"He ascended the throne at the age of eight, pro-government at the age of fourteen, and reigned for sixty-one years!" As the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history, Kangxi's life can be described as magnificent and long-winded! ”
"Capturing Aobai, Ping San Fan, Three Expeditions to Dzungar, East To Conquer Taiwan, West to Fu Tibetans, South to Destroy the Ming Dynasty, and North to Reject Tsarist Russia, laid the foundation for today's Chinese territory, cleared the way for the arrival of the Kangqian prosperous world, and also laid a century-old foundation for the Qing Dynasty, which later historians called "the Emperor of The Ages"!
Portrait of the Kangxi Emperor
In the first month of 1661, Kangxi was still an 8-year-old child, shaking his head in the study and reading the subset of the scriptures and history word by word with his master, he did not know that his name was being written on the legacy of the Shunzhi Emperor at this moment, and his life would usher in great changes!
In this year, the Shunzhi Emperor, who was only 24 years old, died suddenly of illness, and the court was honored by the highly respected Empress Xiaozhuang, who passed the throne to the three brothers Ai Xinjueluo Xuanye according to the will of the Shunzhi Emperor, and Xuan Ye, with the support of all the ministers, "inherited the Mandate of Heaven and the people's hearts", and was able to successfully succeed to the throne, becoming the second emperor after the Great Qing Dynasty entered the Customs, with the era name "Kangxi"!
Emperor Taiji's wife - Empress Xiaozhuangwen (outstanding female politician of the early Qing Dynasty)
Since the Kangxi Emperor was only eight years old, according to the Shunzhi Dynasty, the Assistant Chancellor was appointed to assist the Little Emperor, because the former Dorgon had the misfortune of monopolizing power, so the Shunzhi Emperor sealed four Auxiliary Ministers in his will, so that they could restrain each other and disperse their powers, these four Auxiliary Ministers were Sonny, Aobai, Suksaha, and Shubilong, and these four Auxiliary Ministers had important political affairs that had to be consulted by Empress Xiaozhuang to make decisions!
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Brief Introduction of the Kangxi Dynasty Auxiliary Chancellor
Herschel Sony
Manchu Zhenghuang Banner; Elder of the Four Dynasties; Head of the Four Auxiliary Ministers; Proficient in Manchu And Mongolian Script; Granddaughter as Empress;
Yehenara Sukhsaha
Manchu Zhengbai Banner; Denunciation of Dorgon's Meritorious Service; Nurhaci's grandson;
Niuhulu Shubilon
Manchu yellow flag; Nurhaci's grandson, whose father was One of the five founding ministers of the Qing Dynasty;
Guarja Aobai
The Manchus set up yellow flags; his uncle was Fei Yingdong, one of the five founding ministers of the Qing Dynasty; his military merit was outstanding, and he was given the title of "Batulu";
Among the four people, everyone must be most familiar with Aobai, so let's talk about Sony first!
Sony is the oldest of the four auxiliary ministers, the highest official position, and the granddaughter is also the queen of the mother's world, so the four auxiliary ministers are naturally headed by Sony!
In the first few years of the four auxiliary ministers, it is precisely because of the existence of the old minister Sony, and the four people do not form a party with each other, but also play a role in containing each other, everyone's rights are similar, so there is no phenomenon of one family dominating the country and monopolizing the program!
Under the leadership of such a government, the Qing Dynasty was able to march forward in an orderly manner, militarily annihilated the Southern Ming regime, and there was no major political confusion, and the people were able to recuperate!
But such a good life could not be maintained forever, as the auxiliary government became longer and longer, the power of the four ministers became greater and greater, more and more people were flattering around them, and their ambitions were more and more inflated, and they began to seek their own selfish interests, of which Ao Bai was the most serious!
Portrait of Ao Bai
In the late period of the four-person auxiliary government, Ao Bai used the power in his hands to wantonly encircle the land, and there was also a group of civil and military officials around him, which can be described as a blatant alliance with the party for personal gain, and the Zhengzheng oath made in front of the Shunzhi Emperor's spirit card was really a slap in the face!
