At No. 86 Mashanbu in Changzhou City, there were originally three simple-structured tile houses (the halls and patios of the Ming Dynasty buildings have been abandoned), which is the former site of the "Two Dangxuan" study hall of Huang Jingren (Zhongze), a cloth poet who was outstanding in poetry during the Qianlong period and praised the Beijing master, "immersed in the scriptures, limited liquid sub-history, and coughed up pearl jade".
Today, the renovated Former Residence of Huang Jingren is a closed courtyard (mashanbu frontage on the north side of Yanling West Road in changzhou city center to No. 35 Shenxian Guan Alley). There are 2 car halls, 3 Nanmu halls, the back room of the flower hall and the east and west wings. The West Wing is the poet's study "Two DangXuan", and the famous calligrapher Liu Haisu wrote the Liangdang Xuan plaque with a wave of inscription.
Huang Jingren (1749-1783) character Hanpu, a character Zhongze, also character Zhongze, alias Xili, self-proclaimed Lu Feizi, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu, a descendant of the famous poet Huang Tingjian of the Northern Song Dynasty, and a famous poet of the Qing Dynasty. Huang Jingren is famous for his poetry, and Wang Tan is called "Erzhong", and his close friend Hong Liangji is a poet and is called "Erjun", and he is known as "Erjun" with his fellow villagers sun yuanru, Hong Liangji, and Zhao Weixin in Changzhou, and is known as "Sun Hong Huangzhao", one of the seven sons of Biling.
Huang Jingren's poetics li Bai, most of his works express the feelings of poverty and loneliness, and there are also cynical chapters, and the seven-word poem is very distinctive and can also write words. In addition to the poems, he also worked on the calligraphy of Han Mo, and also painted good seal carvings, and wrote "Two DangXuan Collection" and "Seal of Xi Li".
Huang Jingren's grandfather, Huang Dale, served as a school instructor in Gaochun County. Huang Jingren was born in the Gaochun School Bureau, so his nickname was Gao Sheng.
When Huang Jingren was four years old, his father died. At the age of seven, he followed his grandfather back to his ancestral hometown of Changzhou and lived in the upper reaches of Baiyun Creek (no. 35, Shenxian Guan Lane, Mashanbu, Changzhou City), where "poetry and love are combined". Due to his family's poverty, his mother Tu taught him to read and write.
Huang Jingren is talented and hard-working, so his achievements in his early childhood far exceed those of ordinary children. It is said that he was able to compose at the age of eight or nine, but he did not like the boring eight strands of literature, but he was inextricably linked to poetry.
His family had a collection of poems, which had been kept in the cabinet for a long time and covered with dust. One day, Huang Jingren took it down to watch, at first he didn't understand much, but gradually he understood it, and he was very happy, and said in a loud voice: "This is a good thing worth learning!" Since then, I have learned to make poetry. Although he was often ridiculed by others at first, he preferred to read and write poetry more, sometimes to the point of fascination.
In the "Little Biography of Lu Feizi" written by Wang Qishu of Shexian County, such an interesting anecdote was recorded: When Huang Jingren was nine years old, he went to Jiangyin to take an exam and lived on a small building, and when he was about to enter the scene, he was still lying in bed, and the candidates who went with him urged him to get up quickly. He said, "I just got two sentences, 'One night rain on the riverhead, five more chills upstairs,' and I want to make a poem, please don't bother me."
In the thirty-first year of Qianlong (1766), Huang Jingren and Hong Liangji became friends with each other and began to concentrate on writing poetry. In the same year, Huang Jingren was at Changzhou Longcheng Academy, and studied under the famous literary scholar Shao Qitao. Mr. Shao "had no teacher, did not learn, and followed the temptations", which made him grow greatly in his studies. Shao Qitao praised Huang Jingren in his "Preface to Persuasion poems" as "Hu Lian of the Lang Temple, ZhiLan of the Pavilion Steps".
But not long after, this old gentleman who cared for Huang Jingren like a loving father died, which made the lonely huang Jingren feel even more helpless, and from then on, he began his life of wandering the world. He said in his collection of poems, "Self-Narration": "Since Mr. Shao died, those who benefited from nothing and knew were wandering."
