Temujin was founded in 1206 at the source of the Hunan River, with the name Genghis Khan and the name of the Great Mongol State. After the establishment of the Great Mongol State, there were many foreign invasions and expansions, Genghis Khan began to conquer the Western Xia, Western Liao, Jinguo, Huarazimo and other states during his reign, and his successors went through two large-scale western expeditions, and by the time of Möngke Khan's death in 1259, the Great Mongol State had occupied a vast territory including northern Desert, northern China, northeast China, Tibet, western regions, central Asia, west Asia, and eastern Europe. From 1260 to 1264, after Kublai Khan finally defeated Ali Buge and seized the Khan's throne, the fiefdoms of King Shuchihou, Chagataihou, Wokoutai and Hulagu, which originally belonged to the Great Mongolian State, gained de facto independence, and established the Chincha Khanate, chagatai Khanate, Wokoutai Khanate, and Ilkhanate respectively, and the regime established by the Mongols was collectively known as the "Mongol Empire" by the West.
In 1271, Kublai Khan added the name "Dayuan", and since then the Great Mongol State has been renamed "Dai Ön Yeqe Mongɣul Ulus", and then in 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty unified China. The four khanates did not recognize the suzerainty of the Yuan Dynasty until 1304 during the reign of Emperor Chengzong of Yuan, and the Yuan court divided the Wokoutai Khanate with the Chagatai Khanate in 1310 during the reign of Emperor Wuzong of Yuan, and took the territory of Moxi, and in 1368, the Yuan court moved to mobei, known as "Northern Yuan". The Northern Yuan died in 1402, after the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian Tatars, Wa thorns, Turpan and other khanates coexisted for a long time, until the 18th century withdrew from the historical stage of nearly 800 years, during which a number of outstanding representative figures emerged in different fields and different periods, today Xiaobian made a brief introduction in chronological order, of course, there are many outstanding representative figures not listed in it, I hope to gradually be able to supplement and improve in the future.
Hebul Khan (Gebul Khan in the YuanShi; reigned 1130-1146, the first Khan of Mongolia, who unified the Mongol ministries, Genghis Khan's great-grandfather);
Genghis Khan (31 May 1162 – 25 August 1227, founder of the Mongol Empire and great khan, after his death, the Mongol Empire became the largest connected empire in history);
Zamuhe (1166-1204, chief of the Mongol Zadaran tribe, known as Gu'er Khan. Both he and Temujin were heads of the Mongol ministry and both wanted to unify Mongolia. He was one of Temujin's main rivals, and the two had fought against each other in the Mongolian steppe. )；
Wokoutai (7 November 1186 – 11 December 1241), also known as Chogakudai, Wakadai, and Wokoudai. was the third son of Genghis Khan and the second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire);
1194-1276, also known as The Lost Lucky Kutu Kuo Tu In 1206, after Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, he was appointed as the supreme judge. He participated in the formulation of the Great Zaza and founded the Mongolian system of writing green books. It is said that he was the author of the Secret History of The Mongols);
General Muhuali (1170-1223, also known as Muheli, Mohelai, Muhuli, etc., under Genghis Khan Temujin of the Great Mongol Empire, a general and founding hero);
Subutai (1176-1248, was an important military strategist and general of Genghis Khan and Wokoutai Khan);
Kerry Tsuruhothini (1198-1252, occult history: Sha'erheheitani Beg, Empress Dowager of the Great Mongol Empire, was the wife of Tuolei and the biological mother of Möngke, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, and Alibu. Because her four illustrious sons were all emperors, she was called "the mother of the four emperors" by later historians);
Batu Khan (1207–1255) was the second son of Temujin's eldest son, Shuchi, and the son of Khokjirabu's daughter, Wuqi Xuzhen kedun. Yunwen Yunwu, the Mongols called him Sayin Khan because of his leniency towards his subordinates. In 1242, the capital of Batu was established at Saray of Chincha on the lower Volga River);
Möngke Khan (10 January 1209 – 11 August 1259, reigned: 1 July 1251 – 11 August 1259, fourth great khan of the Mongol Empire);
Hulagu (1217 – 8 February 1265, founder of the Ilkhanate, conqueror of Southwest Asia. Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern frontiers of the Mongol Empire;
Guiyu Khan (19 March 1206 – 20 April 1248; he took part in the conquest of the Jin Dynasty in his early years and captured his prince. He also went on a western expedition to Europe with Battus. In 1246, he ascended the throne through the Kuritai Assembly, in 1247 Tubo was annexed to the Mongol Empire, and the following year Guiyu died, and the Khan's throne was transferred to the Tore line);
Bo'er only Jin Broad End (1206-1251), also known as Extended End, Kuten. Emperor and general of the Mongol Khanate. Grandson of Genghis Khan, the second son of Emperor Taizong of Yuan. In 1235, the Mongols divided their forces to attack the Song Dynasty, and he led the Western Route Army to Keyuan Prefecture (沔州, in modern Luoyang, Shaanxi). The following year, he entered Sichuan and occupied Chengdu. Subsequently, as the second prince, he guarded Hexi and Qinlong, and his division was in the western Xia homeland, so he built his ear at Liangzhou Prefecture (梁州府, in modern Wuwei, Gansu). In 1246, he summoned Sakya Banzhida, the leader of the Tibetan Sakya sect, to Liangzhou and sent a letter to the Tibetan monks and lay leaders to surrender to Mongolia.
