster of the party, the 26-year-old Liu Biao was hunted down, fled in all directions, and lived a sixteen-year long exile.
In the first year of the Han Ling Emperor Zhongping (184), the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, the imperial court was forced to lift the party ban, and Liu Biao was promoted to a subordinate by the general He Jinzheng, and served as a subordinate officer within the general and managed military affairs.
This year, Liu Biao was 42 years old.
In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Dong Zhuo entered the dynasty, deposed the Young Emperor and established the Emperor Xian, triggering a great reshuffle in the chaotic world.
Among them, Yuan Shao went out of Jizhou to join Mu Hanfu of Jizhou; Yuan Shu went out of Nanyang to join Nanyang Taishou Zhang Zhi, and each of them joined forces against Dong Zhuo... Thus there was a large-scale military campaign by the Kwantung princes to unite their forces against Dong Zhuo.
This time, the joint soldiers, each of them has a ghost fetus, and they all play a small calculation of their own.
For example, Sun Jian, the Taishou of Changsha, took the opportunity to declare a personal vendetta on the way north and killed Wang Rui of Jingzhou and Zhang Zhi of Nanyang Taishou.
Nanyang Taishou Zhang Zhi died, and Yuan Shu took possession of Nanyang, gained all his strength, and had the potential to occupy Jingzhou.
Dong Zhuo saw that Yuan Shu was going to sit big, and even called out badly, and decided to send a person to take over Jingzhou.
Who to send?
He set his sights on Liu Biao.
Why Liu Biao?
Dong Zhuo believed that the banner raised by the Kwantung princes was directed at themselves, and they did not dare to blatantly attack the Liu family of the imperial family, Liu Biao belonged to the royal family Liu family and was also a "eight jun" celebrity, and he had also served as an errand under He Jin, and he had a little friendship with the Kwantung princes, and it was estimated that the Kwantung princes were hindered by love, and they would not openly issue black hands. In addition, Liu Biao had no ruling experience and lacked political background, and he could control it himself, and he could bury a thorn behind the Kwantung princes.
However, what Dong Zhuo was able to give Liu Biao was only a letter of appointment for the History of Jingzhou Assassination issued on behalf of the Han government, and did not send a single soldier or pawn as support.
In fact, at that time, Yuan Shutun was in Luyang (鲁阳, In modern Lushan County, Nanyang County, in modern Lushan County, Henan Province), and he had all the Nanyang people under his command. The Wu people Su Dai were changsha taishou, And Bei Yu was the governor of Huarong County, each of whom claimed hegemony in the local area according to the militia, and if Liu Biao brought more people and had a huge target of action, he was likely to be intercepted by these reactionary forces.
Therefore, Liu Biao did not have any dissatisfaction with Dong Zhuo's arrangement, but instead rejoiced, disguised himself and entered Jingzhou alone.
People have arrived in Jingzhou, but the situation is turbulent, the Han government's control over the local area is weak and weak, and Jingzhou is in a barbaric area where Yi and Han are mixed, and many local Hao clan forces known as "Zong Thieves" are divided in a longitudinal and horizontal manner, and he Liu Biao has neither money nor soldiers except for a letter of appointment of "Jingzhou Assassination History", and there is no network resource in the local area, can he stand on his own feet?
Liu Biaoneng, Liu Biao's ability was outstanding, and he quickly colluded with the people of Yanzhong Lu County, Such as Ku Liang, Ku Yue, and Cai Mao of Xiangyang, to booby-trap and kill fifty-five zong thieves and persuade The Jiangxia thieves Zhang Hu and Chen Sheng, who were guarding Xiangyang.
This killing streak is too powerful.
Many of the lawless county magistrates of Jingzhou heard of Liu Biaowei's name and untied their seals and fled.
Next, Liu Biao took another clever move, he changed the Eastern Han Dynasty Jingzhou Assassin History has always been stationed in The Festival of Wuling,took Xiangyang as a base, built a city to train troops, and constantly expanded his power, and finally took charge of the eight counties of Jingzhou, the south of the five collars, the north of Hanchuan, the place of thousands of miles, with more than 100,000 armor.
In the third year of Chuping (192), Dong Zhuo was killed, and the rest of Li Dai and Guo Feng entered Chang'an. In October, Liu Biao sent emissaries to the imperial court to pay tribute, and Li Dai sent the Yellow Gate Attendant Zhong Xuan to pay tribute to Liu Biao as the general of Zhennan and the pastor of Jingzhou, and was made the Marquis of Wu, allowing the establishment of Changshi, Sima and Zhonglang, with the power to open the capital and summon subordinates, with the same etiquette as the Three Dukes; he also sent Zuo Zhonglang to grant him a false festival and supervise the military affairs of the three prefectures of Yang, Yang, and Yi.
This year, Liu Biao was just 50 years old.
After that, until the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Liu Biao's illness and death, Jingzhou under Liu Biao's rule maintained a rare peaceful situation in the chaotic era at the end of the Han Dynasty, the local people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the northern people constantly avoided chaos to vote, for a time, talents flourished, among which Xun You, Jia Xu, Fan Qin, Shi Tao, Meng Jian, Du Qi, Wang Yue, Pei Qian, Du Xian and others all came to Jingzhou during this period.
It is worth saying that Liu Biao held official studies on a large scale, appointed famous scholars Song Zhong, Sima Hui and others to teach, and there were hundreds of disciples, Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, Xu Shu, Wang Su, Yin Mo, and so on all studied in Jingzhou Official Studies, and the Jingzhou School flourished.
Liu Biaowenzhi is like this, and his martial arts are also very good.
