(Portrait of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty)
Author Lantai
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" >01 Whether Yongzheng usurped the throne is inconclusive in Qing historiography</h1>
First of all, I would like to tell you that historians have not reached a definite conclusion about whether Yongzheng is usurping the throne or not.
There are many scholars who hold the "Yongzheng Emperor usurpation theory", the most famous of which is Professor Dai Yi, currently chairman of the Editorial Committee of the National Qing and Qing Dynasties; Professor Dai Yi explicitly mentions "Yongzheng Emperor usurpation" in the "Concise History of the Ming and Qing Dynasties" edited by Professor Dai Yi.
Of course, I am not saying that the Yongzheng Emperor is 100% usurper, but it is clear that the academic circles on whether the Yongzheng Emperor is a normal successor is controversial, and there is no conclusive conclusion at present.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" >02 The Kangxi Edict was co-written by Longkeduo and Hanlin Yuan three days after Kangxi's death</h1>
Secondly, when the Kangxi Emperor died, he did not leave a handwritten edict and appointed the Yongzheng Emperor as his heir; the current Manchu-Han bilingual version of the "testament" was jointly drafted by Longkeduo and the Hanlin Yuan after the Yongzheng Emperor succeeded to the throne.
In 2004, the Qing historian Jin Hengyuan published an academic paper entitled "Yongzheng Emperor Usurpation of the Throne and Says New Evidence" in The famous academic journal "Shi Lin" in China, which mentioned that the two so-called "Kangxi Testaments" that currently exist were written by the Yongzheng Emperor three days after Kangxi's death, and the Yongzheng Emperor asked Long Keduo to write with the Hanlin Academy.
Teacher Jin mentioned that the "Academia Sinica" historical language institute in Baodao preserved a total of 75 manchu "Records of the Upper Edicts" from November 13 to December 28 of the 61st year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1722).
One of them reads as follows: "On November 14, 1961, the Kangxi Dynasty, the Brothers and others played: Reading the Book of Shang Shu Longkeduo's Testament." Bong: Yes. It was written by the Ministry of internal affairs and the Hanlin Academy. ”
"The Yongzheng Emperor tampered with the edict and changed the fourteenth prince to the fourth prince" is nonsense, but in the same way, the existing so-called Kangxi edict was not written by the Kangxi Emperor himself, nor can it be used as evidence of the Yongzheng Emperor's normal ascension to the throne.
(Portrait of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty)
<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" >03 The Kangxi Emperor never had any action to "cultivate" the Yongzheng Emperor, who served as an "otaku" for forty years</h1>
The reason why the Yongzheng Emperor's succession to the throne caused great controversy among the government and the public at that time was that the Kangxi Emperor did not have any record of cultivating the Yongzheng Emperor when he was alive; even Western missionaries said that the Yongzheng Emperor "mixed" with monks all day when he was a prince.
How did the Kangxi Emperor really believe that Yongzheng was his successor, and why did he never cultivate the Yongzheng Emperor?
On this point, the Yongzheng Emperor himself did not shy away from it.
The talent of the situation may not be inferior to that of Er; from the sidelines of the past thirty or forty years, all the situations are well known. Ru wants to hide from the top and cannot hide from the top, and Ru does not hide from the bottom and really hides from each other. Deeply lamentable. —— "Emperor Sejongxian's Cabinet of Ministers, Decree of the Four Treasuries"
This is the Self-Statement of the Yongzheng Emperor in an edict in the fourth year of Yongzheng, and it can be seen from the Yongzheng Emperor's self-statement that at least since the Yongzheng Emperor was fifteen years old, the Kangxi Emperor did not assign him any important work, so he would take the initiative to say that he had "watched from the outside for thirty or forty years from the past."
Please use common sense to think about it carefully, not to mention that Kangxi, as an emperor, is now an entrepreneur, if he wants his sons and daughters to take over, will he not let him do anything practical before he takes over?
If you have spare time, you can search the headlines about how Wahaha founder Zong Qinghou trained his daughter, and how Liu Yonghao of New Hope Group trained his daughter, it is really not OK, see how Wanda Wang Jianlin trained Wang Sicong.
(Wang Sicong)
See if there is an entrepreneur who "cultivates" the Yongzheng Emperor like Kangxi and "cultivates" successors in a "non-cultivation" manner.
But he knows that the way of being a man is inherently right and wrong, and the end is wrong; as for the law of internal and external officials, he has not experienced anything, and even if he hears about it, he is not confident. - "Emperor Sejongxian's Decree on the Decree of the Four Treasuries"
The above is the original words written by the Yongzheng Emperor to his courtiers in November of the sixth year of Yongzheng, which can be seen from the two Zhu Approvals of the Yongzheng Emperor, but the Yongzheng Emperor is confident or not confident, and the Yongzheng Emperor mentions that he did not actually handle any affairs in the Kangxi Dynasty, so he would "watch from the sidelines for thirty or forty years" and "not experience the matter of the Past".
Personally, it is hard for me to believe that Kangxi, as an emperor, never cultivated his future successor; and in fact, the Yongzheng Emperor himself did not do this to his heir Hongli.
As early as the eleventh year of Yongzheng, the Yongzheng Emperor put Hongli, who was still the Prince of Bao, in charge of the Military Aircraft Department and participated in major national affairs, which was like a training successor.
For eleven years, he was the Prince of Fenghe Shuobao. When the Battle of Dzungar was not completed, there were also Qianmiao military affairs, and he was ordered to comprehensively manage the military aircraft and make a big decision. - Draft History of the Qing Dynasty: Gaozong Benji
The Qianlong Emperor's method of cultivating his successor, Jiaqing, was even more special, directly giving way to inner Zen and making the Jiaqing Emperor a "child emperor" for three years.
In the first year of Jiaqing, the first month of the spring of The First Month of The Fifth Heavenly Zen was held, and the Shangshang Emperor Gaozong performed ceremonies in the Hall of The Temple, the Hall of The First Heaven, and the Hall of the Emperor Shou. Emperor Gaozong's Imperial Palace and the Hall of Conferring seals. - "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Renzong Benji"
In summary, I can't be sure that 100% of the Yongzheng Emperor is a usurper, but to be fair, the scholars who question the Yongzheng Emperor's usurpation of the throne are not unreasonable, on the contrary, the more in-depth they read the relevant historical materials, the more they will feel that the Yongzheng Emperor's succession to the throne can be said to be full of doubts, and it is really impossible to rule out the possibility of the Yongzheng Emperor usurping the throne.
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