The day after the signing ceremony of the surrender ceremony of the Japanese army in the Chinese theater, the anti-Japanese generals in Nanjing took a group photo
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its surrender.
On September 2, aboard the USS Missouri, Aoi Shigemitsu, plenipotentiary of the Japanese government, and Mijiro Umezu, plenipotentiary of the Japanese headquarters, signed the instrument of surrender, announcing Japan's unconditional surrender:
"It is hereby announced that all Japanese armies, whether at the base camp of the Empire of Japan or anywhere, and all armies under the control of the Japanese State, shall surrender unconditionally to the United Nations."
At the end of the landing ceremony, more than a thousand US military planes flew over the "Missouri" and flew over Tokyo, Japan, to show their might...
At this time, according to the prior agreement, the representatives of the victorious countries against Japan, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union signed and issued an agreement on the division of the areas of the surrendered Japanese army:
First, the U.S. Pacific Army General Command was responsible for accepting the surrender of Japanese forces on the Japanese mainland, south of the Korean Peninsula at 38 degrees north latitude, and in the Philippines.
Second, the U.S. Navy's Pacific Fleet accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces in the Pacific Islands.
Third, the British and Australian armies accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces in the Malay Peninsula, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, Niliba, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam south of 17 degrees north latitude.
Fourth, the Soviet army accepted the surrender of the Japanese army in the three northeastern provinces of China, southern Sakhalin Island, and the area north of the Korean Peninsula north of 38 degrees north latitude.
Fifth, the Chinese army accepted the surrender of the local Japanese army in the Chinese theater of operations in the three eastern provinces, including the 17th parallel north of Vietnam, and the areas of Taiwan and Penghu.
On September 3, China celebrated the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
On this day, the Chongqing side began to make comprehensive arrangements and implement the surrender of the Chinese theater in accordance with the agreement between China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union on the surrender of japanese troops.
The acceptance of japanese surrenders in Chinese theaters has actually been unfolding since the Japanese announced their surrender on August 15 with vague diplomatic rhetoric.
At that time, after Japan announced its surrender, Chiang Kai-shek, in the name of the supreme commander of the Allied Chinese Theater, issued the first order to Okamura Ningji, commander-in-chief of the Japanese army invading China in Nanjing.
The order demanded that Okamura Ninji restrain his troops and strictly order the Japanese army to stop all military operations, and at the same time, Okamura Ninji should send a representative to Yushan as soon as possible to negotiate surrender with He Yingqin, the commander-in-chief of the Chinese Army.
The day Chiang Kai-shek's order was issued coincided with a sudden rainstorm in Yushan, which washed away the Yushan airport.
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek called Okamura Ningji on the 18th, amending the order, asking Okamura Ningji to send a representative at Zhijiang Airport on the 21st to negotiate the surrender of the Japanese army invading China.
On September 2, 1945, the USS Missouri, Plenipotentiary of the Japanese Army Headquarters, Umezu Mijiro, signed the surrender.
In this regard, He Yingqin, commander-in-chief of the Chinese Army, was ordered by Chiang Kai-shek to fly from Chongqing to Zhijiang, responsible for negotiations with Japan, fully responsible for accepting the surrender of the Japanese army invading China, and undertaking the following tasks:
First, the surrender of the Japanese army in the Chinese theater;
Second, it directed and coordinated the various theaters and fronts in the Chinese theater, and the sub-districts accepted the surrender of the Japanese army in batches.
Third, the supreme commander of the Japanese army in the Chinese theater issued an order to direct the full surrender of the Japanese army.
Fourth, in cooperation with the US military and the Allied forces, we will handle and coordinate the transfer and defense of the allied occupied areas in China and the placement of the surrendered Japanese troops.
Fifth, the recovery of refugee relief and transportation communications, municipal facilities and other matters in the recovered areas.
Sixth, the sub-district handled in batches the matters of receiving the surrender of various puppet armies, dispatching and punishing puppet troops who violated orders and traitors.
Seventh, it is necessary to quickly dispose of the puppet government in Nanjing, rectify and restore order in Nanjing, and prepare for the return of the capital to Nanjing.
Eighth, while accepting the surrender of the Japanese army, it mobilized the army to occupy various military, political, economic, and communication points in the Chinese theater in order to control and restore the strategic order in the Chinese theater.