Among the four people, Qiu Bilong and Ao Bai belong to the same yellow flag, and Qiu Bi Long has a cautious personality, only promises, seeing that Ao Bai is in a big position, so he does not oppose Ao Bai in case of trouble, and tacitly supports Ao Bai; Sony Lao Cheng is heavy, it can also be said that he is an old traitor, and he has the highest status among the four people, and has a check and balance on Ao Bai;
Suksaha, on the other hand, was opposed to the Hauge faction of Aobai because he had been a member of the Dorgon faction, and Aobai advocated the exchange of land with a white flag and a yellow flag, which was opposed by Suksaha, and had a new vendetta, so Aobai was very angry with Suksaha and wanted to get rid of it quickly!
In 1667, the sixth year of the Kangxi Emperor's ascension to the throne, the first assistant minister, the hereditary first-class gongson Sony, died of illness!
Sony's death upsets the delicate balance between the four ministers, and the contradiction between Suksaha and Aobai becomes increasingly intense!
Young Kangxi
And Kangxi is 14 years old this year, Kangxi has been studying hard since childhood, intelligent and quick-witted, and is also an enthusiastic teenager with great ambitions! Without pro-government, he was "outside the situation" and naturally saw the growing power and ambition of Ao bai, but he had no real power, and he could not help Ao Bai at all, so the little emperor was eager to enter the center of power and show his fists!
"Old Fox" Sonny also saw the mind of his "granddaughter-in-law", before his death he spoke to Kangxi, hoping that Kangxi could pro-government in advance, Kangxi although he was happy in his heart but did not immediately agree, but crowned Sonny as a first-class duke, which made other ministers understand Kangxi's "holy will", so they all went to the court to invite Kangxi to pro-government, so at the age of 14, Kangxi began to pro-government in advance and stepped onto the political stage of the Qing Dynasty!
However, at this time, Aobai was already deeply rooted, and Kangxi, who had just been pro-government, had "more than enough heart and insufficient strength" in the face of Aobai, and could only make concessions everywhere; on the other hand, Aobai was extremely powerful, pressing his political enemy Suksaha step by step, fabricating charges to put Suksaha to death, and even the following criminals grabbed Kangxi's arm and forced Kangxi to solve Suksaha's orders, Kangxi had no choice but to do so, but he also hated Aobai even more, and regarded it as a big problem in his heart!
In order to solve this "First Warrior of Manchuria", Kangxi raised a group of guards in the palace, seeking the right opportunity to prepare to attack Aobai!
Finally, in the eighth year of Kangxi, Ao Bai listened to the edict and entered the palace, Kangxi suddenly ordered the guards to rush up and capture Ao Bai, and all the ministers saw that Ao Bai had become a prisoner of the order, and they all began to fall into the well against Ao Bai, and Listed his thirty major sins, which were enough to destroy the nine tribes of Ao Bai!
However, Kangxi Nian Aobai was full of military merits, and indeed made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty, did not kill him, ordered him to be imprisoned, and ordered all of Aobai's cronies to be killed, and the shrinking and wavering Qiu Bilong was also deposed from his first-class official position by Kangxi, and the power of the DPRK returned to Kangxi's hands!
Ping San Francisco!
As mentioned above, Kangxi had a hard time regaining the power of the state, and the powerful Kangxi naturally wanted to prepare for a grand plan, but just as the so-called "improper family does not know that chai rice oil and salt are expensive", the first tricky problem faced by Kangxi after the pro-government is that the country has no money!
It is precisely because "a penny is difficult to defeat the hero", and Kangxi, who does not have a lot of money, can only look at the three small goals he has set every day and sigh!
So where did all this silver go? Historical data has clouds: "The world's wealth, half a fee San Francisco"!
So Kangxi had the idea of cutting the domain!
In fact, the reason why Kangxi wanted to cut the domain was not only that San Francisco had to spend most of the country's silver every year, but more importantly, the fearful military strength in the hands of these three foreign kings!
Here we will first give a brief introduction to San Francisco!
This has to start from dorgon leading a large army into Shanhaiguan, when the Ningyuan city guard Wu Sangui switched into the Qing dynasty army, and then surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, as the Qing court gained a foothold in the Central Plains, more and more Han Dynasty generals Gui surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, of which Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, Shang Kexi, Wu Sangui four people with the greatest merit, were all crowned by the Qing government as foreign kings, but because Kong Youde committed suicide in the war with the rebel army Li Dingguo, his children also died at the hands of Li Dingguo, so no one attacked the knight!
