The Surging News reporter Yang Yang intern Liu Hang
"The utilization of underground space is of great significance to the improvement of the overall resource utilization efficiency of the land, and the new city is the most qualified for the overall development of the underground." Liu Yi, deputy chief engineer of Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shanghai Municipal General Institute) and president of Urban Transportation and Underground Space Design and Research Institute, recently looked forward to the 8th China (Shanghai) Underground Space Development Conference.
In Shanghai's 14th Five-Year Plan and long-term goals for 2035, there is a detailed discussion on accelerating the optimization of the urban spatial pattern: focusing on integration into the new development pattern, and accelerating the formation of a new spatial pattern of "central radiation, two wings flying together, new city power, and north-south transformation".
Among them, the "new city power" means that the five new cities such as Jiading, Qingpu, Songjiang, Fengxian and Nanhui should follow the requirements of "industry-city integration, complete functions, balanced work and housing, ecological livability, and convenient transportation" and the positioning of independent comprehensive node cities, use the most modern concepts, gather and allocate more high-quality resources such as education, medical care, and culture, build a high-quality and first-class comprehensive environment, and strive to build Shanghai's future strategic development space and important growth poles, so as to better play a radiation and leading role in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.
So in the construction of the five new cities, what role should the underground space play? On the eve of the meeting, Liu Yi accepted an exclusive interview with the surging news and put forward some insights on the development and utilization of underground space in the five new cities of Shanghai. He said that the underground space of the new city can form a large whole, which is conducive to the overall development. At the same time, the development of underground space should also match the needs of the aboveground and the needs of the entire city. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the utilization of the underground space of the new city according to the positioning of the long-term new city.
Founded in 1954, Shanghai Municipal General Hospital is engaged in the whole process of planning, engineering design and consulting, engineering construction general contracting and project management, and its comprehensive strength ranks among the forefront of domestic counterparts. Liu Yi is in charge of the comprehensive transportation and underground space disciplines of the General Institute, and has conducted in-depth research on underground space, comprehensive hubs and smart cities.
Liu Yi also suggested that the new city should be developed sustainably, and the underground space should be used sustainably and even flexibly. "As the stage of development changes, so does our need for underground space resources. In the near future, parking may be the main configuration, but in the long term, after the gradual development of rail transit, we can reduce the parking space and use it as a slow space and commercial space. This change in elasticity needs to be considered comprehensively. ”
The following is a transcript of the interview:
The Paper: At present, the total amount of underground space in Shanghai exceeds 100 million square meters, and the annual development increment is about 10 million square meters, almost all in the middle and shallow layers. Especially corridor-type resources, Shanghai is very limited and needs to be carefully developed. In the construction of the five new cities, Shanghai has particularly emphasized the need to "strengthen the overall utilization and overall development of underground space and aboveground space".
Liu Yi: First, the middle and shallow space has the greatest value and the lowest development cost in the underground space. In this case, everyone will compete for the resources of the middle and shallow layers, resulting in the current middle and shallow underground space in the main urban area of Shanghai is basically used. When we later see more valuable features and want to put them in the middle and shallow layers, we find that there is no place anymore.
This provides us with an experience: underground space needs to be more rationally planned and used in an orderly manner in the long run.
"Strengthening the overall utilization and overall development of underground space and aboveground space" is also what we advocate, why? We don't develop underground for the sake of developing the underground. Underground space is a supplement to the entire urban space, the development of underground space to some extent is to better play the value of aboveground space, simply do underground space is often meaningless. Therefore, the underground space must consider the needs of the ground, and the underground and underground must be comprehensively considered.
Second, the new city has a lot of vacant land, which creates conditions for the development of pieces, which is very suitable for overall development.
In fact, the overall development should also echo above and below ground. When the conditions for overall development are available on the ground, the underground space will be developed as a whole.
Shanghai has done a lot of good practice in this regard. For example, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, West Bund Media Port, and Lingang are now considering the overall development of underground space, which may be a number of independent buildings on the ground, and the underground is a whole.
Through the overall development, the systematization and connectivity of the underground space are stronger, and the space utilization efficiency is higher.
