Author: Our special guest author Nine Fish Pavilion
"The Jade Festival is deeply obstructed, and the horse's head is drunk with wine to lay the foundation for the forest." Zi Xingbi is as heavy as a leaf, and the day should come to Mu Lin's heart. This is a seven-sentence poem made by Fan Chengda on the way to the Golden State. Fan Chengda shouldered an important mission to send an envoy to the Jin Kingdom, possibly nine deaths, and traveled to Lin Xiangru's tomb, thinking of the scene of Lin Xiangru holding Bi into Qin, determined to follow suit, and vowed to die to complete the mission.
Fan Chengda, Zi Zhi Neng, Shaoxing Twenty-four Years Jinshi. As a witness to the Song-Jin War, the Shaoxing Peace Conference, and the Longxing Peace Conference, Fan Chengda had a deep understanding of the hatred of the country and the family.
After Yan Liang's southern invasion failed and was killed on the way, Yan Yong usurped the throne and became the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, Zhao Shuo abdicated and became emperor taishang, and Emperor Xiaozong of Song succeeded to the throne. Unlike Zhao, Song Xiaozong was aggressive and committed to restoring his homeland, and soon the Southern Song Dynasty launched a war against Jin.
The Northern Expedition was personally commanded by zhang Jun, a privy councillor, and the main generals Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan had a total strength of 80,000 troops in the Northern Expedition. The Northern Expedition was correct, but the timing was not right, the generals were not in harmony, and Zhang Jun was ill-prepared, and the Song army was defeated at Fu.
In fact, at this time, both The Song and Jin dynasties were already at the end of their strong crossbows, and Song Xiaozong Zhao Xuan wanted to recover the lost land, but the national strength was no longer allowed. Yan Yong was also a very rational emperor, so in the second year of Longxing (1164 AD), the two sides reached a peace agreement. Zhao Xiao did not want to negotiate peace, but was forced to be helpless, of course, for the dignity of the country, the Southern Song Dynasty still won a hand, and Yan Yong also took a step back.
Originally, the Jin Kingdom was the king, the Southern Song Dynasty was the subject, this time it was changed to the Jin State as the uncle, the Southern Song Dynasty as the nephew, the superficial article seems to be nothing, the fact is related to the dignity of the country, but this is no longer the distinction between the monarch and the subject, it is also considered progress. Originally, the "year tribute" given to the Jin Dynasty by the Southern Song Dynasty was changed to "year coin", and the original 250,000 taels was changed to 200,000 taels, less than 50,000 taels. The Southern Song Dynasty ceded Shangzhou and Qinzhou to the Jin Dynasty.
Although this was still an unequal treaty that greatly embarrassed Zhao Xi, it was already the best result, which was because Yan Yong was in power, otherwise it would be impossible to agree according to the bandit habits of the Jin Dynasty.
The content of the treaty was improved, and the ceremony of the Golden Envoy's visit did not change, "Where the Golden Messenger arrives, he holds the book and ascends to the temple, kneels before the north tower, and the emperor descends to receive the book to grant the internal servant." "In the face of the emissaries of the Jin Dynasty, the Emperor of the Song Dynasty had to condescend to the lower hall, which was a great insult to Zhao Xiao.
In addition, the imperial tombs of the ancestors are in Kaifeng, the imperial court is in Lin'an, this tradition of sacrificing ancestors cannot be changed, in order to worship the ancestors, Zhao Xi hopes to take back Kaifeng and other places, so that he can go to the mausoleum to sacrifice. This matter is actually very embarrassing, the ancestral mausoleum is occupied by the enemy, if you want to go back to worship, you have to hope to reclaim the original territory, whether successful or not, you can only try it.
Soon Zhao Xi ordered the recruitment of emissaries to negotiate in the Jin Kingdom, if the emissaries just went to say hello and send a gift, this was very easy to do, but this time the task was special, the Southern Song Dynasty had to ask for something from the original suzerainty Jinguo, which was unprecedented.
