Since ancient times, soldiers have been much more "dancing knives and guns", but civilian jobs are the livelihood of those sour rotten literati who "only play tricks". In the revolutionary history of New China, most of the marshals and generals were poor peasants, who led soldiers to fight and killed the enemy.
They were born into death, and they were not afraid to face the enemy's swords and guns, but they became more and more courageous, repeatedly made battle achievements, and finally won one medal after another in their life history. Their names are also easy to remember, and the Ten Marshals needless to say, like General Su Yu, Lieutenant General Wang Jinshan, Major General Wang Fuzhi, and so on.
But the general we are going to introduce today is a little different, first of all, he is not from a mud-legged background, but from a scholarly family, whether it is his own class and the social resources he holds are far more than many people at that time; secondly, his position is not on the battlefield of fighting and killing, but in the classroom and in books. Who is he?
Yes, if some friends pay more attention to some of the history of the founding general, they will not hesitate to say his name, he is the "officer professor" known as Major General Tao Hanzhang.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, born in Xiangmendi, from the battlefield of the Rong Revolution</h1>
General Tao Hanzhang was born in 1917 in Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, a family of five generations of scholars, his grandfather once served as the prefect of zhili prefecture, for the official clean, honest, honest, deeply loved by the local people, even if he later resigned, he also did his best to help the people in his hometown.
His father, Tao Nanshan, was a neo-trend literati of the late Qing Dynasty, who was highly accomplished in poetry, literary endowment, archaeology, ink painting, and medical techniques. He also met Mr. Lu Xun during his medical studies in Dongdu Japan, and can certainly be a progressive young man with ideals and ambitions, but he died of an illness when General Tao was young, which is regrettable.
Inspired by the culture, sentiment and spirit of his grandfather, Tao Hanzhang worked very hard from an early age, and he not only read the Four Books and Five Classics of the Ancient Books, but also recited them, which laid a solid foundation for his later creation of military theory. However, in the old China, which was deeply trapped in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, it was impossible to drive away foreign enemies and solve internal worries by relying on the "Zhi Zhi" in the Four Books and Five Classics.
Therefore, after graduating from Hongdu Middle School, he resolutely chose to throw pens and be admitted to the Northwest Military Academy. Founded after General Feng Yuxiang's inspection of the Soviet Union, the school was a regular army academy at the time, training many famous military generals in the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and is also known as the cradle of the Northwest Army.
In 1933, because of his excellent grades in school, he was favored by the famous patriotic anti-Japanese general Ji Hongchang, so he was invited to serve as a staff officer of the anti-Japanese allied army headquarters at that time and began to oppose Chiang Kai-shek and resist Japan. In the same year he joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and joined the Communist Party of China two years later. In this early life trajectory, he can not only see his lofty ideal of patriotism for the people, but also glimpse the choice and foresight of the general, which is very rare. Because with his talent and position, it is more difficult to choose to join the revolution than for those who are homeless and have lost their families to join the army. Thus, his strategic and tactical thinking about the future was already at the foreshadowing of his own life choices.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, a letter from the Kuomintang district changed his life</h1>
Under the double oppression of the Japanese army and the Kuomintang army, the Northwest Army was attacked by the enemy, and eventually General Ji Hongchang was killed, and the anti-Japanese allied army suffered heavy losses, and Tao Hanzhang was tossed around for a while, not knowing which revolutionary force to rely on to truly save China. In the end, he chose the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, which revolted in Nanchang.
As soon as Tao Hanzhang entered the Red Army, he was taken in by Ren Bishi, who was then the political commissar, because he had rich knowledge, had spent time in an officer school, and had a relatively high quality in military theory, and was assigned to the fourth branch of the Red Army to engage in political propaganda and teaching work, mainly teaching class, platoon, and company tactics and individual soldier techniques. After the failure of the fifth "anti-encirclement and suppression" campaign, he followed the Red Second Front on the Long March.
In the autumn of 1935, he was promoted to battalion commander of the Red Second Front's instruction battalion for his outstanding performance. Originally, in this form of development, Tao Hanzhang would still be able to do a career on the battlefield of swords and guns in the future, but a letter from the Kuomintang area completely changed the trajectory of his life.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Tao Hanzhang followed the headquarters to the anti-Japanese front in North China. One day, he received a letter from the Kuomintang District, hoping that the Eighth Route Army would provide the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians with a book on guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, written by Zou Taofen of the Sanlian Bookstore. At that time, most of the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army were poor peasants, let alone writing books, that is, literacy was difficult, this person named Zou Taofen was afraid that he did not deliberately come to tease us, right?