Ninth, troops who accept the surrender of the Japanese army without the permission of the state government and are deemed to have disrupted the surrender plan should be reported for punishment at any time.
Tenth, if the Japanese army surrenders to the Chinese non-designated troops without authorization during the surrender, gives way to defense, or does not respect our army's orders during the surrender, it may impose force sanctions, and at the same time, it may exercise the right to dispose of the commander or supreme commander of the Japanese army who violates the order.
Eleventh, to guide, supervise, and handle the party and government affairs in the recovery area with full authority.
Twelfth, the field armies of each theater were uniformly commanded to march toward the retaken and surrendered areas.
And so on, He Yingqin was the supreme commander in charge of the specific matters of the surrender of the Japanese army in the Chinese theater.
On August 20, He Yingqin, commander-in-chief of the Chinese Theater Army, together with Xiao Yisu, chief of staff of the General Headquarters of the Chinese Theater Army, and more than 30 staff members and retinues flew from Chongqing Coral Dam Airport to Zhijiang to set up the Forward Command of the General Headquarters of the Chinese Army.
On the same day, Leng Xin, the general headquarters of the Chinese Theater Army, lu Han, Zhang Fakui, and Tang Enbo, chief officers of various theaters and fronts, as well as more than 200 Chinese and foreign journalists, also came to Zhijiang.
On August 21, three Mustang fighters of the Chinese and US Air Forces took off from Zhijiang Airport to the skies over Changde to guide representatives of the Japanese invading Japanese army sent by Okamura Ningji to Fly to Zhijiang for negotiations.
At 2:30 p.m., Xiao Yisu, on behalf of He Yingqin, received representatives of the Japanese army at the Wanshou Palace Hall on Nanzheng Street in Zhijiang City.
Zhijiang Descending Ceremony Venue.
The ceremony of the zhijiang descent began.
At that time, the statue of Sun Yat-sen and the flag of the Kuomintang were hung on the front of the hall of the Wanshou Palace, and the national flags of China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union were hung on the opposite wall.
Behind the slightly smaller table opposite, it is set up as the seat of the Japanese representative.
At that time, the Japanese representative Takeo Imai, Hashijima, Maekawa, and the interpreter Kimura entered the hall, that is, they lined up in a horizontal line to bow to Xiao Yisu and others.
Xiao Yisu briefly introduced himself and Leng Xin and others, that is, ordered Takeo Imai to submit a mission certificate, and then asked questions about the current deployment of the Japanese army.
Takeo Imai answered Xiao Yisu's questions and presented Xiao Yisu with the number of Japanese troops invading China, units, numbers, and garrisons, and other relevant maps, tables, and so on.
Xiao Yisu then read out He Yingqin's first post-memorandum to Okamura Ningci and the distribution table of the commanders of the Nationalist army in various theaters of operations in the Chinese theater.
These documents were signed and received by Takeo Imai and were responsible for forwarding them to Okamura Ninji for execution.
At 1:30 p.m. on the 23rd, He Yingqin met with Anderson Imai and representatives of the Japanese army in the living room of the Forward Headquarters of the Zhijiang Army General Headquarters:
"The Commander-in-Chief has decided to begin airlifting troops to Nanjing after the 26th of this month and before the 30th of this month, and asks your officer to convey to General Okamura Ningji to prepare everything."
In this regard, the representatives of the Japanese army flew back to Nanjing to resume their lives at the end of the surrender.
Since then, according to the agreement between China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union on the surrender of Japanese troops and the content of the Zhijiang river, the Chongqing side has adjusted and clarified the surrender plan formulated by the Chongqing side on August 23 to divide the country into 16 surrendered areas.
This plan made detailed arrangements for the commanders of various theaters on the Nationalist side, the commanders of various armies, and the navy and air force sent to the 16 surrendered areas.
First, in the Northern Vietnamese region, Lu Han, commander of the Army's 1st Front, was appointed as the chief officer of the surrender, responsible for the surrender of the Japanese army in the area north of the 16th degree north latitude of Vietnam.
The Japanese surrender was represented by the commander of the Japanese 38th Army, Tsuchihashi.
The second is the Guangzhou area, where Zhang Fakui, commander of the 2nd Front of the Army, is appointed as the chief officer of the surrender, responsible for accepting the surrender of the Japanese army in Guangzhou, Hong Kong, the Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island and other places.