The Qing court made Wu Sangui the King of Pingxi, the town guarding Yunnan and Guizhou; Geng Zhongming's grandson Geng Jingzhong the King of Jingnan, stationed in Fujian; And Feng Shangkexi the King of Pingnan, stationed in Guangdong! San Francisco then had its own territory, and gradually embraced the army and respected itself! In particular, Wu Sangui not only occupied the wuhuashan official residence of the former Ming king, but also seized land to collect wealth and mint coins, which was a bit of a "country within a country", so the tail of the big San Fan was listed by Kangxi as the number one governance object!
Wu Sangui also knew that Kangxi regarded himself as a thorn in his eye, so he played a game of illness in the year of Kangxi's pro-government, and asked Kangxi to allow him to resign and recuperate, Wu Sangui only wanted to test the attitude of Kangxi who had just been pro-government towards San Francisco! Wu Sangui thought that Kangxi was young and did not have a climate, and Empress Xiaozhuang knew that the time to cut the domain was not yet up, and she would not move them, but Kangxi's response was indeed unexpected by Wu Sangui!
The young and vigorous Kangxi directly agreed to Wu Sangui's request to resign, and ordered the governors of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces to take over the affairs managed by Wu Sangui!
But what Kangxi didn't expect was that Wu Sangui had been in Yungui for many years, and his power was even more terrifying than he imagined, and Wu Sangui was already an earth emperor in Yungui!
Receiving Kangxi's will, the Viceroy of Yungui jointly played the song, and even wanted to "resist and disobey", so that Kangxi still regarded Wu Sangui as the chief decision-maker of the affairs of The two provinces of Yungui, Kangxi was furious, and finally he refused the request of the Governor of Yungui on the grounds that Wu Sangui was unwell, and this time he also made Kangxi understand that it was not an easy task to completely solve San Francisco!
In 1673, Kangxi was 20 years old, and he had been pro-government for six years, and this year Kangxi ushered in what he thought was the time to cut the domain!
King Shang Kexi of Pingnan asked Kangxi to return to his hometown and let his son Shang Zhixin succeed him to continue to defend Guangdong for the imperial court, and Kangxi followed the advice of his internal ministers and ordered the removal of Guangdong Fanzhen; Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong felt cold and uneasy when they heard about it, so they also played Kangxi to request the withdrawal of the domain, Wu Sangui's move was still tentative, he did not want to withdraw the domain, shangquan instead wanted Kangxi to keep him!
But Kangxi had long regarded San Fan as a cancer on the imperial court, he had endured for many years, and now he only wanted to give it a go, and Wu Sangui's son Wu Yingxiong and Geng Jingzhong's younger brothers were in the capital, Kangxi thought that they should not rebel, so they all agreed to the two clan kings' request to withdraw the clan!
Wu Sangui completely lost hope in the imperial court, as the Emperor of Yungui, how could he return to the remote Guanwai alone, so he conspired with his subordinates to rebel against the Qing!
In November 1673, Wu Sangui, under the pretext of supporting the Third Prince of the Ming Emperor, claimed to be the Grand Marshal of the Terracotta Army!
After Wu Sangui's rebellion began, the remnants of the Ming Dynasty, the Shaanxi WangFuchen Department, the Mongolian Chahar Department, and the Taiwan Zheng Jing also responded one after another, and for a time the wolf smoke was everywhere, and the Qing Dynasty suffered from the enemy!
The Qing dynasty government pacified the Strategic Plan of San Francisco
Wu Sangui's rebels were menacing, and within a few years they occupied large areas in Yunnan-Guizhou, Hunan, and other places, deploying along the river, making a wait-and-see state, and trying to rule by crossing the river with the Qing Dynasty!
Wu Sangui's fierce tiger was strong and solid to teach Kangxi a lesson, but Kangxi was already riding a tiger, and he could only fight Wu Sangui to the end!
The enemy Qing court first organized soldiers and horses to solve the threat of chahar in the nearest northern Mongolia, and then began to prepare to solve the Wang Fuchen of Shaanxi!
