"Flowers of water, land, grass and trees, very cute." Jin Tao Yuanming loves Juju alone. Since Li Tang came, the world has loved peonies. Give the only love lotus out of the mud and not stained, Mao Qing Lian and not demon, straight in the middle, not vines and branches, fragrant far away, pavilion pure plant, can be viewed from a distance and can not be blasphemed. ("Eileen Says")
In this passage of the Northern Song Dynasty Zhou Dunyi, take the following few sentences of "out of the mud without staining" to give lotus flowers. We are not theoreticians, Ai Lian does not have to have a statement, does not have to pretend to be high, does not have to think of a gentleman.
In fact, before the Song Dynasty, people only picked lotuses to like, only because the lotus flowers were beautiful.
Mr. Zhu Ziqing strolled by the lotus pond and suddenly remembered the matter of picking lotuses, "Picking lotuses is an old custom in Jiangnan, it seems to have existed very early, and the Six Dynasties were prosperous. From the poem, it can be roughly known that the lotus is picked by young women, who swing the boat and sing beautiful songs. Needless to say, there are many lotus pickers, and there are also people who watch lotus pickers. (Lotus Pond Moonlight)
Written by | Three books
01
Gangnam can pick lotus
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Gangnam
Gangnam can pick lotus,
Lotus leaf He TianTian.
Fish play between the lotus leaves.
Fish play lotus leaf east,
Fish play lotus leaf west,
Fish play lotus leaf south,
Fish play lotus leaf north.
This Han Le Fu Xiang and lyrics can be regarded as the originator of the lotus poem. Looking at the text now, you can vaguely imagine the situation of picking lotuses at that time. Although the music has long been lost, the lyrics still have the rhythm and atmosphere of the music. It is not difficult to guess that the first three sentences are the lead singer, and the last four sentences are harmonies.
If you use musicality as a punctuation of the lyrics, you may also be able to present it like this:
"Jiangnan can pick lotus, lotus leaf He Tiantian."
Fish playing between the lotus leaves——
Fish play lotus leaf east, fish play lotus leaf west, fish play lotus leaf south, fish play lotus leaf north. ”
Picking lotuses is indeed an old custom in Jiangnan, which has existed since the Han Dynasty and was especially prosperous during the Six Dynasties. However, the lotus picking sung by han le fu is actually different from the lotus picking given by the Liangyuan Emperor Xiao Xuan's "Picking Lotus Fu", the former is a folk collective labor scene, and the latter is a cultural and entertainment activity of the demon boy and the girl.
The whole song of "Jiangnan Kecai Lotus" is simple and lively, and the folk song atmosphere is full of breath. In the words, I see only leaves, not flowers; I see only fish, not people. Why? The anecdote author who first sang these sentences heard the natural sound in the light of the lotus, so he was moved by emotion and took shape in words.
Let's start with the leaves. People who have seen lotus ponds know what is called "Lotus Leaf He Tian Tian", and there is no need to clumsily explain it with other words here, such as some books interpret it as "Lush", and "Pi Di Ren Ren" is also interpreted as Mao Sheng, Tian Tian and Ren Ren, don't you agree? "Tian Tian" is a very accurate image, and other words will only dilute and divert this beauty. We love to see lotus flowers, and we also love to see lotus leaf fields. In other grasses and trees, green leaves are often the foil of flowers, but lotus leaves are as beautiful as lotus flowers.
In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin had a poem "Giving Lotus Flowers", which said: "The flowers and leaves in the world are not compatible, and the flowers are dusted by the golden pots and leaves."
Only the green lotus red han, the curl shu open and close Ren naïve. This flower and this leaf often reflect each other, and the green reduces the red and decays and kills people. "Yishan's vision is really keen, the intention is novel, give lotus flowers without forgetting the lotus leaves, the flowers and leaves in the world can not be compared, only green lotus red lotus and beauty and common prosperity." And when it withers, it is not green fat and red thin, but green and red decay together.
Imagine a large lotus flower swinging, the lotus picker rowing a boat, wandering among the lotus leaves in the field, the underwater fish gently shuttle, saying that it is labor, saying that it is not indispensable to swim, who does not want to sing at this time?
"Fish play between the lotus leaves", I am not a fish, but also know the joy of fish. To write about fish is to write about people, and to see fish is to see people happy. How's it going to be fun? "Fish play lotus leaf east, fish play lotus leaf west, fish play lotus leaf south, fish play lotus leaf north", intertextual, lively music rhythm, bright and joyful scenery.
Intertextual repetition is a rhetorical device rather a natural outpouring of human emotions. In Yin Shangbu's speech, there is: "癸卯布." Rain today? Its rain from the west? Its rain from the east? Rain from the north? It's raining from the south?" Similarly, in the four directions of east, west, south and north, it sets off the longing mood of waiting for rain and rain.
For this lyric, we can also imagine more ways to interpret it. For example, the harmony part can be sung in unison, and different voices can be sung in unison, echoing each other and interlacing loops, and the song ripples on the lotus pond.
