Wang Weiguang: The Chinese civilization is an open system formed through continuous exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations, which is stable and far-reaching in the process of inheritance and development, and has revolutionized the past and the new in the process of learning and learning
Cadre Digest
★★★★★
On July 6, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his keynote speech at the summit of the Communist Party of China and the leaders of the world's political parties: "Over the past 100 years, the Communist Party of China has adhered to the common destiny of the people of Chinese and the people of all countries in the world, grasped the direction of China's development in the overall situation of the world and the trend of the times, and promoted the common development and prosperity of all countries. "The Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people to carry out a century-long struggle, creating great achievements in the new-democratic revolution, creating great achievements in socialist revolution and construction, creating great achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, and creating great achievements in socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. From standing up and getting rich to becoming strong, China has become the world's second largest economy and is getting closer and closer to the center of the world stage; this is not only the chinese communists' insistence on integrating Marxism with China's reality, finding a path of revolution and development with Chinese characteristics, and realizing the great victory of Marxism and the sinification of Marxism in China, but also the chinese communists based on the historical accumulation of exchanges and mutual learning between the Chinese nation and world civilization, insisting on never being closed and never rigid, and absorbing the strengths of world civilization. The immortal fruits of the powerful power of Chinese civilization. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China: "Over the past hundred years, the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people to write the most magnificent epic in the history of the Chinese nation for thousands of years with the fearless spirit of 'sacrificing more ambitions and daring to teach the sun and the moon for a new day'. The great road, the great cause created, and the great achievements made in the past hundred years will surely be recorded in the annals of the development of the Chinese nation and the history of the development of human civilization! ”
The avenue is not alone, the world is one
The Chinese nation has always emphasized "one family under the heavens". Chinese have long understood the principle of "harmony and difference". Zuo Qiuming, who lived 2500 years ago, recorded Yanzi's theory of "harmony" and "sameness" in the "Zuo Biography", and clarified the truth that "the beauty of the soup lies in the unity of differences". The ancients emphasized "benevolence and good neighborliness", opposed "taking neighbors as enemies", and got along with neighboring countries with the principle of benevolence and friendship. The ancients also emphasized "Harmony and Ten Thousand Nations", and the Book of Shang said: "Keming Junde, to be pro-nine tribes; the nine ethnic groups are harmonious, pingzhang people; the people are clear, and the union is all nations." "It advocates starting from family harmony to social harmony and even harmony between different states. If we work together with one heart and one mind, then the family and the country will be peaceful, and the people will be close to each other, so as to achieve the great society of "people do not kiss their relatives alone, do not have only sons and sons", "make the old have an end, be strong and useful, have a young age, and the widows, lonely, and the sick have something to support", and realize the social ideal of "the world is just".
The journey of the great avenue, the world is just; the world is the same, the harmony of all nations; harmony and difference, harmony is precious... These ideological achievements of China's excellent traditional culture have been passed down to the present day with the evolution of history and the continuation of civilization. "Let the flame of peace be passed on from generation to generation, let the impetus for development continue to flow, and let the light of civilization shine brightly, which is the expectation of the people of all countries, and it is also the responsibility of our generation of politicians." On the basis of clarifying the theme of the times, gaining insight into the development trend of the world, and grasping the law of human social development, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the great concept of "building a community of human destiny", and pointed out: "The community of human destiny, as the name suggests, is that the future and destiny of every nation and every country are closely linked, and we should be in the same boat with wind and rain, share honor and disgrace, and strive to build the planet we were born in and grew up in Sri Lanka into a harmonious big family, and turn the yearning of the people of all countries in the world for a better life into reality." ”
In today's world, human beings live in a world composed of different cultures, races, colors, religions and different social systems, and the peoples of all countries have formed a community of common destiny in which you have me and I have you. In the face of the complex situation of the world economy and global problems, no country can be left alone. The idea of a community with a shared future for mankind resolves human anxieties and worries with peace, development, cooperation and win-win results, points out the way forward for the world, contributes value concepts and governance ideas to global governance, embodies China's historical consciousness and responsibility for the future and destiny of mankind, and china's clear proposition that china has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of international order. To build a community with a shared future for mankind, China is an advocate and also adheres to being a practitioner, promoter and leader. "On the new journey, we must hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation and win-win results, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, adhere to the path of peaceful development, promote the construction of a new type of international relations, promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, promote the high-quality development of the 'Belt and Road', and provide new opportunities for the world with China's new development." The Communist Party of China will continue to work with all peace-loving countries and peoples to carry forward the common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom for all mankind, persist in cooperation, refrain from confrontation, persist in opening up and closure, persist in mutual benefit and win-win results, and do not engage in zero-sum games, oppose hegemonism and power politics, and push the wheel of history toward the bright goal! ”
The beauty of beauty, beauty and beauty
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "civilizations exchange because of diversity, learn from each other because of exchanges, and develop because of mutual learning." "The history of human cultural exchanges over thousands of years has not only promoted Europe and the West to enter a new modern civilization, but also opened up the process of modern civilization in Asia and China.