However, the overall development of underground space must also have a degree, and the scale of development of underground space cannot be placed in infinity. Once placed at infinity, when other facilities need space resources in the future, especially corridor space, they will lack space or be fragmented. Therefore, the overall development of the general underground space is still in several adjacent road grids, such as 4 plots, 9 plots, and then a little larger is more than 10 plots, and the overall development of the local area is carried out within the scope of the branch road to improve the utilization efficiency of the underground space.
Corridor resources are now a very valuable resource in Shanghai, and we have many facilities that need corridor space, such as subways, urban railways, expressways, and major municipal facilities that are linear. Therefore, when we plan the new city, we should reasonably control it, do not easily occupy the corridor space, and create conditions for future development.
The Paper: In the past, Shanghai's underground space was mainly concentrated in urban areas. The five new cities are very different, it is a jump from a "single-center" city to a "multi-center" and "networked" metropolitan area in Shanghai, what are the "same" and "different" between the underground space of the five new cities and the underground space of the previous urban area?
Liu Yi: To talk about the "same" and "different" of the underground space, we must first analyze the "same" and "different" of the new city and the central city, because the underground space will match the needs of the ground and the needs of the whole city, and the new city and the central city are very different.
First, the overall land use conditions of the new city are better, providing conditions for the development of pieces. It is difficult for central cities to find complete land for development in pieces. Therefore, the new city has more conditions to create a high-quality space as a whole.
Second, the base of the blue-green space of the new city is better than that of the old city. In the process of building a new city, how do we make the blue-green space into an ecological vitality space? This is where the competitiveness of the new city is highlighted.
Third, the development of the new city cannot be achieved overnight, although we have now made the 14th Five-Year Plan, but the real construction of the new city may take 10 years, 20 years or even longer. We want to develop new cities sustainably, sustainably and even flexibly, using underground space.
As the stage of development changes, so does our need for underground space resources. In the near future, parking may be the main one, but in the long run, after the gradual development of rail transit, we can reduce the parking space and use the original part of the underground space as a slow space and commercial space. This change in elasticity needs to be considered comprehensively.
Therefore, it is necessary to consider the differences in the construction of the new city, and consider the utilization of the underground space of the new city around the positioning of the entire new city in the long term.
The Paper: The comprehensive empowerment of the five new cities should be transported first, and does the urban area need to build more rail transit long express lines to connect the five new cities?
Liu Yi: The plan proposes that the five new cities should achieve 80% of public transportation, and public transportation and slow travel are the dominant modes of transportation for the new cities in the future. In the long run, public transportation with rail transit as the core must be the main transportation carrier of the new city.
Since the development of the new city has a gradual process, it may not be possible to build a large rail transit network in the near future.
However, the five new cities have at least one urban or intercity line and a hub station, which creates good conditions for the traffic of the new city. Of course, with the development of the new city, we will supplement other public transportation according to the relevant needs.
In the construction of the new city, I think that this kind of rail transit on the long express line is very important and necessary, because it plays a vital role in enhancing the core competitiveness of the new city and enhancing the competitiveness of the new city in the Yangtze River Delta. Only after the new city is conveniently connected to the high-speed rail network and intercity network of the Yangtze River Delta can it become an important stronghold for the cities around the Yangtze River Delta.
Therefore, I think this piece should not only consider the connection between the new city and the downtown long express, but also consider the connection between the new city and the Yangtze River Delta rapid transit network, high-speed rail network, and intercity network.
The Paper: According to the plan, by 2035, each of the five new cities will gather about 1 million permanent residents, and the capital will become a comprehensive node city with radiation and driving effect in the Yangtze River Delta region. What kind of underground space does a "comprehensive node city" with a population of 1 million need?
Liu Yi: 1 million is an estimate, and the five new cities in Shanghai have different characteristics and location conditions. Qingpu has a good blue-green space; Jiading and Songjiang are important strongholds on the Yangtze River Delta Economic Corridor; Fengxian is relatively south, and Lingang is mainly combined with the Lingang New Area. Their conditions are very different, so I don't think it's necessary to think about their underground space in the same way.
