In the early morning of the sixth morning of the first month of February 1279, Zhang Hongfan led the Yuan army to attack violently, attacking from north to south, and launched a bloody battle on the surface of the yamen water, and finally the Song army was exhausted and the general trend was gone. Lu Xiufu ,楊昛昛夫," "was the first to let his wife go to sea", and then carried the 9-year-old Emperor Fu and the National Seal into the sea and martyred the country, and the Southern Song Dynasty died. Zhang Shijie led the rest of his troops (more than ten warships) to break through to the west, preparing to regroup and fight again, but due to a storm, he fell into the sea and died in Hailing Harbor (belonging to Yangjiang City). The "Tongjian Collection" records that in February, Zhang Hongfan and Song Zhang Shijie fought at Yashan Mountain. Shi Jie's army collapsed, and Lu Xiufu went to the sea to die under his main defender Wang Fu. Shi Jie regained his troops to Hailing Mountain, and the boat overturned and died. According to the "Xinhui County Chronicle": "Zhang Shijie and others crossed their toes (in Vietnam) boat to Binh Cheung Port on Hailing Island, encountered a hurricane and overturned the boat, and died at sea"
Battle of Yashan Sea
However, this tragic hatred of the subjugation of the country not only makes future generations issue a sad sigh when hanging, but also leaves speckled historical traces, making people fall in love, explore, think, and reminisce.
Where is the body of Zhang Shijie buried in the "Three Masters of the Song Dynasty"? In major historical books such as the History of Song Shiyuan, there is only a record of Zhang Shijie drowning in Pingzhangshan in Hailing, but there is no record of a burial place, and where Zhang Shijie's soul returned has become a cloud of doubt. Where is the tomb of Zhang Taifu? As a result, it has led to endless controversy.
When Huang Chun, a Xinhuiyi man, rebuilt the "Chronicle of Yashan Mountain" compiled by Zhang Xu during the Ming Dynasty, there were contradictory records of Zhang Shijie's tomb site: such as volume three Mausoleum Zhang Taifu Yun: "In Chikan Village, Chaojuli, Yangjiang County. After Shi Jie drowned, the generals burned him and buried his bones here. At the same time, he also said: "Huang Zuo (Ming) wrote the "Guangdong Tongzhi" and said that there was a Chikangang in Chaoju in Xiangshan County, and Zhang Taifu was in Yan. He also quoted the "Guangdong Tongzhi" as saying, "In the village of Chikan, one hundred and fifty miles southwest of Xiangshan County, Huangliangdu." He also said, "There is a suspicious tomb cloud in Pingzhang Mountain, Shouwendu, Yangjiang County."
Guangdong Tongzhi
The "Chronicle of Yangjiang County" says that in the second year of Ming Jiajing (1523), Luo Qiao, a native of Jiangxi, wrote "Records of zhang taifu ancestral hall" when he was stationed in Yangjiang, and the article said: "There is a tomb of Zhang Taifu Shijie in Yangjiang, in Chikan Village, Chaojuli, go to Yangjiang Seventy Lixu, and secretly go to Pingzhang Port. In the second year of Song Nandu Xiangxing, Taifu drowned, and the bones of the generals were buried here. Two hundred years later, for Ming Hongzhi's own death, Zhixian Huangyan Kechang, the first great seal of the tomb, and then built a shrine in front of the tomb. Please remember Mr. Chen Baisha , (Chen Baisha was a famous thinker, educator, calligrapher, and poet of the Ming Dynasty.) It is a native of the village of Shimomoto in the north of Xinhui City, Guifeng Mountain, and later generations are honored as "Mr. Baisha") and the promise was unsuccessful..."
That is to say, the tomb of Zhang Shijie in Yangjiang did not exist before the Ming Dynasty, and in the year of Hongzhi 200 years later, the county ordered Ke Chang to seal the tomb of Ke Changshi, and then built a shrine in front of the tomb and started a large-scale project.
Tomb of Zhang Shijie in Yangjiang Hailing
After the tomb was repaired, the county commander Kechang sent someone to Jiangmen to meet the famous scholar Chen Baisha (1428-1500) and asked Chen to write a memorial for the temple, but did not get the ancestral record of Mr. Chen Baisha.