More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Silk Road through Asia and Europe built an important bridge for friendly exchanges and civilizational exchanges between the East and the West. Zhang Qian of the Western Han Dynasty sent two missions to the Western Regions in 138 BC and 119 BC, spreading Chinese culture to the Western Regions, introducing grapes, alfalfa, pomegranates, flax, sesame and other crops. During the Western Han Dynasty, The Chinese fleet reached India and Sri Lanka and exchanged silk for local glass, pearls and other items, leaving a mark of mutually beneficial cooperation.
From the 9th to the 10th century AD, the Arab "Centennial Translation Movement" absorbed the achievements of Asian countries, including China, in philosophy, mathematics, medicine, literature and politics, and made far-reaching historical contributions to Europe's liberation from the dark rule of medieval theology, the opening of the Renaissance movement, and the entry into modern civilization.
After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the four major inventions of Papermaking, Printing, Gunpowder, and the Compass in China and other scientific and technological and cultural achievements played an important role in promoting the emergence and development of modern industrial and commercial civilization and capitalist civilization in Europe and the West. Marx called the spread and application of China's four great inventions in Europe "omens" of the "arrival of bourgeois society."
At the beginning of the 15th century, Zheng He, a famous navigator of the Ming Dynasty, made seven ocean voyages to many countries in Southeast Asia and reached Kenya on the east coast of Africa, leaving behind a good story of friendly exchanges between China and the people of various countries along the way.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, China and Europe set off an extensive and in-depth cultural exchange. With the active participation and promotion of Xu Guangqi, Li Zhizao, Yang Tingjun, Wang Zheng, etc. in China and famous scholars such as Matteo Ricci, Leibniz, Voltaire, Holbach, quesnai and other famous scholars in Europe, an interactive situation of the transmission of the west from the west and the west to the east of the middle school has been formed, and a new realm of mutual learning and complementarity between the middle school and the west has been reached.
For more than 2,000 years, China has continuously absorbed the strengths of foreign civilizations and has continuously contributed its own civilization achievements to the world. The four major inventions of Chinese papermaking, gunpowder, printing and compass led to world changes and promoted the European Renaissance. Chinese philosophy, literature, medicine, silk, porcelain, tea, etc. were introduced to the West and infiltrated into the daily lives of Western people. Chinese philosophical thought and people-oriented concepts have a far-reaching influence in the world and have effectively promoted the development process of human civilization.
In the 100 years since its founding, the Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people, based on its own national conditions and practice, drawn wisdom from Chinese civilization, absorbed the strengths of various families in the East and the West, adhered to but did not rigidize, learned from but did not copy, and formed its own development path in the course of continuous exploration, which is a new-democratic revolutionary road for striving for national independence and the liberation of the people, a road of socialist revolution and construction that puts the interests of the people in the first place, a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics that reform and innovation, and a road of seeking common development in the course of opening up. China has brushed out a brilliant Chinese red in the red of world civilization. We have insisted on absorbing and drawing on the beneficial achievements of human civilization, from the introduction of new cultural movements, Marxism and socialist ideas into China, to the all-round opening up since the reform and opening up, and promoting the enduring renewal of Chinese civilization in the midst of eclecticism. We have adhered to and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics, promoted the coordinated development of material, political, spiritual, social and ecological civilizations, created a new path of Chinese-style modernization, and created a new form of human civilization. We adhere to the combination of cultural autonomy and respect for the world's cultural diversity, and while fully demonstrating the independence and autonomy of our cultural values, we strive to maintain the diversity of world cultures and promote the harmony and common prosperity of human civilization.
