"The East Wind does not fight with Zhou Lang Ben, the Copper Bird Spring Deep Lock Er Qiao" - Du Mu's epic poem

Du Mu created many epic poems, mostly the Seven Absolutes, or satirized the absurdity of the emperor and discussed political gains and losses, such as "Passing the Huaqing Palace"; or nostalgic for the past and the prosperous times, with the past and the present, such as "Title Wei Wenzhen" and "Dengle Youyuan" ("The long sky is faint and the island is gone, and the ancient pin sinks into it." Looking at the cause of the Han family, the Five Tombs have no trees and autumn winds. Or to express their depression and unfairness through historical events, such as "Chibi" and "Wujiang Pavilion", which have rich ideological connotations and obtain high artistic achievements. It features two features:

The first is to allude to praise and depreciation in a vivid and vivid image, implicitly implying that it is timeless. For example, "Three Absolute Sentences of The Huaqing Palace":

Chang'an looked back at the embroidery piles, and the thousand doors on the top of the mountain were opened one after another. A red dust concubine laughed, and no one knew that it was a lychee coming.

The new feng green trees rose yellow, and several rode The Fishing Sun probed back. Neon dress a song on a thousand peaks, dance broken in the primitive down.

The song of all nations is drunk and peaceful, and the moon in the heavenly tower hall is clear. The clouds beat the Lushan dance randomly, and the wind passed under the heavy mountain and laughed.

The first satire of "Emperor Ming Zhiyuan to please women, the strength of the poor, the desperate life, some disregard, such as why not die" (Xie Fangde", "Commentary on the Selection of Tang Poems" volume 3), but does not have half a sentence of discussion, but only reproduces the historical scene of Yang Guifei "laughing" at the Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain to see the lychee "galloping forward" to the reader, small in the big, individual embodiment, rich in meaning. The New Book of Tang Dynasty Biography of Yang Guifei: "Concubines love lychees, and they will want to be born, but they will be transported by horseback, walking thousands of miles, the taste has not changed, and they have reached the capital master", and "the people and horses are stiff, looking at each other in the Tao". There are three characteristics of art: one is that the small sees the big, the individual embodiment is general, and there is the magic of seeing the small; the second is the sharp contrast: "one rides red dust" and "the concubine laughs", and the ruler's pleasure is based on the pain of the people; the third is the secret use of allusions: the princes of the beacon play, full of irony. The second song links the extravagance and lavishness of Emperor Tang Ming and Yang Guifei with the chaos of An Shi, which seems careless, but in fact has the most profound meaning. And the third song highlights the ugliness of the "Lushan Dance" in the crowd of song and dance, and the dimwitting of The Tang Ming Emperor can be seen here.

The second is to contradict the facts and make a reversal article, which is surprising and quite historical. For example, "Chibi":

Folding the sand iron is not sold, and it will be polished and washed to recognize the front dynasty. Dongfeng does not go with Zhou Lang, and Tong Que Chun deep locks Er Qiao.

In the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Lang's contribution was great, and history had long been conclusive, but Du Mu said that he was fortunate to succeed, almost his family and country were not protected, and the correctness of the discussion and the unique insight were refreshing. It can be seen that the predecessors praised Du Mu's kind of yongshi sentence as "twenty-eight character historical theory" (Xu Yan's "Yanzhou Poetry"), which is not unreasonable. In fact, Du Mu's poems are not only the history of Yongshi, but often convey the poet's own complaints and grievances, that is, such as "Chibi", why doesn't it have the taste of "when there is no hero, then make the shaft famous"? The artistic characteristics of this poem are fourfold: First, it is worked on the beginning, not written about the shape of mountains and rivers, but written by a detail, vivid and natural. The second is to be good at discussion and do overturning articles. Traditionally, it is mostly written according to the original face of history, such as Li Bai's "Chibi Farewell Song": "The two dragons fight to decide the male and female, and the Chibi building ship sweeps the ground and the air." The fire shone brightly on the sea of clouds, and Zhou Yu broke the Cao Gong here. Hu Zeng's "Chibi": "The fire burned the Banner of the Emperor of Wei in the west, and Zhou Lang opened the country and fought for the tiger." The soldiers did not fake the long sword, and the hero million division was defeated. Su Shi's "Nian Nu Jiao": "When Gong Jin was young, Xiao Qiao was first married, and he was majestic and handsome. Between laughter and laughter, the robbers are in smoke. They all praise Zhou Yu, but Du Mu's poem is contrary to this statement. The third is that it is wonderful and humorous, and the serious political content is humorous. Fourth, words are close and far-reaching, and straight in the middle. "Yan Zhou Poetry": "Du Mu's poem "Chibi" ,...... It means that Chibi cannot set fire to it, and cao gong seizes the second qiao and puts it on the copper bird platform. Sun's hegemony is related to this battle. The survival of the society, the lives of the people do not ask, only afraid of catching Erqiao, it can be seen that The measures do not know likes and dislikes. Feng Jiwu, who later annotated Du Mu's poems, retorted: "Poetry should not be discussed in this way, and this Naomura's scholarly reading history is far from the poet's words!" (Notes on Fan Chuan's Collected Poems) Although the poems are argumentative, they are slightly worded and "implicitly and deeply" (Wu Jingxu's "Poetry of Past Dynasties", Gengji 7).

In addition, "Wujiang Pavilion" Yong Xiangyu also made a novel speech, refusing to be followed by others:

The victorious and defeated soldiers are not expected, and the bag of shame is a boy. Jiangdong's sons are multi-talented, and their comeback is unknown.

The poem emphasizes that shame and humiliation are naturally inspired by reading. Hu Zai's "Yu Yin Cong Words of The Amaranth Creek" said that this poem was "different and reasonable... The Xiang clan crossed the river with 8,000 people, and after the defeat, none of them returned, and their loss of hearts was even worse, who would be willing to return to it? It cannot come back, it will not be done. From a historical point of view, this statement is not unreasonable, but after all, poetry is not necessarily an objective record of history. Wang Anshi's "Wujiang Pavilion" said: "Hundreds of battles are tired and heroic, and it is difficult to return to the Central Plains after a defeat. Although the sons of Jiangdong are here now, are they willing to come back with the king? Although it makes sense, in the end it is not as good as Du Mushi's words, giving people enlightenment. Wu Jingxu's "Poetry of Past Dynasties" defends this poem, saying that Du Mu "used the method of overturning the case, fell to a level, and was justified in waking up", which focused on the characteristics of the poem and was very insightful. Another example is "The Four Hao Temples of the Title Shang Mountain":

Lü Shi qiang Liang Si Zi Rou, I am gracious by nature. The southern army did not favor the left sleeve, and the four old An Liu were destroyed Liu.

It is also a reversal of the case, which is intriguing. The famous poets Wen Tingjun and Li Shangyin, who were at the same time as Du Mu, all had The Four Hao Poems, but they all stopped at discussing things on the facts, and there was no surprising high opinion. Du Mu alone is not. He believed that Shangshan Sihao blindly supported Emperor Hui, and almost changed the surname of Liu Shi, but fortunately, Zhou Bo and Chen Ping destroyed Zhu Lü to stabilize the situation. To this end, the poet reversed the old saying and came to the conclusion that 'the four old An Liu are destroying Liu'. Predecessors have commented that Du Mu's epic poems are "surprising and unusual" and "different and reasonable", but they do not know that their discussion based on historical facts has the positive significance of encouraging positive progress and yearning for the clarity of the government and government. (Zhu Bilian's Selected Notes on "Selected Works of Du Mu", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1995 edition)