Shaanxi is very close to Beijing, the geographical location is dangerous, if Wu Sangui and Wang Fuchen soldiers together will fight a family, the Qing court will be in a difficult position, Kangxi took advantage of the opportunity of Wu Sangui's troops in Hunan to watch, sent the general Tu Hai to lead the troops to attack Wang Fuchen, Tu Hai first persuaded to surrender, then besieged the city and cut off water and grain, and then occupied the high ground and laid down red-clad cannons to bombard the city, Wang Fuchen was defeated, and then committed suicide in fear!
After defeating Wang Fuchen, the morale of the Qing army was high, and the situation in the whole country also improved; Geng Jingzhong of Fujian surrendered because he was constantly harassed by the Qing army and the Zheng Jing army of Taiwan, and Guangdong Shangzhixin soon surrendered, leaving only Wu Sangui still surviving!
In 1679, Wu Sangui, who had been rebelling against the Qing Dynasty for six years, declared himself emperor in Hengzhou, Hunan, with the name of the country Great Zhou, in a vain attempt to boost the hearts of the army, but with little effect, Wu Sangui also knew that his general trend had gone, and it was only a matter of time before he was destroyed!
In the autumn of the same year, Wu Sangui died of illness, and his grandson Wu Shipan took the throne, but his prestige was far lower than that of Wu Sangui, and the army was scattered, and the Qing army took the opportunity to launch an attack and won a great victory, recovering Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places! Wu Shipan led the remnants of the army to retreat to Yunnan and continued to fight against the Qing army, until 1682 AD, when the Qing army besieged Kunming, Wu Shipan knew that he was at the end of the road, so he chose to commit suicide, and the other defenders surrendered, so that the San Francisco Rebellion finally came to a heavy end after nine years!
From now on, Kangxi was still too anxious to abolish San Francisco at that time, and the Qing government was obviously not ready in all aspects, resulting in this war bringing chaos to the country for nine years, during the war, the rebels and the Qing army had the crime of slaughtering the city and committing adultery and burning, but fortunately, in the end, the Qing army quelled the rebellion, and the interior gained long-term peace, and life and production were able to develop in an orderly manner!
The Kangxi Restoration of Taiwan Begins and Ends!
After solving the San Francisco problem, kangxi was facing the last anti-Qing position of the Ming Dynasty - the island of Taiwan ruled by the Zheng clan!
Because as early as the Shunzhi period, the large and small anti-Qing and restoration organizations throughout the country, such as the "Hongguang regime" established by the ming dynasty's remnants in Nanjing, Zheng Chenggong's father Zheng Zhilong and others supported the "Longwu regime" established by the Tang king Zhu Yujian in Fuzhou, and later Zhu Youluo's "Yongli regime" (also known as the Southern Ming regime), were all defeated and destroyed by the Han army led by Wu Sangui, Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, Shang Kexi and others, and by the Kangxi period, the ming dynasty's anti-Qing base area was only the island of Taiwan occupied by Zheng!
Just as the so-called "heaven has no two days, the earth has no two kings", the Qing court cannot tolerate the Zheng clan who resolutely supports the Ming Dynasty!
What bothered Kangxi even more was that in order to obtain supplies of grain and grass, Taiwan's Zheng clan often sent troops to harass the southeast coast of the mainland and grab money and grain, while the Jiangnan region was a rich land and the main source of taxes and silver for the imperial court, and the stability of Jiangnan played a key role in the development of the whole country!
Therefore, the Zheng clan had to be flattened!
But in the early years of Kangxi, the country had just quelled most of the rebels in the country, the world can be described as a hundred wastes to be revived, Kangxi did not want to move the army again, just this year, the number one person in the Zheng clan, Zheng Chenggong, died of illness, the island of Taiwan fell into an internal struggle for power, the Qing Government took the opportunity to recruit Zheng Jing, Zheng Chenggong's son Zheng Jing was willing to submit to the Qing court but asked to imitate Korea as a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, did not land on the shore and did not shave his hair, was rejected by the Qing Government, decisively sent troops to defeat Zheng Jing, and recovered Xiamen.