Respect pluralism and oppose hegemony
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Human beings only have the difference between skin color and language, and civilization only has the difference between purple and red, but there is no distinction between high and low." "Diversity is a fundamental feature of the world and the charm of human civilization. Not acknowledging or respecting the diversity of civilizations and attempting to dominate the world with one civilization or several civilizations runs counter to the law of civilization development and the trend of world development. In the middle of the 20th century, the advanced capitalist countries of the West, led by the United States, pursued a strategy of "cultural expansion" in an attempt to perpetuate imperialist global domination in an economic, political and cultural way in a more covert and deceptive way. When proposing the concept of "cultural imperialism", the American scholar Herbert Schiller pointed out that the United States, as the control center of the flow of information and cultural products, dominates the information channels in the periphery through the command of capital, and the "free flow of information" is precisely as a mysterious discourse that masks the essence of domination. After the end of the Cold War, "cultural imperialism" once became a fading discourse, but this did not prevent it from being "resurrected" in a new guise.
In the 21st century, under the superposition of the triple effect of the knowledge economy, economic globalization and information technology revolution, the United States, by virtue of its monopoly on culture and media, the Internet and information resources, dominates the international discourse power, and through the commercialization and market-oriented operation of mass culture, it has carried out "cultural colonization" and "cultural hegemony" in the world, causing great damage to the world's cultural diversity ecology.
Through the monopoly of the dollar and intellectual property, an unequal international division of labor and a polarized global economy and wealth distribution are formed. Uge Pagallo called 21st century capitalism "knowledge monopoly capitalism", and its core feature is to seize high monopoly profits from developing countries, plunder social wealth, restrict or even stifle scientific and technological innovation in developing countries, and ultimately curb the development and even survival of developing countries through monopoly on knowledge in a global or certain region, including patent monopoly, copyright monopoly, heritage monopoly, trade secret monopoly, plant gene development monopoly, etc.
Through the monopoly of global information resources and the structural contradictions of the imbalance in the international information order, we will build "media imperialism" and "information imperialism". The following new problems emerge in the ecology of new communication technologies: developed online social platforms exacerbate intercultural distrust and incomprehension; "digital capitalism" leads to data ethics and related social problems; and "digital divide" gives rise to the "circle" privilege of knowledge and information resources. This kind of network cultural hegemony is a data-based expression of capitalist colonial logic, and its essence is to use the "black box" of communication technology to deduce platform neutrality and technological neutrality into a "myth" that can cover up the logic of capital and invade the sovereignty of network countries.
Through the monopoly of the world's cultural industry system, cultural capitalization brings about bloody "deprivation accumulation" of culture, and promotes cultural "enclosure movement" and "Coca-Cola colonialism". The "freedom of choice" of commercialized and market-oriented cultural products and services brings about the "obscuration of true freedom" of the individual: Hollywood films implant de-historicized personal heroism into the brains of world audiences to satisfy people's visual desires; commercial advertising brings the carnival of consumerism to the world, exporting values and homogenization needs of commodities; Western media set the agenda of global news and broadcast so-called "objective" reports, while non-Western, non-capitalist voices from the bottom of society are obscured. In the unthinking standardized and homogeneous way of life, people subtly accept the "American democratic culture".
Through the monopoly of international discourse power, ideological and value exports are carried out, threatening the cultural identity and cultural sovereignty of other countries and nationalities. The developed capitalist powers in the West mainly establish discourse hegemony or cultural hegemony through media hegemony, discourse control, ideology, colonial culture, etc. Through the powerful power of the media, Western culture first formed a discourse control with absolute superiority in international exchanges. The discursive hegemony of Western capitalism cuts off the roots of the cultural traditions of weak countries, making a deep rupture between tradition and modernity, creating a large number of homeless "cultural refugees" and rootless peoples.
It can be seen that the new type of imperialism has triggered a multicultural crisis: the ecological environment of the diversity of world civilizations has been destroyed, the cultural identity and cultural sovereignty of various nation-states have been threatened, and the overall development process of human spiritual civilization has been hindered. The developing countries of the whole world should unite to resist the cultural aggression and infiltration of the countries with strong capitalist culture.