The Japanese surrender was represented by Yoshiichi Tanaka, commander of the Japanese 23rd Army.
Third, in the Shantou region, Yu Hanmou, commander of the 7th Theater of Operations, was appointed as the chief officer of the surrender, responsible for the surrender of the Japanese army in Shantou, Huizhou, Qujiang, Chaozhou and other places.
Okamura Ningji, who had descended to zhijiang, represented Takeo Imai and others.
Fourth, in the Changheng area, Wang Yaowu, commander of the 4th Front of the Army, was appointed as the chief officer of the surrender, responsible for the surrender of the Japanese army in Changsha, Hengyang, Yueyang and other places.
The Japanese surrender was represented by the commander of the 20th Army, Itanishi Kazuryo.
Fifth, in the Jiujiang area of Nanchang, Xue Yue, commander of the 9th Theater of Operations, was appointed as the chief officer
The Jiujiang area of Nanchang is the main battlefield of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and has a wide area. To this end, Xue Yue divided Nanchang and Jiujiang into two surrendered areas, and led his troops into the Nanchang area with Lu Daoyuan, commander of the 58th Army, to accept the surrender of the Japanese army; Yang Hongguang, commander of the newly organized 3rd Army, led his troops into the Jiujiang area to accept the surrender of the Japanese army.
The Japanese surrender was represented by Yukio Kasahara, commander of the 11th Army.
Sixth, Hangzhou Xiamen area. Gu Zhutong, commander of the 3rd Theater of Operations, was appointed as the chief officer of the demotion and accepted the surrender of the Japanese troops in Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Jinhua, Xiamen and other places.
The Japanese surrender was represented by the commander of the 13th Army, Matsui Tataro.
Seventh, in the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou area, Tang Enbo, commander of the 3rd Front of the Army, was appointed as the chief officer of the demotion, and commanded China's most elite New 6th Army and the 74th Army at that time to enter the Nanjing and Shanghai areas to accept the surrender of the Japanese army.
The Japanese surrender was represented by Jiro Tokawa, commander of the 6th Army, and Tataro Matsui, commander of the 13th Army.
After the end of the Zhijiang negotiations, Zhang Xuezhong, deputy commander of the 3rd Front And Director of the Forward Command Post, Zheng Dongguo, deputy commander, and Di Bass, chief of staff of the US Liaison Command, flew from Liuzhou to Shanghai to set up a forward command post.
At the same time, Tang Enbo also rushed to Nanjing before He Yingqin, and focused on deploying and commanding the New 6th Army and the 74th Army into Nanjing.
Eighth, the Wuhan area, with Sun Weiru, commander of the 6th Theater of Operations, as the surrendered chief officer, accepted the surrender of the Japanese army in the Wuhan area.
The Japanese surrender was represented by naosaburo Okabe, commander of the 6th Front.
In the ninth place, the Xu Beng region, with Li Pinxian, commander of the 10th Theater of Operations, was appointed as the chief officer of the surrender and accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces in Xuzhou, Haizhou, Bengbu, Anqing and other places.
The Japanese surrender was represented by Jiro Togawa, commander of the 6th Army.
In the Tenth Region of Pingjin, Sun Lianzhong, commander of the 11th Theater of Operations, served as the chief officer of the surrender, accepting the surrender of the Japanese forces in Pingjin and the northern and central Hebei regions.
The japanese surrender was represented by the commander of the Mongolian Frontier Army and the North China Front, Genjihiro.
In the Eleventh Region of Jinan, Li Yannian, deputy commander of the 11th Theater and commander of the Shandong Advance Army, was appointed as the chief officer of the demotion, responsible for accepting the surrender of the Japanese forces in Jinan, Qingdao, And Dezhou.
The Japanese surrender was represented by the commander of the 43rd Army, Hosokawa Tadaoyasu.
Japanese anti-aircraft artillery units to be surrendered. After the surrender of the Japanese army, the surrender of the Japanese army and the acceptance of the Japanese military defense zone, weapons, and equipment became one of the main differences in the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Chongqing.
In the twelfth area of Zhengzhou, with Hu Zongnan, commander of the 1st Theater of Operations, as the commander of the surrender, he was responsible for accepting the surrender of the Japanese forces in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinxiang and other places.
The Japanese surrender was represented by Takashi Takamori, commander of the 12th Army.