Chen Zeng replied to Ke Chang in the "Reply to keming's house": "There is Hu Xiucai who comes to Baisha, and can teach the beauty of deacons' aspirations." Zhang was sick and rare, and the deacons had no --day elegance, heard Xiu's words, and were moved by it, and they had placed the deacons among the sages and guards in the ten southeastern counties. The so-called born and loved by the people, dead and the people formed beans, so as to look forward to the Yang River, and pay attention to it for a long time. Humiliated by the hand teaching, admit to the tomb of Zhang Dafu. He also built a shrine in front of the tomb, the same as mount Gao. Lucky, lucky. From this point of view, what the deacons do is the first thing to be weathered, and it is usually just a thin book and a vulgar official to take care of the current ear, so why should we see the Foot of the Yang River? The shrine is very much like. In the past, Wen Xiucai said that the deacons built a shrine at the table, and a certain deacon in his heart promised that the deacon would be able to get out of his body, and it would not be too late for him to prolong the years. Sick and tired, can not have a big shape, make back, talk about this summer, Yu is not one by one. (Chen Baisha playing slippery head)
Chen Baisha was a well-known figure at that time, but he only praised the tomb of Ke Changbiao, but he pretended to prevaricate the ancestral record. (Is Mr. BaiSha also suspicious of the location of Zhang Shijie's tomb?) ）
In the biography of Sanzhong in the second volume of the Yashan Chronicle, Zhang Shijie is described as: "The Xinhui County Chronicle says that there is a real tomb in Chikan Village of Xiangshan Chaoju, and the person who claims to be in Yangjiang is Ke Ling (Ming Hongzhi Ji Weiyangjiang County Ling Kechang). According to this, although Huang Chun said that the tomb was in Yangjiang, he also recorded that the tomb was in Xiangshan when the predecessor compiled the Xinhui County Chronicle. In Yangjiang, the claim is that Ke Xian Ling lied to deceive Chen Baisha, that is, Huang Chun also denied the claim that he was in Chikan Village, Chaoju Li, Yangjiang County.
Regarding where Zhang Shijie's body was buried, various accounts are different, and opinions are diverse. The "Chronicle of Yangjiang County" contains: In the second year of Ming Jiajing (1523 AD), Luo Qiao, a native of Jishui (Luling), Jiangxi, was stationed in Yangjiang to compose the "Records of Zhang Taifu Ancestral Hall": "There is the tomb of Zhang Taifu Shijie in Yangjiang, in Chikan Village, Chaojuli, go to Yangjiang Seventy Lixu, michi PingzhangGang. According to the "Yashan Chronicle", Zhang Taifu's tomb is in Yangjiang, and the "Xinhui County Chronicle" repaired in the Qing Dynasty is not recorded, but only says that "Zhang Shijie and others crossed their toes, boated to Pingzhang Port on Hailing Island, encountered a hurricane and overturned the boat, and died in the sea" There is no tomb.
In the twelfth year of the Qing Tongzhi dynasty, the Xiangshan County Chronicle was controversial. They cite the Guangdong Tongzhi (Huang Zuo), which confirms it as the tomb of Zhang Taifu "in the village of Chikan, one hundred and fifty miles southwest of the county. And said: "Huang Zuo has a poem cloud's 'Yang River does not see the tide in The House, there is really a tomb of Taifu in this place.' In present-day Kaoyang River, there is no such (Chaoju) village, nor is there this (Chikan) village, so it is thought that the real tomb is undoubtedly complete. ”
Tomb of Zhang Shijie, Doumen, Zhuhai
After hundreds of years, until modern times, the dispute over Zhang Shijie's tomb has not been settled. Until the 1980s of the last century, due to the fierce competition for tourism resources, the theory of Fragrant Mountain and the theory of Yangjiang resurged.