Exchange and mutual learning, symbiosis and progress
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important expositions on promoting the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations from the perspective of promoting the progress of human civilization, the peaceful development of the world, and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, providing a Chinese solution and contributing Chinese wisdom to deepen the exchange and mutual learning among civilizations, excavating the forward momentum of different countries and nationalities towards a community of common destiny from the perspective of civilization, showing a profound grasp of the general trend of the development of human civilization, and demonstrating the responsibility of a big country committed to human development and progress. It has gathered new consensus and opened up a new path for world peace, development and progress.
A history of human development is a history of the coexistence and progress of multiple civilizations, and the interplay of different civilizations has composed a vivid picture of the development and progress of human civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Civilization is colorful, and human civilization has the value of exchanges and mutual learning because of diversity. "Civilization is equal, and human civilization has the premise of exchange and mutual learning because of equality." "Civilization is inclusive, and human civilization has the impetus for exchanges and mutual learning because of tolerance." These important expositions are based on an in-depth investigation of the inherent characteristics of civilizations and their laws of exchange and mutual learning, reveal the essence of exchanges and mutual learning as the development of civilizations, clarify the correct attitudes and principles that need to be upheld to promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, and thus issue the "China Proposition" for promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations: adhere to mutual respect and equal treatment; adhere to the beauty of beauty, beauty and commonality; adhere to openness, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual learning; and persist in advancing with the times and innovating and developing. These "four insistences" of opposing self-congratulation with a hundred flowers blooming, breaking down barriers to exchanges with eclecticism, and eliminating closure and rigidity with the times are the way for human civilization to get along in parallel and in harmony and symbiosis, and are also an inevitable choice for human civilization to pass on the torch and maintain its vitality forever.
At present, the century-old changes and the century epidemic are intertwined and superimposed, the world has entered a period of turbulent change, instability and uncertainty have increased significantly, and the fates of peoples of all countries are closely linked in this era full of hopes and challenges. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To cope with common challenges and move towards a better future, we need both economic and technological strength and cultural civilization strength. The question of "where is human society going" needs to be answered in the thinking of "where is human civilization going", and to build a better future for human development, we must consolidate the humanistic foundation for jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind. Only by establishing a civilization concept of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and tolerance can we jointly eliminate cultural barriers in real life, jointly resist the conceptual barriers that hinder the interaction between human hearts, jointly break the spiritual barriers that hinder human exchanges, fully respect and safeguard the social system and development path to which the soul of civilization is attached, effectively break the ideological shackles of closed exclusivity, solipsism, conflict and confrontation, and self-sufficiency, and extensively gather consensus on multilateralism, and contribute to reforming and improving the global governance system and achieving sustainable human development. Therefore, the concept of civilization advocated by China depicts a beautiful picture of the prosperity and prosperity of human civilization, a beautiful future for building a community with a shared future for mankind, and a vivid embodiment of the "culture" and "world view" in Chinese civilization.
The Chinese civilization is an open system formed through continuous exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations, which is stable and far-reaching in the process of inheritance and development, and is a rich nourishment for the Chinese nation to live endlessly and develop and grow, and it is also a strong foundation for the party and the state to firmly self-confidence and profoundly grasp the future and destiny. As General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "The Chinese nation has a splendid civilization formed in the evolution of more than 5,000 years of history, the Communist Party of China has a century of struggle practice and more than 70 years of experience in ruling and rejuvenating the country, we actively learn from all the beneficial achievements of human civilization, welcome all useful suggestions and well-intentioned criticism, but we will never accept the 'teacher's grandfather' like a commanding preaching!" The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people will stride forward on the road they have chosen and firmly hold the fate of China's development and progress in their own hands! "Today's China is not only the China of China, but also the China of Asia and the China of the world. The process of China's continuous march to the center of the world stage will certainly be the process of Chinese civilization embracing the world with a more open attitude, and will continue to contribute to world peace and tranquility, as always, to the common development of the world, and to the exchange and mutual learning of world civilizations.
[Wang Weiguang: Former President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]
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Editor-in-charge: Liu Xingyue; Preliminary Review: Cheng Ziqian; Review: Li Yufan