Huang Jingren spent most of his life in the waves, and many of his famous poems were mainly composed in the waves. In his youth, he once feasted on Jiuhua, dabbled in Kuanglu, rafted Peng Li, and traveled to Dongting. At a young age, he has traveled to many famous mountains and rivers. When there was a heavy wind and rain, he sat on the edge of the cliff with his eyes closed, under the big tree, and the herders saw him and regarded him as a strange man. Because it is a personal experience, his ancient poems are full of a sense of history.
Anhui is the starting point of Huang Zhongze's shogunate travel life, and the poet has been closely connected with Anhui for eight years in his thirty-five years of life. Therefore, Huang Jingren's poems have the characteristics of Anhui culture. Tao Zhi, a famous mountain and river, makes Huang Jingren's poetry more elegant and his thinking more agile.
In the spring of the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (1771), Huang Jingren became a guest of Shen Yefu, the prefect of Taiping. In the autumn of the same year, he participated in the provincial examination. The eldest son, Huang Yisheng, was born. In the winter of the same year, he went to Taiping Province to visit Zhu Yun, a scholar in Anhui Province, and proofread articles in Zhu Jun's shogunate. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), he became Zhu Yun's guest of honor and studied under Zhu Yun.
In March of the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), Zhu Yun invited the Chinese to hold a banquet in the Taibai Building of The Dangtu Quarry. Many people improvised during the feast, writing poems to record the pomp and circumstance. Among them, the youngest is the twenty-year-old Huang Jingren, who stood in the shadow of the sun in a white robe, and wrote hundreds of words in a short while, which amazed the guests present and put down their pens. At that time, the eight scholars gathered in the Dangtu Examination all competed to imitate and copy the poem "Bai Yuan Youth", making Dangtu "a day of paper expensive", which is the famous "Mr. Zhanghe and The Feast taibailou drunken song".
In the winter of the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), Huang Jingren took a sedan from Chuzhou to Guazhou, and the sedan was an old man and a strong man. The next year, I passed this road again, only to see the prime-age caravan driver, asked about the old carman, and only then did I know that it was that time when I returned from Guazhou and died of illness on the way. The poet wrote a poem for it: "In the rugged wind and snow, send me across the river." Jian Yu was drunk and signed up every time he went to the mountain. Seeing that the tendons are exhausted, it can avoid the snot. Ershang has known each other, and the future is drunk together." Although they met in pingshui, the poet was full of pity for those who lived at the bottom.
Although Huang Jingren was a teenager and had just arrived at the Beijing Division, he was also a talented career and a peaceful path, but the end of his life was poor. He once wrote a letter to his friend Hong Liangji, saying: "People who say that it is not easy to live in Peace are also wrong." He also asked Hong Liangji to send his family to the capital on his behalf so that he could be raised nearby. However, the good times did not last long, and his beautiful ideals were shattered in the face of cruel reality.
In the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), Huang Jingren was summoned by Emperor Gaozong to the south, took the second class, and was appointed as a bookmark officer of the Wuying Temple, writing bookmarks for the Siku Quanshu. Later, he took the two examinations of The Hai (1779) and Gengzi (1780) consecutively, but failed to pass the examination. Although because of the merits of writing bookmarks, he was given a vacant petty official who "discussed the main book" and "went to the ministry to wait for Quan", but the whole family's life was not settled, and the debt was high. At this time, the poet felt that "it is easy to enter the middle age, and it is difficult to support the eight families", and his poem "Dumen Qiusi" came out at this time of poverty and no calculation.
It is said that this famous passage was not only widely praised in the capital, but also quickly spread to Bi Qiufan, the inspector of Shaanxi. Bi Qiufan admired it very much after reading it, especially the poem "The whole family is in the wind, and the clothes in September are not cut", which made Bi Qiufan wander in the middle of the night, and then gave Huang Jingren silver and two, and asked him to swim in Shaanxi. Huang Jingren personally went to Xi'an to meet Bi Qiufan.
For the generous support of others, it can only save the emergency, not the poor, Huang Jingren is still in the dilemma of "the whole family is like a leaf, drifting before the wind", a poor life, heavy creative labor, seriously destroyed the health of the poet.