Chandu's Lotus Picking Diagram
02
You are picking lotuses, and the people who watch the lotus pickers look at you on the shore
"Lotus Picking Song"
(Tang) Li Bai
Lotus girls on the banks of Ruoye Creek laugh and talk together with lotus flowers.
The sunshine new makeup is bright under the water, and the wind is wafting in the air.
On the shore who is the home of Ye Lang, three three five five reflects the Yang.
The purple mule hissed into the falling flowers, and saw this stumbling empty intestine.
Lotus flowers are good-looking, so are people who pick lotuses, and there are people who watch lotus picking.
Cailian qu belongs to the Southern Dynasty Lefu Qing Shang qu, which originated from the father and son of Emperor Xiao Yan of Liangwu. Taibai this word, a piece of divine action, taking the scene, swaying posture, covered in the roaming huijian period.
The words "Ruoye Creek" have already made people feel beautiful, and other streams are not impossible, but invisibly lack the blessing of Xi Shi, so it is best to enter the poem or Ruoye Creek.
The lotus-picking woman by the stream is not in front of her eyes, but "laughing at the lotus flowers and speaking together". The girls were huddled behind lotus flowers and whispered and laughed softly to each other. Wouldn't it be more beautiful to add a sense of mystery? If there is a painting in the poem, how should this sentence be drawn? Very bad at painting.
Three or four sentences glimpse the gods, beautiful scenery, vivid and fragrant. It is still not illuminated, but its bright light and shadow can be seen in the water, that is, "the new makeup of the sunshine is bright under the water". When they pick lotuses, they raise their arms, and the sleeves flutter in the wind, that is, "the wind flutters in the air". In the "Xizhou Song", there is: "Picking lotuses in the autumn of Nantang, the lotus flowers are over the heads." Look down at the lotus seeds, and the lotus seeds are as clear as water. The lotus flowers on the banks of Ruoye Creek also seem to be "over the head", and the lotus picking woman has never appeared between the flowers and leaves.
Could it be that these girls know someone is watching? Taibai then wrote about the person who watched the lotus. "Whoever travels on the shore, three three five five reflects the Yang", with the gongzi and red makeup, there is a story, here is not only the lotus picking. Taibai arranged the background beautifully, so that the gongzi three or five were hidden in the weeping Yang. Other trees are not nothing, or can not hide the flash, or obstruct the line of sight, not as beautiful as the weeping willow. These two sentences should look good when drawn.
Lotus picking is different from picking mulberry. Picking mulberry is labor, and in the fields of Strangers, it is easy to be played with by frivolous children, such as the Luoshi women and the Qiuhu women. Picking lotuses is more like a landscape, and it is in a boat on the water, but it can be viewed from a distance, and it is difficult for the viewer to flirt with each other in front of him.
You Yelang hid behind Weeping Yang, never saying a word, it was about sunset, and only then did he hiss into the falling flowers. So far, it seems to be the poet's omniscient perspective, and the last sentence, "See this stumbling and empty intestines", can continue to be the poet's observation and sigh for them. But could it be the perspective of the characters in the story? Who sees this hesitation? Who has an empty bowel? The perspective doesn't seem so clear.
Classical poetry often omits the subject and presents the situation in an intuitive and simultaneous manner, which not only avoids human interference, but also enables poetry to have a holographic multiple perspective like life itself. The ambiguity of the semantic logic of poetry is precisely the invitation to the reader's imagination to participate.
Following the context of the previous sentence, it should be You Yelang who sees this and the empty intestines, which is a perspective. But poetry doesn't have to follow linear semantic logic, it can jump, like a montage clip in a movie, switch between picture and perspective, and create more meaning through this switch.
You Yelang is hidden under the weeping yang, how can the lotus picking girl not know? Distance between each other, across the lotus flower, the pulse of the stop ceremony, is not also a kind of affection? Zi Lu hissed, stepping on the flowers and leaving, why not the lotus picking woman listening and watching? Then seeing this and stomping on the empty intestines can also be a lotus picking woman, perhaps this perspective is more meaningful. Of course, there are also several perspectives that can be exchanged, which can add a lot of fun to our poetry reading.
Ming Chen Chun's "Lotus Picking Diagram" (partial)
03
Lotus seemed to be about to speak
"Song of The Water"
In the autumn moon of the water, the South Lake picks white apples.
The lotus flower is delicate and worried about killing the boat people.
The song of Shuishui is the name of the ancient music house, and the Taibai music house often uses ancient inscriptions to write what they see, which is actually the will of "Picking Lotus". The water is clear water, which is more clear under the moon on the autumn night. Some versions change the "autumn moon" to "autumn day", the autumn day is clear, the lake is not beautiful, but it is not as clear as the moon. Shuishui, autumn moon, South Lake, white apple, these words seem to come from fragments of ancient myths, trying to bring us back to that trance night.