The use of underground space needs to be closely focused on the characteristics and needs of each new city. For example, when we study the planning of new cities, we advocate a model: let the new city rely on the hub to build its core. The construction of the new city and the hub station are firmly tied together to achieve "station city integration" or "station city integration".
Put the best quality elements, such as business functions, around the hub, and then connect any city in the Yangtze River Delta through the hub, including Hongqiao, downtown, etc. In this way, the business of the new city has a very strong competitiveness. To support the relatively high-intensity development of hub sites, then the underground space must be well utilized.
In other places, the use of underground space is relatively mainly to serve the aboveground, the function is limited, and there may not be too large-scale development.
Therefore, different locations, land use properties and development intensity will determine the different development functions and scales of underground space.
The Paper: After the World Expo, Shanghai's underground space is moving towards high-intensity comprehensive development. The city's underground resources, such as water resources and soil resources, are extremely valuable, how will the five new cities deal with the relationship between development and protection?
Liu Yi: Judging from the development of the past 20 years, we have become more and more aware of the importance of underground space resources. It has also been noted that the rational arrangement of underground space functions plays a vital role in enhancing the use value of land and shaping high-quality urban spaces.
I think there is a consensus on the use of underground space, and the key lies in how to use it in an orderly manner. In this regard, a long-term plan is needed first, and then implemented in phases according to the plan.
Due to the relatively large investment in the entire underground space, if we want to put it in place in one step, it is often difficult to exert the benefits of the construction invested in it for a long time. The more realistic way is to combine the rolling development of the land and gradually construct the underground space.
But we need an overall system planning, especially in vertical space, corridor space to have long-term planning, do a good job of control and blank space. In this way, the underground space will not become a bottleneck in urban development.
The Paper: How to take the lead in practicing the concept of smart city in the construction of underground space in the five new cities, seize the opportunity in urban digital transformation, and run the requirements of digital, intelligent and intelligent concepts through it?
Liu Yi: Digitalization, intelligence and intelligence are an important development direction for new infrastructure or urban infrastructure construction, and in the long run, they are also an inevitable choice for urban operation and maintenance.
Since the new city is more from the beginning of construction, it has created better conditions for the digital transformation of the city. When planning, we build a digital chassis and digital twin of urban infrastructure based on the CIM platform and the city-level digital platform, so that we can build a digital platform while planning, and update the data with higher precision after design and construction.
In the past, we developed and built a hardware facility, and now we hope to have a twin digital city at the same time. This is very beneficial to the long-term operation and maintenance of the city.
We can add dynamic data to the digital chassis with the operation and maintenance of the city, such as population, transportation, economic data, etc. This will have a good effect on the refined management of urban operation and maintenance.
In this regard, the new city is fully equipped to go ahead.
The Paper: The 14th Five-Year Plan and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035 put forward specific requirements for carbon neutrality. In your opinion, what important role can underground space construction play in reducing emissions?
Liu Yi: We are now very concerned about "carbon peak carbon neutrality". The country hopes to reach carbon peaks in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. Shanghai's requirements are more stringent, and the time to reach carbon peak is advanced to 2025.
If the new city is not fully considered in its construction, it may be outdated just after it is built.
The construction of the entire new city, including underground space, should now be considered in the concept of a low-carbon city. The use of underground space has a great role in building a low-carbon city.
For example, we can use the underground space to circulate some resources; we can also let the underground space form an energy-saving space, because the underground space itself is relatively closed, constant temperature and humidity; we can also do ground source heat pumps, centralized energy systems, the introduction of light guide technology, etc. These are all conducive to reducing energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions.
Therefore, when we plan and design, we must consider how to save carbon emissions in the future operation process.
Second, carbon emissions should be fully considered during the construction process. Low-carbon materials, low-carbon processes, such as prefabricated assemblies.
Therefore, these should be considered comprehensively, not only in the construction process, but also in the operation and management of the back.
The rational use of underground space will help achieve carbon peaking at an early date, and it will help to build the new city into a low-carbon city.
Editor-in-Charge: Zhang Jing
![Liu Yi: Between the mountains and the water[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)