In October 1980, Doumen County (formerly part of Xiangshan County) found a tomb on the "also" glyph-shaped hillside in the eastern foothills of Huangyang Mountain, and the tombstone was engraved: "The tomb of the Duke of Yueguo, the deputy envoy of the Song Dynasty, Fu Taifu." According to the "Doumen Xiangyin", the stone pillar in front of the tomb is engraved with a joint text: "Yunshan Empty Looking at the Waiter's House;" "The Sea water is still facing the Yongfu Mausoleum". This discovery coincides with the Ming Dynasty's "Xinhui County Chronicle": There is a tomb of Zhang Taifu zhen in Chikan Village, Xiangshan County. After more than a hundred years, the "Xiangshan County Chronicle" held by the "Xiangshan County Chronicle" was found and the argument was added.
A few months later, on April 12, 1981, the Southern Daily published an article written by Zeng Chuanrong entitled "Zhang Shijie's Tomb in Yangjiang Hailing", quoting the "Zhao Zhonglu" written by the late Song Dynasty as saying that "Zhou Wenying received the corpse of Taifu on the seashore" and the Taifu Ancestral Monument built in Yangjiang in the Ming Dynasty as evidence, believing that "Zhang's tomb in Doumen does not conform to historical facts." "The dispute over the tomb is still unresolved.
Leaving aside the various accounts of Lin Lin for the time being, let's first understand the tombs of Zhang Shijie in Yangjiang and Zhuhai. Yangjiang Zhang Shijie Tomb is located at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain on Hailing Island in Yangjiang City, next to Li'an Village. It is said that it was built by Ling Kechang of Yangjiang County, and it was rebuilt many times in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The tomb sits west to east, backed by mountains facing the sea, with an area of 458 square meters and a lime sand structure. The grave is 3.2 meters in diameter and 1.15 meters high. The tombstone is bluestone, engraved in letters, with the right "Qianlong Nongshu Nianxiu of the Qing Dynasty", the middle "Tomb of Zhang Shijie, the Vice-Envoy of the Privy Counsellor of the Song Dynasty", and the left is "The Standing Stone of the King of Beiping". The tombstone is lined with stone pillars, on which are carved roof ridges and carved links. The petals of incense are hard to save, and the loyal bones are buried in the earth.
The tomb of Zhang Shijie in Chikan Village, Chaojuli, Zhuhai, is located in a pine forest on the slope of the "also" shaped hillside at the eastern foot of Huangyang Mountain. It is said that in order to avoid the pursuit of the Yuan army, the generals had to burn the corpses and bury them in Chikan Village, Chaojuri, Xiangshan, and later build a tomb. According to the "Chronicle of Xiangshan County", "On the island where the coffins of the various armies were burned, Jie (Zhang Shijie) was as bold as a fight, and even more could not be burned, and the armies mourned. "Zhang Taifu's tomb lies on the mountain facing the sea, the cemetery area is 676 square meters, three times back to the ridge, two twists and turns of the left and right swinging hands, three-level worship platform, golden well, a pair of tomb tables, in front of the pockets. The tomb is made of lime, green bricks, sand ash, the tomb follows the pattern of sand ash sculpture into a dragon and phoenix dance, the tomb is in the middle of a 1.96-meter-high bluestone tombstone, engraved "Song Taifu Privy Councillor Deputy Envoy Yue Guo Zhang Gong Shijie Tomb", in front of the tomb set up a wordless rectangular stone tomb table, left and right opposite erection of two 2.7 meters high stone pillars, carved with a cloud: "Yunshan Empty Looking at the Waiter's House, the sea water is still facing the Yongfu Mausoleum.". The tomb was restored in the thirteenth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1748) by Zhang Rulin of Xiangshan Zhi County.
