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Today's Three Kingdoms idiom story is found in the 63rd episode of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which takes place during the Battle of Luocheng, with characters zhang ren, Wei Yan, and Liu Bei. The original text is as follows:
On the same day, Zhang Ren shot and killed Pang Tong, and the Han army was congested, unable to retreat, and most of the dead were killed. The former army flew to Wei Yan. Wei Yan was busy strangling his troops to return, and the Naishan Road was narrowed, and it was impossible to fight. He was cut off by Zhang Ren and shot with a strong bow and crossbow at Gaofu. Wei Yan was flustered. There were new Shu soldiers who said: "It is better to kill Ben Luo under the city and take the main road to advance." "Follow his words, when the road is first opened, kill Ben Luocheng." At the beginning of the dust, the front army killed Wu Lan and Lei Tongye, the defenders of Luocheng, and Zhang Ren led his troops to pursue: attacking back and forth, encircling Wei Yan in the heart. Wei Yan could not get out of the death battle. However, seeing that Wu Lan and Lei Tong were in chaos, the second general rushed back to his horse to save him.
Wei Yan took advantage of the situation and rushed to the front, and when he was the first general, he slapped his sword and shouted, "Chief Wen, Wu Te came to save Ru!" "See, it is the veteran Huang Zhongye." Attacked twice, killed wu and lei, and rushed straight to luocheng. Liu Zhan led the troops to kill, but Xuan De had to be in the back to meet him. Huang Zhong and Wei Yan turned over and returned. Xuande's army Ma Bi and ran to the village, and Zhang Ren's military horse was cut off from the path. Liu Xuan, Wu Lan, and Lei Tong arrived first. Xuan De could not defend Erzhai, and fought and walked, running back to Fuguan. The Shu soldiers were victorious and chased after them. The Xuande people are sleepy and tired, and there are hearts to fight, and they only care about running. Approaching Fuguan, Zhang Yi's army chased after him tightly. Fortunately, Liu Feng on the left and Guan Ping on the right, the second general intercepted the 30,000-strong army and killed Zhang Ren; he also drove twenty miles and recaptured a large number of warhorses.
According to the plot of the novel, after Zhang Song was killed, Liu Bei's relationship with Liu Zhang completely broke out, and Liu Bei began to attack Yizhou, which Liu Zhang occupied. At the beginning of the war, Liu Bei progressed smoothly, but when he entered Luocheng, he was met with stubborn resistance from the defender Zhang Ren. Not only was the military commander Pang Tong killed by random arrows, but Liu Bei himself was also under siege. Fortunately, at this time, Liu Feng and Guan Ping arrived in time to block Zhang Ren, which made Liu Bei turn the crisis into safety.
The idiom to be introduced in this article is the tragic situation after Tai Shi Ci was attacked by Zhang Ren, called "people are sleepy and tired", which means tired and sleepy people and horses, describing physical fatigue. This is also an idiom pioneered by Luo Guanzhong, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
This section of the Battle of Luocheng in the novel is real in history, but the course of the war is very different. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei attacked Luocheng, zhang ren led his troops to resist, and soon shot Pang Tong at Luofengpo. Zhuge Liang was then ordered to enter Yizhou, and the two armies met. After that, Zhuge Liang designed to capture Zhang Ren alive, and Zhang Renning died and was eventually killed. However, the truth of history is not so.
According to the relevant biography of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the Battle of Luocheng broke out in the eighteenth year of Emperor Jian'an (213 AD). Liu Bei's first success was the capture of Zhang Ren, a famous general in Yizhou. According to the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of the Ancestors", the "Old Miscellaneous Records of Yibu Qi" is quoted: "(Zhang Ren) retired and Zhangzi followed the guard of Luocheng. Ren Lebing came out of Yanqiao and was defeated. Poultry Ren. The first lord heard of Ren's loyalty and courage, and ordered the army to surrender, and Ren screamed: 'The old minister will never return to the second lord.' 'Kill him.' The Lord sighed. ”
In the ensuing battle, Zhuge Liang was ordered to lead Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and others into Yizhou, forming a two-way attack with Liu Bei, and the process of the yizhou scramble was accelerated. However, during this period, Liu Bei Group suffered heavy losses. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Pang Tong, in the nineteenth year of Emperor Jian'an (214 AD), Liu Bei's military master Pang Tong "led a crowd to attack the city (雒城), which was hit by Liu Ya and died, when Chinese New Year's Eve 6. This also means that Pang Tong's death was not at the hands of Zhang Ren as the novel says, because Zhang Ren had been killed a year earlier. Luocheng was also captured by Liu Bei shortly after. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of the Ancestors reads: "The First Lord marched into the siege of Luo, and Shi Zhangzi followed the defense of the city and was attacked for one year. It can be seen that the duration of the Battle of Luocheng was as long as one year.
Since Zhang Ren was killed shortly after Liu Bei's siege of the city, who was so tenacious that he could hold luocheng for a year? This person was Liu Xun, the son of Liu Zhang. Unfortunately, there are few records of Liu Xun, and they are only scattered in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Pei Songzhi's notes. According to these records, Liu Xun was the eldest son of Liu Zhang, and his wife was the daughter of Liu Zhang's subordinate, The Brazilian Taishou Pangxi. After the Battle of Yizhou broke out, Liu Xun was ordered to defend Luocheng and hold the city for more than a year, and finally surrendered with Liu Zhang. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Liu Ermu says: "The first lord dingshu, Xi was the left general Sima Shi, Zhangshi stayed from Xi Qi, and the first lord thought that he was a general in fengche." This means that Liu Xun was not sent to the public security with his father after the war, but stayed in Yizhou.
Reference Books: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of the Three Kingdoms