In the second year of Chuping (191), Yuan Shu and Sun Jian invaded Jingzhou, and Liu Biao organized a counterattack, shooting Sun Jian and forcing Yuan and Sun to retreat. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Emperor Xian of Han moved east to Luoyang, Dong Zhuo's remnant Zhang Ji fled Nanyang from Guanzhong, and attacked the city of Yongcheng in Nanyang County because of the lack of grain, Liu Biao not only killed Zhang Ji, but also formed an alliance with his nephew Zhang Xiu, making him a vassal force in the north and defending himself against Cao Cao.
In the third year of Jian'an (198), Changsha Taishou Zhang Xian led a rebellion in the three counties of Lingling and Guiyang, and Liu Biao sent troops to attack and finally successfully quelled.
Liu Biao's Wenzhi martial arts are very good, why did he become a "talker"?
Wang Yue, a famous scholar who had avoided chaos in Jingzhou, said: "Those who avoid chaos in Jingzhou are all Junjieye in the sea; the table does not know what to do, so the country is in danger and has no help." ”
It should be said that Wang Cang's view is one-sided.
Liu Biao was not unable to adopt the famous scholar Junjie, originally, he himself was also a famous scholar Junjie, and he also took Han Song, Xiang Lang, Huo Jun, Huang Zhong, Gan Ning, Wen Ping, Li Yan, Fu Xun and other famous scholars and Junjie for his own use.
So, what is the root cause of Liu Biao's degeneration into a "talker"?
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Volume I, Wei Shuyi, and Emperor Wu's Chronicle I, Cao Cao once boasted and said smugly: "When I attacked Lü Bu, I did not watch Kou, and the Battle of Guandu did not save Yuan Shao. ”
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Volume 10, Wei Shu 10, Xun Yu Xun You Jia Shi Biography Tenth, Records Cao Cao's strategist Jia Xu also commented on Liu Biao: "There is no incident, there is no doubt, there is no decision, and there is nothing to do." ”
That is, although Liu Biao has the ability, he does not think of making progress, has no great ambition, and only knows that he refuses to attack and is also a "self-defending thief".
On the face of it, it is.
But is Liu Biao really not thinking of making progress and has no ambition to plot four directions?
If not, how did he sit firmly in Jingzhou?
The actual situation is that Liu Biao does not think of making progress, but has more than enough heart and is not able to catch it.
Where did this come from?
Originally, Liu Biao's apparent enormity was actually based on the support of the local family of The Hao clan in Jingzhou.
As mentioned earlier, Liu Biao came to Jingzhou alone, and the reason why he was able to take over Jingzhou was mainly because he colluded with the Jingxiang clans of Pu Yue and Cai Mao.
Liu Biao's method of collusion is actually very simple: political marriage.
The "Xiangyang Qi Old Biography" says: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhu Cai was the most prosperous, Cai Satirized sister Zhang Wen, the eldest daughter was Huang Chengyan's wife, the younger daughter was Liu Jingsheng's wife, and Mao's sister was also." ”
By colluding with these Jingxiang clans, Liu Biao had the capital to pacify Jingzhou.
For these Jingxianghao clans, because Liu Biao pacified Jingzhou, many of them also became high-ranking officials and controlled the military and political power of Jingzhou, and their power was further developed and expanded.
Therefore, the cooperation between Liu Biao and the JingxiangHao clan in Jingzhou is a win-win situation.
However, it must be noted that Liu Biao does not have his own team, and the right to speak is still in the hands of the Jingxianghao clan.
Only when Liu Biao's interests are tied to the interests of the JingxiangHao clan can things go smoothly; once Liu Biao's interests are inconsistent with the interests of the Jingxianghao clan, Liu Biao will find it difficult to move forward.
Then, it is not difficult to understand why Liu Biao can govern Jingzhou in an orderly manner, can defeat and repel the external invasion forces, and can eliminate the internal turmoil, but cannot go out to compete for hegemony.
The reason is clear: jingzhou's peace, stability, prosperity and development are beneficial to Liu Biao and the Jingxianghao clan; if they go out to fight for hegemony, if they win the war, Liu Biao will sit on the throne, eventually get out of control, and even in turn override themselves, which is what the Jingxianghao clan does not want to see. And once defeated, the loss of military strength and financial resources is actually borne by themselves, and they will in vain invite the disaster of innocence, which is even more unwilling to see.
It is this delicate constraint that limits Liu Biao's possibility of making progress outwards, and eventually becomes a "talker" and a "self-defending thief".
Speaking of this, some people will wonder: Liu Biao has become a "talker" and a "self-guarding thief", and those Jingxianghao clans have not also become "talkers" and "self-guarding thieves"? How can they be willing?
In fact, all along, those Jingxianghao clans have been acting as "talkers" and "self-guarding thieves", and there is no problem of being willing to be unwilling.
Whether it was Wang Rui, Sun Jian, Yuan Shu, Liu Biao, or Cao Cao who came to control Jingzhou, as long as they could retain their family's vested interests in the local area, who would support whom.
This has also been proven.
When Cao Cao's army marched south with great momentum, they did not hesitate too much and directly carried Liu Biao's son Liu Chun on the road of surrender.
As a result, more than a dozen people of the Jingxianghao clan were enfeoffed by Cao Cao, and only Liu Biao's family was unlucky--"the heirs were upside down and the society was overthrown."
"The New Language of the World" records: During huanwen's northern expedition, he used to compare liu biao to a big cow weighing more than a thousand catties, saying that this cow ate more than ten times more hay than ordinary cows, and the work that could be done was not as good as that of a thin cow.
Yes, Liu Biao is such a cow, huge in size, but very limited in strength.
In the chaotic world of strength, he can do this job, very cattle.