Statue of Zhang Shijie
Based on the information mentioned above, the author carefully made a comparison and reasoned. Before the Song Dynasty, the area around Doumen was called Huangziwei, which belonged to the Xinhui Chaoju capital. In the twenty-second year of Shaoxing of the Song Dynasty (1152), the islands near Huangyang Mountain were under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, still called Chaojuli and Chaoju Township. In the fourteenth year of Hongwu (1381) of the Ming Dynasty, Chaoju Township in Xiangshan County was renamed Huangliangdu. Xiangshan County Rural Chronicle Volume 10 Geography Huang Liang Du: "Chaoju Township, so Yanfuli Huangziwei." One hundred and fifty miles southwest of the city. Tucheng is one hundred and twenty miles away from the county seat. It is bounded by Longdu in the north, Guzidu in the east, Xinhui County in the west, Xinning County in the southwest, and Haihai in the south. "Zhu Zhi" Yun: Shen, Violent Erzhi Zai, Huangyang Mountain (Chaojuli Houshan) its yang has Chikangang, for Zhang Shijie's tomb. "The local chronicle of Yangjiang has no record of the places under his rule, Chao curi or Chikan.
The tomb of Zhang Shijie in Yangjiang and the tomb of Zhang Shijie in Chikan Village, Chaojuli, Zhuhai were both restored during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and the legend is that the same was built by Zhang Shijie's generals, Zhang Shijie fell into the sea and died in Hailing Harbor due to a storm during the breakthrough, and the historical records are the same, the yashan was defeated, and the Southern Song Dynasty fell. In order to avoid the Yuanjun's "Yashan Zhi" Yun: "Pingzhang, that is, the East of Hailing, is the burial place of the generations, and the generals will burn it, and the bones will be buried here." According to the "Chronicle of Xiangshan County", "The coffins of the various armies burned the corpses on the island." Jie (Zhang Shijie) was bold as a fight, and even more incinerated, and the mourning of the various armies "can be seen that it is consistent to burn Zhang Shijie's body in Hailing."
Why did you want to burn the body? It can be seen that the situation was critical at that time, "Yuan Shi. The biography of Li Heng records: "It is as dark as fog in the day, there are those who take a boat to the south, Heng thinks that he is the king of Wei, he pursues the highest, the transformation, the surrender of the inquirer, the first to know that the king of Wei is dead, the recluse is Shi Jieye, and Shi Jie Ji is also drowned." It can be seen that the Yuan army pursued and slaughtered in order to make the opponent submit. The cruelty of cutting grass and removing roots. In order to avoid the Yuan army's pursuit of the insulting corpse, the first rank was cut off to ask for credit, and burning the bones of the corpse was the best and most convenient method. It is necessary to confuse the enemy army by burning the coffin into a suspicious tomb, and the "Cliff Mountain Chronicle" has "Yangjiang County ShouwenDu Pingzhang Mountain has a suspicious tomb cloud." This can also be clearly analyzed.
Both histories have the saying of "letter bones", why "letter bones"? The reason for this is even simpler, there are Mao Cun in ancient times, father Bo Yi, sitting Han Nongxin, Dang LiuLing Table, Cun Nai trekking thousands of miles, and the burial of the bones, known as Du Xiaoxiao. In the story of Mao Cun, the bones of Qianli are buried.
Besides, it's better to carry a skeleton than to carry a corpse and escape! From a common sense point of view, if it is buried on the spot, why should the coffin be burned? In addition to being easy to carry, the cremation of the bones is more convenient for destroying the traces and destroying the evidence, and better protecting Zhang Shijie's skeleton. Therefore, the skeleton of Zhang Shijie is very likely to be taken to Huangyang Mountain, and the tomb of Zhang Shijie in Yangjiang may also be a suspected tomb. The tomb is a protective measure for the real tomb. Due to the brutal killing of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, the song remnants and the people of Yashan were reluctant to say where the real deeds were in order to protect the real tomb and save their personal lives.
Someone asked: How could Zhang Shijie's skeleton not be taken elsewhere? But was taken to Zhuhai Chaojuli Chikan Village?