In the next few years, Kangxi sent Shi Lang, who was good at water warfare, to send troops many times to try to pacify the Zheng clan, but the sea war situation was complicated, and the San Francisco was not cut, and the imperial court's military expenditure was tight, so the Zheng clan was able to escape "overseas"!
With the San Francisco Rebellion quelled and the internal troubles gone, Kangxi finally freed his hand, so he was determined to take out the Zheng clan in one fell swoop!
In the nineteenth year of Kangxi, Zheng Jing lost Kinmen and Xiamen under the attack of the Qing army, and retreated to the main island of Taiwan, Kangxi was worried that Wu Sangui's grandson Wu Shipan had not yet been solved by the Qing army, so he did not take advantage of the victory to pursue!
The following year, Zheng Jing suffered a stroke and died, and his son Zheng Keshuang, who was only 12 years old, was ordered to succeed him as King of Yanping, and the military and political power was actually controlled by Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan! Kangxi thought this was a rare opportunity, so he ordered Shi Lang to attack Zheng again as the admiral of the water division!
Pingding Taiwan Map
However, due to the disagreement between Shi Lang and the governor of Fujian, Yao Qisheng, and did not mobilize troops for a long time, the Kangxi Emperor continued to urge, so in the twenty-second year of Kangxi, that is, in 1683 AD, Shi Lang led the Fujian marine division to board a ship and send troops, attacking Penghu in three ways first, the initial march was not smooth, and later Shi Lang led the Qing army to take advantage of the downwind advantage to attack with firearms, defeated the enemy army, and retreated to the main island of Taiwan in defeat!
Because the sea near the main island of Taiwan is very dangerous, Shi Lang did not rush to attack, but vigorously appeased the local indigenous people in Penghu, and sent the surrendered deputy general Liu Guoxuan to Taiwan Island to persuade him to surrender, and the Taiwan side heard that the Battle of Penghu was defeated and the Qing army suppressed the territory, it was already a panic, Liu Guoxuan and Feng Xifan also fought with each other, and finally under Liu Guoxuan's planning, Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing court, willing to be a vassal, and shaved his hair to change his clothes, at this point, the Zheng Dynasty collapsed, and Taiwan returned to the territory of the Qing Dynasty!
In 1684, the year after the reconquest of Taiwan, Kangxi officially decreed the establishment of the Taiwan Prefecture, which was subordinate to Fujian Province, and sent troops to garrison!
Expelling Tsarist Russia and signing the Treaty of Nebchu
The old saying has clouds, "Blessings are incomparable, disasters are not alone", in the first few years of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty can be described as a lot of big and small things!
One day in September of the twenty-second year of Kangxi, Kangxi was immersed in the joy of recovering Taiwan, and an urgent report from the frontier was sent to his desk, and Kangxi frowned and read the letter, very angry!
It turned out that Russia in the north had sent troops to occupy the Qing Dynasty's city of Yaksa in the northeast!
As a neighbor of China, Russia has been constantly harassing the border areas of the two countries since the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, especially after the Qing army entered the customs, the military strength of the northeast region has dropped sharply, and the Russian invaders have become even more unscrupulous!
In the early years, Shunzhi was busy sweeping away the remnants of the Ming Dynasty throughout the country, and after Kangxi took the throne, there was the San Francisco Rebellion and the Taiwan Reconquest War, and there was no time to take care of the Tsarist Russian invaders in the north, as today has been decided, Kangxi has truly grown into an emperor, and the Tsarist Russian invaders are about to usher in a fiasco!
The Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar defines the borders
After reading the urgent report, Kangxi issued an "ultimatum" to Tsarist Russia, asking them to immediately withdraw from Yaksa and return to Russia, and the Tsarist army ignored it, not only did not retreat, but also went deep into the Heilongjiang region and plundered the city of Yaohun, and Kangxi was furious!
The Qing general Sabsu led the army to defeat the Russian army and burned all their strongholds in the northeast, but the Russian army still camped everywhere and continued to resist!
In the first month of the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi, in order to completely solve the Russian invaders, Kangxi sent Peng Chun to the northeast to supervise the battle, and the Qing army conquered the city of Yaksa! But in the autumn of that year, the thief-hearted Russian army made a comeback to occupy the city of Yaksa again!