In March of the forty-eighth year of Qianlong (1783), Huang Jingren was forced by the debtors to stay away from Taihang and went out of Yanmen, planning to visit Bi Qiufan again in Xi'an, but unexpectedly arrived in Xi'an Yi (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), where he died of a serious illness in the office of Shen Yefu, who was only thirty-five years old, and his friend Hong Liangji served him a funeral and burial, and a brilliant star on the poetry scene of the Qing Dynasty fell prematurely.
Shortly thereafter, Yuan Ming heard the news of Huang Jingren's death, and specially wrote a poem "Crying Huang Zhongze" to mourn Huang, before the poem, Yuan Ming also wrote a small preface: "Zhongze name Jingren, Changzhou Xiucai, Gongshi, the Seven Ancients are like Taibai." Displaced, more than Chinese New Year's Eve, and the guest died in Shanxi. Yuan Ming also praised Huang Jingren for having the demeanor of Li Taibai, saying in his poem: "Sighing Qingcai generation is empty, Xinlai Jiangxia lost Huang Tong." Amorous is really a loss of youth, lustful who is like "National Wind"? The fragrance of the half-tree Buddha flowers is easy to disperse, and the nine-year immortal rhyme is difficult to end. Three thousand sad pearls and jade songs, left to sing "Annoying Gong" with the human world. ”
Throughout Huang Jingren's short wandering life, "the heart is like a lotus seed often contains bitterness, and the sorrow is like a spring silkworm not broken", this kind of hardship and depression is more reflected in his poetry.
"The Immortal Buddha is vast and has not yet achieved two things, but he knows that the night alone is not peaceful. The wind is full of sad songs, and the mud is stained with Bo Xingming. Nine out of ten people are white-eyed, and none of them are bookworms. Moyn's poems are written in sorrow, and spring birds and autumn insects make their own sounds. "Whoever on the stage yan Guo Kui, there is nowhere in the city to visit Jingqing." "Who is in the water, there is no money in the bag", "Quietly Lishiqiao people do not know, a star like the moon to see more time. These widely praised verses are exactly the true portrayal of the poet's heart when he lived in Beijing, huaicai did not meet, tasted the true portrayal of his heart when the world was desolate, and he deeply felt the hidden sorrow, how could he not tell his sorrow, desolation, and resentment to poetry? Huang Jingren's exclamations of personal life, the feelings are quite entangled, rich in strong artistic appeal, many famous sentences at that time did not go away, and are still popular today.
Huang Jingren often thinks of poor people and cold people who are hungry and cold from their personal poverty and illness. For example, in "Sudden Cold Works", after depicting the great cold current of dry wood and acid and frost in the diameter, he sighed deeply: "The rich man is one year old and has a bitter summer, and when he is four hours old, he is afraid of the cold." .... Who will turn the shape of the cloud into fox white, and the silence will be all over the huts", in "Spreading the Sea", it is said: "I want yunmen peak, turn into a state knife, hold the highest peak of the heavens, and cut the white cloud to lay the robe." Silent and silent thrown in the air, it was called cold and cold all over the world. ”
If these poems are sympathetic to the people and the Han people, then his "Miscellaneous Feelings in the Car" is a strong satire of the so-called "prosperous world" of Qianlong, "He Nai Tu Road, geese walk in groups." Carry the miscellaneous old and the young, burden and bottle pot. Ben begged for a dollar and covered the two wheels. With tears in his eyes and sharp brushstrokes, the poet lifted a curtain on the corner of Qianlong's "prosperous world" and sketched a "map of displaced people" in the Taiping era, which profoundly reflected the social reality at that time. In the late spring and March, in the middle of the Qianlong dynasty, which was full of purple flowers, the poet sensitively sang the work of "Autumn Sound", showing keen insight and a strong sense of distress for the country.
In addition, there are sixteen poems of "Qi Huai", which have always been regarded by some people as representative works of "sorrow" and "sorrow", and even some people have entangled these poems with the poet's lost love, saying that "Qi Huai" is "full of warm memories and sad scenes between the lines", so he is called "the poet of love". In fact, "Qi Huai" is a work similar to the style of Li Shangyin's "Untitled" poems in the Tang Dynasty, which not only express sentiments, but also pin the author's indignation.
