The Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing Dynasty was born in the seventeenth year of Kangxi, the fourth son of Kangxi, the sixty-first year of Kangxi, and the 45-year-old Yinchen ascended the throne and reigned for thirteen years. Historical comments about him have been controversial, and his ascension to the throne and his death remain a mystery to this day.
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It is said that the Kangxi Emperor's last words were succeeded by the emperor's fourth son, Yin Chan. However, at that time, there was a rumor in society that Yongzheng had usurped the throne. This makes Yongzheng's succession confusing and has become a mystery for eternity.
In his later years, due to the abolition of the crown prince, the throne was suspended for ten years, and it is rumored that Kangxi's successor was the fourteenth son of the emperor, Yin Yu.
At that time, the Dzungars invaded Tibet, the Qing reinforcements were defeated, and the military situation was urgent. In the fifty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Yin Yu was appointed as the general of Fuyuan and led an army to the west. At this time, the candidate for the crown prince was being determined, and Kangxi ordered Yin Yu to go on the expedition. He personally held a solemn send-off ceremony for Yin Yu, named him "Great General King", and licensed the use of the king's banner.
Since the founding of the Qing Dynasty, all the princes have been divided into four different ranks: prince, county king, baylor, and shell, with the prince being the highest and the shell being the lowest. Among the princes, the younger Yin Yu was only a shell of the lowest rank. At this time, Kangxi's appointment and conferring undoubtedly announced to everyone that Yin Yu, who was still a beizi, had already enjoyed the treatment of a king. This makes everyone tacitly understand and secretly understand. Yin Yu was also secretly proud in his heart.
Sixty-one years after kangxi, the Kangxi Emperor occasionally felt cold. All the princes were fighting for the position of prince, and the fourth son of the emperor, Yin Chan, was always sophisticated and looked calm as water, in fact he was waiting for an opportunity. When he heard that his father was infected with typhoid fever, he constantly sent people into the palace to visit his father's condition. Knowing that his father's illness was getting worse and worse, he began to make various emergency responses and preparations for seizing the throne.
In the early morning of November 13, the Kangxi Emperor's condition deteriorated and he died suddenly at night. At this time, Long Keduo, who was in charge of the guards of the capital, announced to the princes: "The emperor will decree that crown prince Yin Chan will inherit the unification." Hearing this news, all the princes expressed doubts and asked him where the will was. Roncodo looked at the crowd and said calmly, "It's an edict." ”
At this time, Yin Yu led his troops to finally recover Tibet after four years of bloody struggle. He was preparing to return to the dynasty and ascend to the throne of the crown prince, but suddenly heard the bad news of Kangxi's death, and at this time, the fourth son of the emperor, Yin Chan, mysteriously inherited the throne. The incident was sudden and suspicious.
By this time, Roncodo, who held military power, had tight control of Beijing. At the same time, Yin Chan also gave Nian Qianyao a secret letter, ordering him to fire the rate soldiers to control Yin Yu, and once there was something abnormal in the fourteen sons, they would act immediately. After everything was properly arranged, Yin Chan and Long Keduo returned to Beijing on the night of Kangxi's death, while sealing off the palace and not allowing other princes to enter. Seven days later, the emperor's fourth son ascended the throne.
The Eighth Prince, Yin Yu, was once the biggest political enemy in Yongzheng's seizure of the throne, and after Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, he began to crack down on the Eight Kings Party and cut the knighthood and imprison it. At that time, the meritorious ministers Long Keduo and Nian Qianyao were jealous of the emperor because of their arrogance and arrogance, and later Long Keduo was raided by Yongzheng and imprisoned in Changchun Garden, and Nian Qianyao was given death.
However, there is also a saying in history that Kangxi has always valued the calm Yin Chan, and the critical illness is also in his ability. And there are also rumors that Kangxi had a will at that time, the testament was written in Manchu, Han, and Mongolian scripts, no matter how to falsify it seems to be difficult, so Yin Chan is likely to be the crown prince that Kangxi drew up early.
The ascension of the Yongzheng Emperor to the throne is suspicious, and his violent death has also left people with many mysteries.