Twenty-five years after Kangxi, the Qing army once again approached the city of Yaksa, this time Kangxi wanted to give the Russian commander a memory, first with firearms to attack the city, kill the Russian generals, and then ordered the siege of the city, dug trenches on three sides of the city, the ditch was diverted to the boat, the city was starved and died of russian soldiers, the Russian army could not resist, so the Russian regent sent emissaries to the Qing Dynasty to negotiate peace, and agreed on the border between the two countries!
In the 28th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Kangxi sent Soetu as the ambassador of the Qing Dynasty to Nebuchu to discuss the border between the two countries with Russia, and the two countries took the Erguna River - Gelbiqi River - Waixing'an Ridge as the eastern border, agreed not to invade each other, and signed the "Treaty of Nebuchu", bringing long-term peace to the border people!
Kangxi Three Expeditions to the Western Mongolian Dzungar Department!
During Kangxi's sixty-one-year reign, the Qing Dynasty experienced many internal and external wars, such as the Battle of Pingsan Domain, the Battle of Taiwan, the Battle of Yaksa qing Russia, etc., but only the three wars that pacified Dzungar were allowed to conquer Kangxi!
The so-called Kangxi Three Expeditions to Dzungar refers to the Battle of Ulanbutong that broke out in the 29th year of Kangxi, the Battle of Zhaomodo that broke out in the 35th year of Kangxi, and the Final Battle of the 36th Year of Kangxi!
Distribution of Mongolians in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties
Here's a quick look at the causes of the war!
After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols were divided into two parts, the east was divided into southern Mongolia and northern Mongolia, which were mongol orthodox; the western part became desert western Mongolia, mainly distributed in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu and other northwest regions!
Southern Mongolia was conquered by Emperor Taiji, the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and incorporated into the territory of the Qing Dynasty; Northern Mongolia and Western Mongolia were also sealed by the Qing Dynasty!
In the ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, there was a civil unrest in the Dzungar department of Western Mongolia, the leader Sangha was assassinated by political enemies, and the Sengge's Geldan quelled the rebellion, married his brother's wife, and became the new leader of the Dzungar tribe!
Prior to this, Geldan's identity was the eighth incarnation of the Living Buddha of Wensa, studying Buddhism under the door of the Dalai Lama in Tibet, and was deeply appreciated by the Fifth Dalai Lama, so after he succeeded to the throne, the Fifth Dalai Lama awarded Geldan the title of "Bosoktu Khan", and wrote to Kangxi, asking the imperial court to make Geldan Khan, but because Geldan was not a descendant of Genghis Khan, Kangxi refused to make him a Great Khan, and Geldan remembered it and felt insulted by Kangxi!
Since then, Geldan has conquered the west, continuously expanded his territory, and gradually become a hegemonic existence in the northwest region, and the strength has become stronger and made Geldan's ambitions bigger!
In the twenty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, civil unrest broke out in Northern Mongolia, and Geldan's brother died in the war, and Geldan took the opportunity to march eastward and wanted to take the opportunity to annex Northern Mongolia!
Under the aggression of Geldan's army for several years, a large area of land in northern Mongolia gradually fell, so Geldan, who was in full swing, aimed his machete at the city of Beijing and aimed at Kangxi!
In May of the 29th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Under the pretext of pursuing and killing the Khalkha Department, Ge Erdan marched south from Inner Mongolia to the city of Beijing!
The Qing court lost the initial battle, in July Kangxi personally went to Inner Mongolia to supervise the battle, 100,000 troops divided into two routes to Gubeikou and Xifengkou to attack Geldan, Kangxi ordered the defenders of Shenyang and Jilin to cooperate in the battle!
However, the Qing army's food and grass supply was insufficient, the combat effectiveness of the large army was suddenly reduced, and it was gradually defeated and retreated, and Geldan led his army to press forward step by step, which also led to his Mongolian iron horse going deep into the hinterland of Inner Mongolia!
After the Qing army replenished the grain and grass, Kangxi ordered the Left Route Army to attack and drag the Geldan army, and then sent the Prince of Kang, Ai Xinjueluo Jieshu, to send troops to Hohhot to cut off Geldan's rear road!