In the thirteenth region of Nanyang, Liu Zhi, commander of the 5th Theater of Operations, was appointed as the chief officer of the surrender, responsible for accepting the surrender of the Japanese forces in Nanyang, Xuchang, Shangqiu and other places.
In the fourteenth region of Shanxi, Yan Xishan, commander of the 2nd Theater of Operations, was the commander of the surrender, who was responsible for accepting the surrender of the Japanese army in Shanxi.
The Japanese surrender was represented by the commander of the 1st Army, Sakushiro Sumita.
In the fifteenth region, the Rechatsui region, fu Zuoyi, commander of the 12th Theater of Operations, was appointed as the chief officer of the demotion, and the surrender of the Japanese army in the Rechasui area was uniformly accepted.
The representative of the Japanese surrender was the commander of the Japanese Mongolian Frontier Army and the North China Front.
In the Sixteenth Region of Taiwan and Penghu, Chen Yi, the chief executive of Taiwan and commander of the Taiwan Garrison, was appointed as the chief officer of the demotion.
The Japanese surrender was represented by the commander of the 10th Front, Antengy.
At this point, the Chongqing side divided the big cake of China's victory in the War of Resistance, but did not consider the share of Yan'an, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, which caused major differences between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the Chongqing negotiations that began on August 29, 1945.
Looking back at history now, it is not difficult to find that Chongqing's division of the surrendered areas at the time of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression can be described as one of the direct triggers of the second Kuomintang-Communist civil war.
Gossip, back to the point.
The Eighth Route Army entered Yantai.
At the same time that Tang Enbo, commander of the Army's 3rd Front, commanded China's most elite new 6th Army and 74th Army to enter the Nanjing and Shanghai areas, He Yingqin, known as the lone army in Jiangnan, led his troops into Nanjing, chen Yuntai, commander-in-chief of the General Headquarters of the Advancing Army in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River who had been guerrilla warfare in the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Theater.
As a result, after Japan's surrender, more than 2,000 officers and men of the Two Huai Taxation Police Corps became one of the first Chinese troops to enter Nanjing.
At 2 p.m. on August 27, Leng Xin, deputy chief of staff of the Army General Headquarters, led 159 officers and men to fly from Zhijiang to Nanjing in 7 planes, and set up a forward command post at Sun Ke's residence in Nanjing.
The next morning, Leng Xin and Okamura Ningji held their first meeting. He handed over Memorandum No. 6-13 from He Yingqin to Okamura Ningji and instructed Okamura Ningji to comply with it.
At 12:00 noon on 8 September, He Yingqin, Cai Wenzhi, Niu Xianming, Zhang Tingmeng, Gu Zhenggang, Ding Weifen, commander of the US Army's War Department, and other senior Allied officers flew to the Nanjing Colonel's airport and were warmly welcomed by Tang Enbo, Zheng Dongguo, Liao Yaoxiang, and other senior officers of the 3rd Front of the Army, as well as representatives from all walks of life in Nanjing.
At 3 p.m., He Yingqin took a short rest, then held a meeting of senior military and political officials in Ningbo at the Inspirational Society, and after listening to Tang Enbo and Liao Yaoxiang's Nanjing security situation, he listened to and determined the report on the preparations for the surrender of Xiao Yisu, Leng Xin, and others and the plan for signing the 99th grand ceremony.
In the evening, the atmosphere in Nanjing was warm, and He Yingqin held a Press Conference at Home and abroad to formally announce the establishment of the Forward Command of the General Headquarters of the Chinese Army at the Nanjing Central Military Academy.
On September 9, 1945, the signing ceremony of the surrender of the Japanese army in the Chinese theater was held in Nanjing, and the picture shows he Yingqin (front right), the representative of the Chinese surrender, signing the Japanese surrender document.
At the same time, at 9 a.m. on the 9th, a ceremony for signing the surrender will be held in the auditorium of the Central Military Academy.
On this day, Nanjing did not sleep all night.
On September 9, the signing ceremony of the surrender of the Japanese army in the Chinese theater was held in the auditorium of the Central Military Academy.
At that time, at the intersection of Huangpu Road leading to the auditorium of the Central Military Academy, a tall archway made of pine and cypress was built, and the golden characters of "Victory and Peace" were written on the upper floor.