Huang Jingren's poems have a variety of different styles, and he has written many famous works such as "Mourning Wolf Bright Moon, Lone Goose Crying Frost", and has left many chapters like Hu Di war drums, generous and tragic, and exciting. Try to see: "The boy is healthy to the battlefield, and the self-love is on the stage without looking forward to the hometown." Too white high in the sky, the sword bright moon shines together." ("Young Man Xing") "The weeping whip letter horse is unknown, and the ancient country xianyu refers to Gu Jian." This goes to the cloud to bury the Qin Shanggu, and the westbound road out of Han Zhongshan. ...."Dingzhou Daozhong") The emotions are so intense, and then look at: "When the window tests and burns high candles, we must see the fish and dragons alas", "Frost Yuan's streets are wildly expanded, and the moon is drunk and tune the kite", and the feelings are so unrestrained! His famous long story "Before watching the tide line": "The river does not fold several times, and the tide head is like folding iron." A fold of flat and a hundred feet flying, a long sky dancing clear snow. "The poet pours out his passion into the surging tide.
From the poems left by Huang Jingren, we can also see the majestic and majestic atmosphere, such as "A horse, a thousand gold to buy, handan teenagers have a sound price, sing Longsha, shoot Hu Di, Wu Cao Jian'er, do not listen to the pipa"; and another example is "Man Jiang Hong, after the inscription Yue Zhongzi Ezhu poetry": "Sinking endlessly, horizontal iron; Burn continuously, facing the river wall. Fill your chest with all the ancient meanings. Ten years of male fame stayed in the shogunate, and the joy was so square! Dye the old rivers and mountains with new poems, and they are all colorful. ”
It can be seen from this that Huang Jingren is not a "mournful poet" who can only sigh poorly, nor is he a "love poet" who is intoxicated with the love of his children. Zhang Zishu said in the "Poet's Sketch": "Sometimes the Admiralty is big; Sometimes mourning; Sometimes the dragon groans and the tiger roars; Sometimes the geese cry and the ape cries", this is a more appropriate and objective evaluation of Huang Jingren's poems.
The characteristics of Huang Jingren's poetry inherit the romantic tradition of Qu Yuan and Li Bai, and they also draw on the strengths of all families and strive for innovation, forming a unique style of "Shen Yun Righteous Theory, Shen Jun's Carving".
Huang Jingren once went to Xiangtan in his youth, and he summoned the soul of Qu Yuan with wine and made "Floating XiangFu" to pay tribute. Later, he expressed his admiration for Qu Yuan in his poems many times. In the poem "The Tomb of Du Zimei in Leiyang", it is said: "From the place of resentment, only the spirit is attached." In "Miscellaneous Feelings," it is also said: "Fang Hong is full of rivers for me to pick, and in this life, I will be able to meet the spirit of the spirit." Although his life and experience were completely different from Qu Yuan's, their spirit and character of not willing to go with the flow were the same. Qu Yuan was powerless to return to heaven, and deeply felt that "everyone is quiet and I am awake alone." Huang Jingrensheng did not meet the exhibition, and it was difficult to display his talents, and he sighed: "A thousand laughs and words are delayed, and the advantages and disadvantages are known from the outside world." It shows a cynical sense of loneliness in the poet.
Huang Jingren also had great admiration for Li Bai, and when he was hanging Li Bai's tomb in Anhui Province, he once said, "Those who I teach are not public, and they should bury me in the foothills of the Zi Mountains."
Turning to the "Complete Works of Liangdangxuan", we can find that there are many chapters such as "TaibaiLou and Zhicun", "Artemisia on the Wall", "Long Wind and Sand Line", etc., all with qu Yuan, Taibai's gems and elegance, in the bold momentum mixed with simple language, with romantic overtones, no wonder the poetry was shocked at that time, and everyone put aside their pens.
In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong (1764), 3,000 people in Changzhou participated in the boy test, and the sixteen-year-old Huang Jingren won the championship and was highly valued by the prefect of Changzhou and Wujinzhi County. At that time, many people came to make friends with this up-and-coming first-name show, but Huang Jingren was not humble. When he was a guest at Zhu Yun's office, although Zhu Yun paid special attention to him, as soon as he did not integrate with his colleagues, he would immediately pawn clothes and hire a small boat and drift away. When he was poor and depressed in The Capital Division, he refused to go to the call of other dignitaries except for Weng Fanggang, Ji Xiaolan, Wen Yunbo and other famous people.