1214-1294, also known as 搠思哥 斡節兒, 搠思吉月即兒, meaning "Dharma Guang" in Tibetan. Mongol linguist and translator of the Yuan Dynasty. His original name was Damedoji, and his legal name was Taiji Jie'er. He was a national teacher of the Yuan Dynasty. He made an important contribution to the standardization of the Mongolian language. ）；
Kublai Khan (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294, grandson of Genghis Khan; 1260–1294, the fifth great khan of the Mongol Empire and the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty);
Tetsubetsu (1165–c. 1224, originally known as Tetsubetsu). After Temujin subdued Taichi Ubu, he submitted to Temujin and gave him the name Tetsubetsu. He also has the title of the first fierce general of the Mongol Empire and is also one of the four dogs. In Jin Yong's novel The Legend of the Eagle Shooter, Zhebei is saved by Guo Jing when he is pursued by Genghis Khan; Guo Jing's archery skills are taught by Zhebei);
Zhenjin (1243–1286, concubine of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, father of the second emperor Yuan Chengzong Timur, was made the King of Yan in 1261 and crown prince in 1273);
Nahai (1225-1299), nephew of Brother Beer, son of Tatar, son of Tu'er, the seventh son of Shuchi. He commanded a legion of ten thousand; was the de facto ruler of the Golden Horde and the grandson of Genghis Khan);
Boyan (1236-1295), a native of the Eight Neighbors of Mongolia. General of the Yuan Dynasty. Great-grandfather Shu Lugetu and Zu A thorn were meritorious in the conquest from Genghis Khan, and were appointed as the Left Thousand Households of the Eight Neighbors and the Judge of the Eight Neighbors);
Ghazan Khan (4 November 1271 – 17 May 1304, eldest son of Aruhun, succeeded him to establish the Islamization of the Ilkhanate. His greatest achievements were settling the Mongols and commissioning Rashdddin to edit historical collections);
Timidity Khan (1278-1326; the fourteenth Great Khan of the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongol Empire, timidly eased the tension between the First Flower Era and the Yuan Dynasty and the Ilkhanate);
Muhammad 1282-1341, also known as The Khan of Uzbekistan, was the ninth Khan of the Khanate of Chincha and the longest-reigning monarch of the Khanate of Chincha. The Uzbeks are named after the month;
Kukut Timur (c. 1315 – September 17, 1375), courtesy name Baobao, given the name of Emperor Huizong of Yuan, was an important general of the late Yuan Dynasty, and in Jin Yong's wuxia novel Yitian Tulong, he was the parent of Tsakhan Timur and the brother of Zhao Min. In the Nine-Armed Sword", "The Eighth Bronze Man of Shaolin", he is a general who is well versed in the "wild shouting" skill. ）；
Ji Dangpu (Yuan Dynasty official. In 1334, he was appointed as a visiting envoy to Sichuan, and presided over the reconstruction of Dujiangyan during his tenure);
Timur Khan (8 April 1336 – 18 February 1405, historically known as Timur, conqueror of West Asia, South asia and Central Asia in the 14th century, and founded the Timurid Empire in Central Asia);
1350-1406, in 1382 he captured the city of Kazan, defeated the former Golden Horde Mamai, and merged with the Duchy of Rus, the two accounts, from Lake Balkhash to Crimea. ）；
Ulubek Khan (22 March 1394 – 24 October 1449, ruler of the Timurid Empire, astronomer, mathematician and strongman);
Yexian Khan (1407-1455, 28th Mongol Great Khan, also equivalent to the leader of the Mongol Wallachian tribe in the middle of the Ming Dynasty in China, was given the title of King of Jingshun in tribute to the Ming Dynasty, and at the same time was given the title of Taishi by The Removal of Flowers, and during his reign, the Wallachian reached its peak. ）；
Haji Gelai Khan (1410-1466), who said he was the eleventh grandson of Genghis Khan, a descendant of the Battu brother Bald Timur. He is supposed to have ascended the throne in 1428 or 1434, with the first Gelai dynasty coins no earlier than 1441);
Minri Glei (1440-1515, founder of the Mongol Crimean Khanate, captured and destroyed Sarai. He claimed that the Crimean Khanate had succeeded to the Golden Horde);
Mandu Haichechen (1448-1510, due to the unification of Mongolia by Lady Mandu Haichechen, it brought benefits to the Mongolian people to recuperate and develop production. Therefore, ancient and modern historians have given her a high evaluation);
94.Muhammad Shayibani Khan (1451-1510, also known as Abra-Fass Shayibani Khan, Khan of the Uzbek Dynasty, who constantly united the Uzbek tribes and did not establish a foundation for dominance in the river region. ）；