From the archway to the gate of the Central Military Academy, on both sides of the road, every 10 meters, a tricolor flagpole painted with blue, white and red is erected to hang the flag of China and the flags of allied countries. Under the banner, it is loaded with live ammunition, wearing a steel helmet, pedal shoes, wearing a military uniform, holding a submachine gun, and a mighty escort.
Such a road leads to the gate of the Central Military Academy.
Above the gate of the military academy, a banner with white characters on a blue background of "China's Army General Headquarters" is hung, and outside the door, there is a archway with a huge red "v" embedded on the top and a red cloth banner "The Venue for the Signing Ceremony of Japan's Surrender in the Chinese Theater" hanging below.
Enter the auditorium of the military academy, the portrait of Dr. Sun Yat-sen hangs in the middle of the auditorium, the Kuomintang flag and the national flag on both sides, and the heads of the leaders of China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union on the opposite wall.
Inside the auditorium, the surrounding buildings are surrounded by blue, white and red cloth, and a few meters apart, the flags of the United States, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United Nations are inserted
The long table under the portrait of Dr. Sun Yat-sen is a surrendered seat.
Opposite the long table, it is a surrender seat.
On the left and right sides of the demoted seats, they are divided into spectator seats and Chinese and foreign journalist seats. Upstairs, there are spectators and officials from all walks of life in Nanjing.
At 8:52, He Yingqin entered the venue from the lounge. Behind him were Chen Shaokuan, commander-in-chief of the Navy, Gu Zhutong, commander of the 3rd Theater, Xiao Yisu, commander of the Army, and Zhang Tingmeng, commander of the 1st Route Army of the Air Force.
After they sat down, at 8:58 a.m., Lieutenant General Wang Jun, deputy director of the Military Training Department, guided the surrender representatives of the Japanese army, and 7 people, including The Supreme Commander of the Japanese Army invading China, General Ninji Okamura, and his chief of the general staff, Asaburo Kobayashi, entered the meeting.
After entering the venue, they went to the front of the surrender platform first, and bowed to He Yingqin and others in a horizontal line, and after He Yingqin was in arrears, Okamura Ningji immediately unsheathed his saber and handed it to Kobayashi Asaburo, and offered He Yingqin with both hands to show that the million Japanese troops invading China surrendered their weapons and surrendered.
When He Yingqin took over the saber, it was 9 o'clock on September 9, 1945, which coincided with the "Three-Nine Good Day" that traditional Chinese culture believes.
In this regard, He Yingqin took the saber and ordered Okamura Ningji to hand over the representative's certificate of surrender.
Okamura bowed again and presented his hands with relevant documents such as the certificate of plenipotentiary entrustment granted to the representatives of the Japanese base camp. After Reading it, He Yingqin handed over two copies of the two texts drawn up in China and Japan to Okamura Ningji for reading and signing.
On September 9, 1945, the signing ceremony of the surrender of the Japanese army in the Chinese theater was held in Nanjing. He Yingqin, a representative of the Chinese side and commander-in-chief of the army, presided over the surrender ceremony. The representative of the Surrender of Japan in the Chinese Theater and the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Army, Ninji Okamura, signed the instrument of surrender.
After that, Okamura Ningji signed and stamped the certificate of receipt of the letter with a brush, and presented He Yingqin's signature with both hands.
After He Yingqin signed it, he handed over a copy of the Chinese-Japanese surrender letter to Okamura Ningji for collection. He also handed over the first order of Chiang Kai-shek, the supreme commander of the Chinese theater, to Okamura Ningji to follow.
Okamura read the order and signed the acceptance document, which was handed over to Kobayashi Asaburo to forward to He Yingqin.
He Yingqin reviewed it correctly, that is, ordered Okamura Ningji and 7 other sports troops to surrender and retire.
At this point, the signing ceremony of the surrender of the Japanese army invading China ended, and the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression came to an end.
On this day, the news of the signing and surrender of the Japanese army invading China spread throughout the major cities in China, and people held grand celebrations for this purpose.
At that time, the Chinese in Yan'an or Chongqing experienced eight years of war of resistance and finally won a bitter victory, they deeply felt that the victory was difficult, the sacrifice was painful, and everyone's feelings were tears and songs, and they celebrated all night.
Therefore, the day of September 9 was finally fixed as an unforgettable day that belonged to Chinese history.