When the leaders were in a dilemma and did not know how to be good, someone recommended that "Tao Hanzhang has read books and can write, let him try." This statement does not matter, Tao Hanzhang after 3 months, wrote a 170,000-word manuscript, and then sent to the Sanlian Book Society, Zou Tao was overjoyed, shouting talent. Who is this Zou Taofen? It turned out that he had been the editor-in-chief of Life Weekly, a well-known patriotic journalist and publisher, a representative of an important anti-Japanese patriotic force in the Kuomintang area at that time, and a person who had intersected with some celebrities such as Song Meiling and He Xiangning. The works that General Tao Hanzhang casually promised to complete could arouse the appreciation and attention of this heavyweight, and also caused a lot of sensations within the Eighth Route Army.
After this incident, the organization cherished his military theoretical ability more and more, and began to train him in a planned manner; successively appointed him as the chief of the education section and the deputy director of the training department of the Second Branch of the Jin-Cha-Ji Base Area, and in the spring of 1943, he was appointed chief of staff of the Pingbei 12th Military Subdistrict of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the general served as chief of staff of the Third Column of the Jin-Cha-Ji Field Army, and participated in and commanded dozens of battles of all sizes, such as the Battle of Pinghan, the Battle of Datong, the Battle of Zhengtai, the Battle of Defending Zhangjiakou, the Battle of Zhengding, the Battle of North China, the Battle of North and South Bridgeheads, and the Battle of Xin'an. However, in the above-mentioned battles, the general did not lead the troops to kill the enemy as a vanguard general, but as a staff officer around the main commander and fighter, which can be described as "in the midst of planning, decisive victory thousands of miles away."
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, writing books and sayings, military theory works sell well abroad</h1>
During the Liberation War, General Tao Hanzhang wrote a large number of military works, such as "Tactical Problems in Offensive Battles", "Infantry DrillIng Method", "Wargame Theory", "Campaign Science is a Transitional Stage of Tactics", "Philosophy is also a part of Strategy", "Poets are often the ancestors of strategy", "Extracurricular Tutoring Problems", "Classroom Teaching Method" and so on. These books have greatly improved the military command ability of PLA generals and commanders and fighters, played an important role in winning the victory in the war of liberation, and can be said to have made indelible contributions to the creation of military theory in our country. However, the general's military theory not only influenced the country, but also spread abroad and was studied as a professional knowledge.
It has been reported that during the Gulf War, every U.S. Marine had a copy of Sun Tzu's Art of War next to his pillow to command and participate in actual combat. This "Art of War of Sun Tzu" is not "Sun Tzu's Art of War" in our traditional sense, but "Introduction to Sun Tzu's Art of War" that was revised and processed by General Tao Hanzhang and integrated into his own military thought. Since its publication in October 1985, the book has been translated from the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore and other countries, and published in dozens of countries around the world, which shows the popularity and influence of the general's military strategic thinking.
In 1973, with the approval of Marshal Ye Jianying, the general was appointed vice president of the Military and Political University and later vice president of the Military Academy. While teaching, he wrote books, and successively wrote academic works and papers such as "Discussion on the Characteristics of Modern Warfare", "Colleges and Universities Should Be in the Forefront of Training Reform", "Guidelines for Fighting in subtropical mountain jungles", and "Opinions on Establishing a Rapid Reaction Force". These military works have greatly filled the gap in military theory in the new era and new changes in New China, among which the "Guidelines for Fighting in subtropical mountains and jungles" were quickly used in actual combat, with remarkable results.
In 1979, the war of self-defense counterattack against Vietnam broke out, and at the beginning our army won one victory after another, some commanders began to be proud and complacent, and the words in the troops that "the Vietnamese army is not as strong as the army of the Kuomintang reactionaries" and "it will not take Hanoi in a week" and other arrogant and contemptuous remarks were made. At this time, the combat environment, climate and customs and customs have undergone tremendous changes, and although the Vietnamese army has been defeated and retreated, it has also caused heavy casualties to our People's Liberation Army by virtue of its natural geographical advantages and inhumane chemical weapons.
In view of this, General Tao Hanzhang, then vice president of the PLA Military and Political University, immediately published the book "Subtropical Jungle Operations" in the "PLA Daily" and distributed it to all the participating troops, effectively reducing casualties and making military theoretical arrangements for the subsequent withdrawal. This outstanding contribution was appreciated by Chairman Mao, who once said to the people around him about the general: "The revolutionary army is not full of mud legs, and I think hanzhang theory has a good grasp." ”
Although the general in his later years left the army, he still cared about the army and the country. His life is very regular, usually in addition to writing, but also pay attention to major events at home and abroad, every day to read the "People's Daily", "reference news", and even like to read "Writer's Digest", "Yanhuang Chunqiu" and other magazines. According to the general himself: "Live to learn from old age, and if people do not learn, they will regress!" ”
In 1955, General Tao Hanzhang was awarded the rank of major general, and in 2010, the general passed away.