1464-1543, Dayan Khan's unification of Mongolia brought a relatively stable production environment, promoted the social development of Mongolia, and was known as the lord of Zhongxing in Mongolian history);
Babur Khan (or Babel, 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530) was a descendant of Genghis Khan and the founding monarch of the Mughal Empire that ruled the Indian subcontinent. Its name "Babur" means "tiger". He was the sixth grandson of Timur of the Timurid Empire. ）；
Altan Khan (1507-1582, an important leader of the Mongol Tumut tribe in the late 16th century, descendant of Genghis Khan of the Golden Family, grandson of Dayan Khan);
Kuchu Khan (1530-1605, the last Khan of the Siberian Khanate);
Abatay Khan (1534-1586, great-grandson of the 16th-century Mongol Great Khan Dayan Khan, grandson of Gyatseng Zazaar, nono and eldest son. Ancestor of the Tushetu Khanate. ）；
Tumenza saktu Khan (1539–1592; eldest son of Kuden Khan). The Third Khan of Chahar);
Akbar Khan (full name Geral-din Muhammad Akbar) was able to treat all faiths equally and freely during his reign from 14 October 1542 to 24 October 1605. Compared to the monarchs before him, the culture and art of the empire reached its peak during its reign);
Boris Godunov (1552–1605, born of the Tatar Mongol nobility, elected Boris as Tsar of Russia in 1604 by the All-Russian Council of Gentry. He inherited Ivan the Terrible's legacy, stopped the war with Poland, waged war on Sweden in the north, and expanded the mouth of the Baltic Sea. )
Halakura (1564-1634, founder of the Dzungar Khanate, prince of the Khyolswerat clan and also of the Tyrus Tribe Taiji);
Shōra ubashi (1567-1627, grandson of the Great Khan dayan Khan of the Mongols, great-grandson of the Geldhisen Zazagr (ancestor of the Khalkha clan), grandson of Ashhai (ancestor of the Zasaktu Khanate), and founder of the Khotaiji regime of the Alatan Khanate (and torvet). ）；
and Orlk Khan (1570-1644, 17th century was the head of the Turbat tribe of Erut Mongols. founder of the Turgut Khanate);
Choktutaiji (1581-1637, Kharkha nobility. He supported the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and expanded its influence to the Qinghai region;
1588-1653, or Batur Huntaiji, named Ando and Doheqin, 17th-century Dzungar chieftain. In 1640, together with Khalkha zasaktu Khan, a meeting of lords of the Weyrat and Khalkha tribes was convened, forming a broader alliance and formulating the Code of Mongolian Verat;
Gushi Khan (1582-1654, head of the Heshuo clan to which Weirat belonged in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, lord of the Weyrat league, founder of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Shuot Khanate, real name Tulu Baihu, was the nineteenth grandson of Genghis Khan's brother Habtu Hasar. Ancestral lord of the Erut League);
Fourth Dalai Lama, Yundan Gyatso (1589-1616, great-grandson of Alatan Khan. When the Third Dalai Lama died, the struggle between the Red and Yellow Religions in Tibet was not over. In order to gain the support of the Mongols, the Protector and the Guru predicted that the reincarnation of the Third Dalai Lama would appear in Mongolia. According to their prophecies, the third Dalai Lama's attendant came to Tumut to search for him and identified the son of Song bourchechen Chuku Gultaiji, the grandson of Alatan, as a reincarnated spiritual child;
Zayabandida (1599-1662, also known as Chechen Ombu, Chechen Khurji, Rajang Bahu Tuktu, etc., the fifth son of Bhabai Khan of the Shuotebu, was a senior Tibetan Buddhist monk in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Another major contribution of our Yabandida was the creation of the Tote Mongolian language in 1648 based on the Hudumu Mongolian language, because Veyrat is pronounced differently from Mongolian, so a new Mongolian script was compiled);
Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1613-1688), Xiaozhuang assisted the three emperors of the former Qing Dynasty, and played a great role in the entry of the Manchus, the destruction of the Ming Dynasty, and the consolidation of the rule over the Han. He also treated the Han people with courtesy, learned the lessons of jin and Mongolia, and had great respect for Western knowledge, which played a great enlightening role for the Kangxi Emperor. )
Galadama Battle (1635-1667, famous official of the Ministry of Velat, Great Marshal);
Jebtsundamba Lobsandan Begytsen (4 November 1635 – 18 February 1723, real name Zanabazar, was the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia outside Khalkha);
Rub Zangdan Tsang Zarasang (1639-1703, 17th century Khalkha religious figure, astronomer, physician, scholar);