There are three theories about the cause of Yongzheng's death, one is that he was killed by Lü Siniang because his atrocities were widely implicated; one is that because the Yongzheng Emperor was diligent in government affairs, did not rest enough, and died of overwork; and there is also a theory that the Yongzheng Emperor died due to overdose of Dan medicine.
On August 23, the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, the Yongzheng Emperor suddenly died in the Yuanmingyuan. His death was so sudden that none of his cronies were mentally prepared. The First-Hand Official Living Manual of Yongzheng's death also records: "On August 21, 13th year of Yongzheng, Shangbu Yu ... On the twenty-third day, the dragon rode the guests. The scholar read out Zhu Bi's edict, and Prince Bao succeeded to the throne. "Prince Bao is Qianlong. Judging from the content of the will, Yongzheng seems to have died normally.
Regarding Yongzheng's sudden death, Zhang Tingyu's self-written annals read: Yongzheng was already ill on the 20th, and on the 22nd he also saw the emperor, and when he was summoned to see him at night, he was "horrified". It can be seen that in addition to his surprise at Yongzheng's death, there are also some unspeakable secrets.
Yongzheng died violently, and the official letter did not contain the reason, which inevitably aroused suspicion. In addition, Yongzheng is a famous "iron-fisted" emperor in Chinese history, who created a literal prison and killed many plants, such as the "Lü Liuliang Case" and "Zhang Yunru's Prison", which were connected to the Lü and Zhang families, and also involved hundreds of people.
These atrocities provoked the indignation of many at the time. There is a saying that Lü Siniang stabbed Yongzheng to death.
According to legend, after the Lü Liuliang clan was tragically condemned by the clan, his granddaughter Lü Siniang was rescued, and after hiding her name, she sought an opportunity to avenge her family. Later, she was instructed by the one-armed god Ni and became a swordsman with superb martial arts. Lü Siniang infiltrated the Jingshi and inquired about the yongzheng Emperor's whereabouts. So he sneaked into the palace in the middle of the night, and a sword cut off Yongzheng's head. The palace was so alarmed that it had to lie that the emperor was seriously ill. In an emergency, the courtiers discussed and blocked the news of the emperor's murder, and three days later, they announced that Yongzheng had suddenly fallen ill and died. There are also rumors that Yongzheng's coffin is a headless corpse.
However, this is only a rumor after all, not enough to believe. First of all, after the Lü Liuliang case, his family was under close control, and it was impossible for anyone to slip through the net.
Secondly, the Yuanmingyuan was heavily guarded, and the garrison patrolled day and night, and it was impossible for Lü Siniang to sneak into the emperor's palace to carry out assassination.
According to the second theory, the Yongzheng Emperor was diligent in government affairs, slept only 4 hours a day, and eventually became ill with overwork, resulting in sudden death.
The third theory is that Yongzheng died of poisoning by taking Dan medicine. The study found that the Yongzheng Emperor had always advocated alchemy and superstitious divination, and in his later years he often visited cultivators to seek the elixir of immortality. In the palace, he also raised a large number of Daoist monks to refine Dan for him. It is said that when they fell ill on August 21, Zhang Taixu and Wang Dingqian, two alchemists who were raised in the palace, offered Their newly refined Dan Medicine to Yongzheng because of their invitation, but none of them expected that Yongzheng would soon die after eating the Dan medicine. At the same time, scholars who studied the cause of Yongzheng's death found that the day after Yongzheng's death, the Qianlong Emperor ordered the two Daoist monks who would refine Yongzheng's dan to be expelled from the Yuanmingyuan, and warned the eunuchs in the palace not to talk about state affairs in vain, so as not to upset the empress dowager. Qianlong issued a special edict for this purpose, emphasizing that Yongzheng liked the matter of "fire cultivation", but it was only a "game" and did not take dan medicine.
In connection with the Qianlong Emperor's handling of the whole matter, the Yongzheng Emperor's statement that he died of poisoning is somewhat credible.
Nowadays, with the development of medicine, scholars have analyzed the symptoms of the Yongzheng Emperor before his death and found that the symptoms before his death were very similar to poisoning, but unfortunately it is still inconclusive.