The poet is cold to the inflamed and possessive, white-eyed, but he has a fiery enthusiasm for the sincere confidants and friends. For example, his friendship with Hong Liangji has been admired by the world, and his care and education for Shao Qitao is extremely grateful and engraved in his heart.
The poet is difficult to reconcile with the hypocritical and vulgar dignitaries, but he is sincere to the simple and sincere working people. In a farewell poem to his old servant, he said: "Drifting zero should know the master's heart, and guard the old forest." Several years have passed away with each other, and the rivers and lakes have since cut off their hometown sounds. "The attitude is kind and humble, without the posture of a half-master.
Huang Jingren's poems were originally selected by Bi Qiufan to be included in the Wuhui Yingcai Collection, and the words were selected by Wang Lanquan to be included in the "Dictionary". Later, there were a variety of special engravings, including Bi Qiufan's "Selected Works of Wu Hui's Talents"; there were Weng Fanggang's Selection, And Liu Daguan's "Repentance Poetry Banknote" in eight volumes; There are Selected Inscriptions of Zhao Xihuang, Sixteen Volumes of Zheng Bingwenxiu's "Two Dangxuan Poetry Notes", and two volumes of "Repentance Words banknotes"; there are Wang Chang's "Biography of Huhai Poems" and "Selected Dictionaries of the National Dynasty"; there are Yuan Tong's "Selected Words of the Three Houses"; There are sixteen volumes of wu xiu's unfinished engraving, which was later supplemented by Jiang Guangxu; There are Xu Yubin's fourteen-volume "Two Dangxuan Poetry Collection" and two volumes of "Bamboo Sleeping Words"; there are also Huang Jingren's grandson Huang Zhishu's "Complete Collection of Two Dangxuan" re-engraved by various families, including sixteen volumes of ancient and close poems, two volumes of supplements, three volumes of poems, one volume of testaments, two volumes of examinations, and attached to the preface to each poetry collection and the epitaphs of the annals. In addition to poetry, Huang Jingren is also good at writing piao script, calligraphy, painting, and bypass seal engraving, and is a versatile writer.
The lonely and miserable content and sad mood of Huang Jingren's poems are also a true portrayal of the life of the vast number of poor intellectuals in old China, which can naturally resonate with intellectuals who are similar to his life. Modern Chinese writers such as Yu Dafu not only like his poetry, but also sympathize with his life, Yu Dafu's short story "Quarry Rock" is based on Huang Jingren as the protagonist, but also with Huang Jingren as a self-comparison, Yu Dafu is regarded by his contemporaries as "modern Huang Zhongze".
"On a tragic night of snow and wind, it is better to have children than to have nothing at this time." This is a poem by Huang Zhongze, a famous poet of the Qing Dynasty, quoted by Qu Qiubai in 1920 when he recounted his melancholy mood. He wrote: "Remembering that I was far away from my father, and I don't know what year and month I was reunited, and the family road is like this, which really reminds people of the famous sentence of our Changzhou poet Huang Jingren."
When Qiu Bai was sixteen years old, his mother was forced to commit suicide by poverty, and the family was separated, drifting east and west, and the situation at that time was "like a broken ship in the waves" of the waves. Qiu Bai felt that the human society was full of darkness, and felt that "the meaning of life is extremely dim." At this time, Qiu Bai was still groping forward in the vast night, and he did not know where the end of the darkness was.
Later, when he embarked on the revolutionary road and became a member of the vanguard of the Chinese proletariat, he once again mentioned Huang Zhongze in an old poem written to a friend: "I have seven words and seven sentences, and the autumn spirit is full of arrogance." Lu Hua did not understand things, only to look at the side of the road. I mean that apart from Sven, there is no heaven and earth wide. The writer can't do it, and his life is heavy and sad. Huang Zhongze, my hometown, the wind and snow family are cold. (Yang Muzhi: "The Qu Qiubai I Know")
Although the poet Huang Jingren died prematurely, he left a large number of excellent poems, words and seal carvings for posterity, which is a precious wealth in the treasure house of Chinese culture and an artistic miracle that will never fade. To borrow two poems by the poet who hangs Li Bai to remember our poets: "If you are as talented as a king, you will not die, and I know that a king dies but not dies."