Rubsangpol (1642-1715, famous Mongolian philosopher, medical scientist, writer, historian, poet);
Ayuchi Khan (1642-1724, Khan of turkit vyrat, when the Turgut Khanate was very powerful in southern Russia and the North Caucasus, Ayuchi Khan helped Russia defend the south);
Gordan Khan (1644-1697, The Mongol Dzungar clan of Khotaiji, during his reign continued to expand outwards, and the power of the Dzungars reached its peak, becoming the hegemon of Central Asia. ）；
Minh Antu (1692–1763, Zi Jing'an, astronomer and mathematician. There is a mathematical masterpiece "Circumcision Rate Shortcut Method" in four volumes, which is an important book for the study of trigonometric functions. Minh Antu was the first to discover the Catalan number in the book);
Akwang Baladan (1797-1864, scholar, poet, philosopher, he made great contributions to Buddhist philosophy);
IshiBajur (1704-1788, a famous Mongolian physician, writer, astronomer, and philosopher of the Mongols, including The Erdeni Banzhida Somba Khenpo);
Qinggun Zabu (1710-1757) was the leader of the Khalkha Rebellion in 1757 against the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Although the unrest failed, it is considered a pioneer of Outer Mongolia's independence);
Amir Sana (1718-1757, Khan of the Verat Ministry, Taiji of the Mongolian Erut Huit Ministry, grandson of Tsedu Alabutan);
Lobsang Chule Temu (1740-1810, famous medical scientist, astronomer, philosopher, writer, poet, devoted his life to the Mongolian religious and cultural cause, not only to the development of Mongolian publishing, but also to the promotion of Mongolian and Tibetan cultural exchanges);
Awang Dandel (1759-1842, was a well-known scholar and Buddhist master who was proficient in Mongolian, Tibetan and ancient Sanskrit, and enjoyed the reputation of Mongolian and Tibetan grammar masters, lexicographers, translators, religious philosophers, and writers in the international academic community;
Akwang Haidubu (1779-1838, 19th-century Khalkha Buddhist philosopher, poet, scholar and thinker);
Senggelinqin (1811-1865, military commander of the Manchu Qing Empire, held the military power of the Manchu Qing Empire, and rode the frontier all his life, with great military achievements. )
Yin Zhannashi (1837-1892, nicknamed Hass Chaolu, Han name Baohengshan, Zirunting, learned Mongolian, Han, Tibetan, Manchu and Sanskrit from his teacher at an early age, was a famous Mongolian thinker, historian, writer, translator and poet);
Agwang Dorje (1853-1938, Buryat monk, statesman, poet, improved the Mudum mongolian and Tote languages, creating the Wajindra Mongolian language. ）；
Isidan Jinwangjira (1854-1907, writer, poet, and medical scientist, Ishi Danjinwangjira founded the modern Mongolian school of medicine, and also created popular works such as "Auspicious Heavenly Goddess Praise" and "Fire Metaphor Sutra", studied Sanskrit, and also wrote a critical poetry collection "Golden Jade Proverbs");
Oryan Ofra (1857-1920, Kalmyk Djangelch, disseminator of nomadic culture);
Tao Ke Tao Hu (May 13, 1864 – April 1922, one of the main leaders of the Mongol anti-Qing anti-Reclamation Uprising in the late Qing Dynasty, known as the "Hero of Fortitude". Tuk Taw hu was a "national hero" who stood in the interests of the Mongol people against the oppression of the powerful and protected the land of the Mongols);
Baldukin Sharaf (1869-1939) was a Mongolian painter. He was praised for his introduction to Mongolia in a modern style of painting and for his famous work "A Day in Mongolia". Other notable works include portraits of Bogdor Khan)
Munlai Barthel Damuddin Su Rong (March 13, 1871 – January 27, 1921, fought for independence all his life, and before his death he swore that he would never lie down in the prison of Chinese, so he stood against the wall and died. This is also a great encouragement to others who are also being held in prison);
Sorin Tenzin (1885-1924, Mongolian revolutionary, former Chairman of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party);
Elbegdorji Rinchenno (1888–1938, politician of the Mongolian People's Republic, one of the founders of the Mongolian People's Republic);
Doug Som Baudo (1895-1922, Prime Minister of Mongolia from 1921-1922), a lama before assuming secular office, later became one of the founders of the Mongolian People's Party. ）；
Hollo Chobashan (08 February 1895 – 26 January 1952, communist leader of the Mongolian People's Republic from the 1930s);
Dahi Dorji Nachuk Dorji (17 November 1906 – 13 May 1937, Mongolian poet, writer and screenwriter);