In classical poetry, the white apple always carries sorrow, just like the frost moon and the reed flower, and their white diffuses the sorrow of time, such as Wen Tingjun's "The veins of the oblique veins are leisurely, the intestines are broken, the intestines are broken," and Du Fu's "Spring goes to the spring to the cave, and the white apple kills the white-headed man". These cold things remind people of the white head, and think of the long wait when the years are suddenly late.
"Lotus flower lustful words", the third sentence turns abruptly. Originally in the cherry, although the background color has a faint layer of sadness, but after all, it is still quite calm, suddenly saw the lotus, so the heart was confused, this lotus seems to be about to speak.
The grass and trees in Taibai's poems often seem to want to speak, such as "the east wind moves a hundred things, the grass and trees want to speak", and when the east wind blows, the grass and trees want to speak. Isn't the new shoot popping out of the spring branch a phrase that has just reached the lips?
The lotus flowers here are so delicate that you can almost hear them. What does it want to say? Only by hearing what Lotus said can we understand why the boatman is worried about killing.
It is very likely that when Taibai wrote this poem, he thought of Liu Yun's "Jiangnan Qu" of the Southern Dynasty: "Tingzhou picks white apples, and the sunset is in the spring of Jiangnan." There are returnees in the cave court, and Xiao Xiang meets the deceased. Why don't the old people return, and the spring flowers should be late. Don't be new and happy, just talk and deeds are far away. "It is also a white apple, and this poem is more elegant. The woman who picked the apple met a passerby who returned from Dongting Lake, and he said that he had seen your lover in the Xiaoxiang area, that is, the so-called "old man" in the poem, and was indeed the old man. The woman asked the deceased why he did not come back, he did not come back again, the spring flowers are going to fall again, the passerby said that it was only because the distance was too far, but she knew that it was actually the deceased who had a new love.
With the help of the intertext with The Willow Poetry, we may hear what the lotus flower has to say: a whisper of autumn, a moon-like sound. In the Taibai poem, the messenger that the apple-picking woman meets is not a passerby, but a lotus flower. In fact, everything speaks, and only at some point, unexpectedly, do you hear them. A flower, a tree, a table, a stone, a building... Whoever you hear speaks, you are who you are.
Zhang Daqian, "Lotus Picking Diagram"
04
Cailian turns everything into poetry
"Two Lotus Picking Songs"
(Tang) Wang Changling
Wu Jiyue Yan Princess Chu, competing for lotus boat water wet clothes.
When the Pukou flowers came in, they were sent home in the first month of the river.
The lotus dress is cut in one color, and the hibiscus opens to the sides of the face.
I can't see it in the pool, and I feel that someone is coming when I hear the song.
In ancient times, the three kingdoms of Wu, Yue and Chu were very popular in picking lotuses, so "Wu Ji Yue Yan Chu Princess", including the beauty of the lotus picking women in Jiangnan. They swung the boats, frolicked on the water among the flowers, and wet their clothes. "Scrambling for lotus boat water wet clothes", you can faintly hear the laughter and sound, a little dyeing, not much to say.
The last two sentences come and go. Women are picking lotuses together, and their fun is picking lotuses, and they are also on the way back and forth. "When the Pukou flowers come in", they arrive happily; "Pick up the first moon of the river and send them back", and return comfortably. Flowers are sent to the moon, and the lotus turns everything into poetry.
Tao Yuanming planted beans south of the mountain, the grass was full of beans and seedlings, he went to the field to hoe grass, worked all day, but the poem did not mention anything about this, only wrote about the way and the way back, "morning xing rational absurdity, with the moon lotus hoe return." Ouyang Xiu wrote about the Yingzhou people's Qingming tour of the West Lake, also omitting the middle, but writing about what the scene was on the way back and forth. Perhaps these poets are not all expressive, but only out of their true experience. Think about going to the market when you were a child, going to the theater, going to visit relatives, and the infinite scenery is different on the way back and forth.
The second poem writes from the perspective of a bystander about the beauty of the lotus girl like a flower. "The lotus leaf skirt is cut in one color, and the hibiscus opens to both sides of the face", people enter the flower bush, the luo skirt and the lotus leaf are the same color, the face is the same as the hibiscus, and it is not clear which is the flower and which is the person, so it is called "chaotic in". "When I heard the song, I felt that someone was coming", until I heard the song, I suddenly realized that the lotus people were rowing over.
There is a "Jasper Song" in Gule Province, which says: "Jasper little family daughter, come to marry the king of Runan." The lotus flowers are chaotic, and the lotus leaves are mixed with incense. Because of the recommendation of the gentleman, I would like to attack the hibiscus dress. "The song was written by the King of Song Runan of the Southern Dynasty, jasper was his concubine, beautiful as a lotus, born in a small family, married into the Houmen, and was deeply favored by the King of Runan.
The allusion to picking lotuses, the conditions of picking lotuses, have become a dream today, and I have long been blessed to be widowed and lonely in the postmodern era.
This article is exclusive original content. Author: Sanshu; Editor: Zhang Jin; Proofreader: Liu Baoqing. It shall not be reproduced without the written authorization of the Beijing News