Therefore, Gordan Tun soldiers in Ulaanbutong, because there is no barrier between the left and right of the garrison, Gordan asked the soldiers to tie the legs of more than 10,000 camels, and then put iron boxes on the camels to build a "camel city"!
Portrait of Geldan
In August, the Qing army attacked the "Camel City" of Geldan with firearms as the leader, infantry pressing the position, and cavalry on both sides of the battlefield!
The fierce attack of artillery and muskets destroyed the "camel city" under Gördambu, and the infantry followed closely behind to kill the Mongol army, and the cavalry attacked left and right to harvest the enemy soldiers!
Seeing that the tide was gone, Gordan led his army to retreat, set fire to it along the way, and successfully fled to Kobdo!
The escaped Geldan thief's heart is not dead, and he is fiercely trying to invade the Central Plains again! After the victory of Ulanbutong, Kangxi also made a lot of efforts to guard against Geldan, reorganizing the Mongol tribes in the south and the north of the desert, strengthening his rule, and also setting up post stations and links with the interior, which also provided a prerequisite for the second major defeat of Geldan!
In the thirty-third year of Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty held an alliance of Mongolian tribes, but Geldan refused to go, and also sent troops to attack the Khalkha Department, Kangxi was furious and decided to send troops again!
With the lesson of the last time, this time Kangxi made sufficient preparations, formed a huge grain delivery team and a large number of guides familiar with Mongolia, the army brought enough grain for five months, and also prepared a large number of rain gear and branches to lay the swamp with the army!
In the thirty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Geldan led an army to invade the Chechen Khanate of Northern Mongolia with the help of Tsarist Russia, and then attacked Southern Mongolia from the south!
In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi, Kangxi once again personally conquered Geldan, led an army of 100,000, and divided the troops into three roads!
In the face of the well-prepared Qing court army, Geldan once again suffered a crushing defeat, constantly retreating, and finally fought a decisive battle with the Qing army at Zhaomodo, the commander of the Qing Army's Western Route Army, Fei Yanggu, was condescending, and broke Gordan's Mongolian iron horse, and Gordan's wife died in the war, but the cunning Geldan still escaped!
In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi, the Kangxi Emperor sent emissaries to summon Geldan, but Geldan refused to surrender and continued to oppose the Qing Dynasty, so Kangxi led an expedition to Geldan for the third time!
Gordan's subordinates heard that the Qing Dynasty army was oppressing the territory, most of the Mongol iron horses that had suffered two defeats had no fighting spirit and surrendered, and Gordan's base area was also occupied by his nephew, and Gordan's people rebelled and rebelled, desperate, and committed suicide!
After the victory of The Pro-Conquest of Geldan, Kangxi personally wrote The Ming
Nine sons and nine sons! Sluggishness in old age!
In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, Kangxi thought that the crown prince was useless, so he cost him the position of crown prince, so all the princes coveted the position of prince!
First, the three brothers exposed the eldest brother for engaging in witchcraft to curse the prince, resulting in the eldest brother being imprisoned; later, the eighth brother interceded for the eldest brother and was also imprisoned!
Kangxi was shocked by the fierce scheme of his sons to fight each other for the crown prince's throne, so he reinstated Yin Rong as the crown prince, hoping to use this to ease the contradiction between the crown prince and the crown prince, but Yin Rong was really indisputable, and later abolished it again, which also completely unveiled the "war" of the princes competing for the throne, forming two major party groups headed by the fourth brother and the eighth brother, resulting in serious internal friction in the imperial court in Kangxi's later years, chaos in the government, and far-reaching influence!
This also made Kangxi, who had entered his old age, even more heartbroken, coupled with the fact that the close people around Kangxi slowly left him, which also made Kangxi's personality change, and the studious and diligent Kangxi even began to neglect the government, and even said that "more is better than less", and also practiced benevolent government, relaxing officials and officials, resulting in rampant corruption and the continuous emergence of abuses in the government!
In November of the 61st year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the 69-year-old Kangxi Emperor died in The Changchun Garden in Beijing, and the will was set up by the fourth brother Yinchen to inherit the throne!
Kangxi's sluggishness in his later years left a stain on his life, but the so-called no one is perfect, and in general, the merit is greater than the excess!