A passage can be found from the "Xiangshan County Rural Chronicle" Volume III The Broadcast of the Second King of the Late Song Dynasty: "In october of the second year of the reign of Emperor Jingyan of the Song Dynasty to the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor sailed through the Yi Realm from the shallow bay of Chaozhou, and the Yi people Manan Bao offered Su Qianshi to feed the army. Zhao Ruoju summoned hundreds of Qin kings from chaoju (in present-day Huangliangdu). Also: In June, the emperor walked the cliff mountain, to Guan Wen Dian University Scholar Zeng Yuanzi ChongShan Mausoleum, Fengzi Palace also, funeral Manan Bao family. Nan Bao wanted to go to The Cliff Mountain, but he was hindered by illness, and many of the chaoju people were recruited to join the army. ”
Emperor walks the cliff mountain
In the Battle of Yashan, the Song army recruited many local righteous soldiers to expand their military strength, especially the water army, and Zhao Ruoju personally led the Chaoju Township Zhao Clan Relatives Qingzhuang and the villagers hundreds of righteous soldiers arrived in Shayong to wait. The emperor ordered the whole to be under the command of Zhang Shijie, accompanied by the imperial escort, and ordered to give wine to the army. The army collapsed, and Zhang Shijie led the rest of the army (more than ten warships) to break through. After Zhang Shijie drowned, if there were Chaoju Li righteous soldiers in the remnants, it would be natural to bring Zhang Shijie's skeleton back to Zhuhai Chaojuli Chikan Village
After the death of the Song Dynasty. Zhang Hongfan claimed to slaughter Chaoju, zhao Ruoju stepped forward, righteousness was awe-inspiring, single-handedly shouldered the responsibility, taking the life of a township people as a request, forcing Hongfan to take back his life, and more than 300 residents of Chaojuli relied on it to block it.
Why did Zhang Hongfan massacre Chao Curie? In addition to the yuan army's tough and brutal killing nature, I think Zhang Hongfan may get some rumors or doubts: Did the Chao curri bury Zhang Shijie?
At that time, the generals had to burn the bones of the corpses and bury them first in Chikan Village, Chaoju, Xiangshan, and the practice of building a tomb later may have made Zhang Hongfan unable to find evidence, plus Shi Jie Shao from Zhang Rou (Zhang Hongfan's father) "History of Song". Zhang Shijie is the personal relationship of Zhang Hongfan's brothers, and Zhang Hongfan gave up the massacre of Chao Curie. Zhang Hongfan is not a human extinction, he wrote a poem "Shu Huai" during the Southern Expedition, in which he said: Grinding swords and stones and cracking stones, drinking horses and running out of water in the Yangtze River. Our army's millions of battle robes are red, full of the blood of the sons and daughters of Jiangnan! It reveals his helplessness in the destruction of war and his inner contradictions, pain, and guilt.
By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it was under the rule of this brutal dynasty that Zhu Yuanzhang lost his parents and his family was destroyed. Displaced, begging for a living, he had no choice but to rebel. In Zhu Yuanzhang's heart, there was a bitter hatred for Yuan. There is not only family hatred, but also national hatred. After years of " building walls high, accumulating grain, slowly claiming the king " obscure strategy. Zhu Yuanzhang, the cattle herder, can finally do what he wants to do, eliminate Yuan, avenge his parents, and the slogan he put forward can resonate with people even more: "Drive out Hu Yu, restore China, establish Chen Ji, and relieve Si Min", which was also the idea of many people at that time.
With the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang propagated that he had avenged the Song Dynasty, that he was inheriting the orthodoxy of the Han people, that he regarded himself as the savior of the Han people, and that out of political necessity, he built loyal martyrs and tombs in various places, and did not know whether it was a generational honor, or whether officials built various ancestral temples and tombs commemorating Song Zhonglie, whether true or false, bloomed everywhere at one time.
In the fifth year of Ming Chenghua (1469, that is, 190 years after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty), Tao Lu was allowed to play the imperial court and was allowed to build a great shrine at the site of the late Song Dynasty on Yashan Mountain to commemorate the indomitable Xiang guowen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu and Taifu Zhang Shijie, who were in danger and were indomitable. In October of the fourth year of Meiji (1491), Liu Daxia, a tobe attendant and former Guangdong right-hand man, went on a tour to Xinhui. The Ciyuan Temple (commonly known as the Hall of the Mother of the Nation) was built to commemorate the heroic martyrdom of Empress Yang.