Prime Minister Yu Yunwen recommended two people, one named Li Tao and the other fan Chengda. Li Tao was a well-known historian and the author of the "Continuation of the Zhizhi Tong Jianchang Edition", without which the study of Song history might have been in trouble. Li Tao was very knowledgeable, but his courage was very small, and when he heard that he wanted to be an emissary to the Kingdom of Jin, he panicked: "In the future, Jin will not obey, and if he does not obey, he will fight with death. ”
Fear of death is a common sentiment of people, and moreover, this trip to the JinGuo is full of dangers, and there is nothing to be harsh on Li Tao. Since Li Tao did not dare to go, he could only send Fan Chengda, and Fan Chengda replied indignantly: "After the minister has been established, he will not pay it back!" "Only those who are willing to be martyred have the courage to do so, after all, the Golden Kingdom is a relatively barbaric country, and things like killing emissaries are more common."
The state letter that Fan Chengda took only wrote about the relevant matters of asking for the emperor's mausoleum, but did not write the matter of the etiquette of the state book, and the etiquette of changing the state book was zhao Xi who told Fan Chengda in person, which was a bit of a feeling of digging a pit. The national letter is not written, then it can only be mentioned in person, which will undoubtedly make Fan Chengda fall into crisis, Fan Chengda did not hesitate, still accepted the task.
Arriving at Yanshan, Fan Chengda secretly wrote another state letter himself, and wrote down the matter of revising the etiquette of the state book. In the face of the Jin ministers and the emperor, Fan Chengda was not humble and unassuming, and his words were impassioned. After Yan Yong listened very carefully, Fan Chengda suddenly said loudly: "Since the two countries have agreed on the relationship between uncles and nephews, they should change the etiquette of receiving books. ”
Immediately Fan Chengda took out the prepared national certificate and directly presented it to Yan Yong. Yan Yong was furious: "Is this the place where the book is dedicated?" Under Fan Chengda's "rude move", there was a clamor above the hall, and many people directly demanded that Fan Chengda be killed. Fan Chengda was not moved, still kneeling in place, bound to hand over the state book to Yan Yong.
It didn't matter whether Yan Yong read the national book or not, he was facing a Song Dynasty emissary who provoked the Jin Kingdom. In the eyes of the Jin people, the Song Dynasty has always been weak and cowardly, and during the reign of Zhao Shuo, this was an indisputable fact, but Fan Chengda broke all this and gave the Jin Kingdom a downward spiral.
If Fan Chengda was almost certain to die before Yan Yong succeeded to the throne, whether facing the Liao State or the Song Dynasty, the Jin State was always on top, and they did not allow anyone to have the slightest disrespect for their leader, but this time Yan Yong did not have a seizure. This Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, known as "Xiao Yao Shun", actually let Fan Chengda go.
Historical records record that "to become a great master, he will want to reach the book, and then return to the library." The Golden Prince wanted to kill Chengda, or dissuade him. ”
Yan Yong was very leaderly, and did not embarrass the emissaries of the Song Dynasty, which was based on the overall situation, the Jin Kingdom had suffered a lot of losses in successive years of wars, and it was in urgent need of time to recuperate and restore strength, if it was only for a messenger to tear up the face is not worth it. Moreover, Yan Yong also knew the changes of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Song Xiaozong was obviously much tougher after succeeding to the throne, and the Longxing Northern Expedition was an example.
In the end, Fan Chengda did not get any results, for the land issue, the Jin State must not give in, Kaifeng and other places can not be so easy to give to the Southern Song Dynasty. There was no reply to the etiquette of the State Book, and Yan Yong only promised to help remove the Imperial Tomb in Kaifeng.
In fact, the Longxing Peace Conference was fortunate for the people of Song and Jin dynasties, and in the forty years after that, they were given precious time of peace and temporarily bid farewell to the war-torn years.
Fan Chengda completed the mission and returned to China safely, although this move did not benefit the Southern Song Dynasty, but it also preserved the dignity of the Southern Dynasty and also impressed the Jin people.
References: "Continuation of the Zizhi Tongjian Volume 142 Song Ji 142", "Song Shi Liechuan 145", "Song Shi Liechuan 21st"
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