Xinhui Ciyuan Temple
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1370), someone built a solemn tomb for Lu Xiufu in Xinhuiyi City, with a house next to the tomb, stone horses and stone lions set up in front of the tomb, and a tomb keeper's home.
On the South Mountain in Qing'ao Village, Shen'ao Town, Nan'ao Island, a hundred miles away, Guo Zizhang, the prefect of Chaozhou Prefecture, laid the foundation stone to rebuild Lu Xiufu's "Yiguan Tomb" in the twelfth year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1584). The Chaozhou garrison is called the Jinghan Inscription Book. The stone inscription on the tombstone reads "Ming Wanli Twelve Years Old Jia Shen Mengxia Ji Li There is the tomb of The Song Dynasty Emperor Junshi Lu Gong". In Chaozhou, the tomb of Lu Xiufu is not an ancient tomb, but a crown tomb that has been rebuilt by the descendants of Lu Xiufu after being relocated and buried.
In the current of this great construction of Song Zhonglie's memorial inscriptions, in the second year of Ming Jiajing, when Yangjiang County ling Kechang and Luo Qiao were stationed in Yangjiang, Luo Qiao certainly did not miss the opportunity to show loyalty to his superiors, and in view of the favorable conditions in Hailing Harbor, where Song Zhonglie fell into the sea and fell into the sea, it is natural to build Zhang Taifu Ancestral Hall and repair Zhang Shijie's tomb.
In addition, the tombstone of Zhang Shijie on Hailing Island in Yangjiang is "the tomb of Zhang Shijie, the deputy envoy of the Song Dynasty".
Tombstone of Zhang Shijie on Hailing Island in Yangjiang
The tomb of Zhang Shijie on the Huangyang Mountain in Zhuhai Doumen, the tombstone inscription is "The Tomb of Zhang Gong of YueGuo Zhang Shijie, the Deputy Envoy of the Privy Council of The Song Dynasty", and the comparison of the tombstone lies in the difference between the tomb of Zhang Shijie of the Duke of Yueguo and the tomb of Zhang Shijie of Yueguo, in ancient times, the descendants erected monuments for their ancestors and wrote the word "讳".
Tombstone of Zhang Shijie, Doumen, Zhuhai
In the thirteenth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1748), Zhang Rulin (descendant of Zhang Shijie, ziyunshu, Xuancheng) of Zhixian County, Xiangshan County. Yongzheng was born in the thirteenth year. Xuan was introduced in the first year of Qianlong, and was ordered to be Zhi County, distributed to Guangdong, ren Heyuan, Xiangshan, and Yangchun Zhi county. It is also known for Macao Coastal Defense. After that, he went to the office. He is the author of "Macao Chronicle", 30 volumes of poetry collections, 50 volumes of Zhengmu, and the same series of "Wanya Three Compilations" with Shi Nianzeng. Zhang Rulin, during his tenure in Zhixian County, Xiangshan County, according to his own genealogical records, found the ancient tomb of Zhang Shijie, who was buried on Huangyang Mountain at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, and according to the confirmation of the Dachikan people in Chaojuli, Xiangshan County, he rebuilt the tomb, erected a monument and added the word "讳" to identify it as the tomb of the ancestor, raised two silver fields and thirty-nine acres of land for the Shijie tomb to taste the field, handed over to the Liren Zhang Peichang and others to manage, and the income from the field rent was paid twice a year for spring and autumn worship, and thereafter there were descendants of the Zhang clan who participated in the tomb repair and sacrifice until now.
The tomb of Zhang Shijie in Zhuhai Doumen is still old
The descendants of the Zhang clan sacrificed Zhang Shijie
Thinking back on what I reasoned about above, after all, I still need scientific testing, the author may be too partial to the limited records of limited historical materials, out of the fog of history books, we remember the loyalty and heroism of our predecessors at the same time, do not imitate the thoughts and feelings of ancient historical authors, and examine the historical reality. Take a step higher: no matter where the Zhonglie Citang is found, where the tomb of Yingjie is found, the final tree stele is in its own heart, stimulating its patriotic feelings, if so, follow the footsteps of Yingjie everywhere.