Author: Dai Ke, Source: Tang Poetry song poetry ancient poems (ID: tsgsc8)
01
A long time ago, when I mentioned The Qing Dynasty poets, I would only think of Naran Sex de in my mind. Slowly, I read more and more books, and began to know some "unknown" lyricists, many of whom were of a very high level but were burdened by the quality of life. And what I regret the most is Zhu Yizun, one of the "three big people".
Zhu Yizun lived much longer than the other two. Nalan died at the age of thirty; Chen Weisong was only fifty and seven years old. Zhu Yizun lived for eighty-one years and was an old life star.
Some people may say that composing poetry and filling in words is gifted, and it has nothing to do with how many years you live. There is some truth to that. But if it is placed on a few people at the talent level, the length of life will inevitably affect the final achievement.
Examples abound. Jiang Lang's talent was exhausted; and Zuo Si, who was a little later than him, and who was "Luoyang Paper Expensive" with "Three Capital Endowments", did not write much after becoming an official. Speaking of "young and strong kung fu old beginning", Lu You, who wrote this poem, is undoubtedly the best representative. Lu You's classics were all made in his later years. In addition, there is Lao Du, "the late festival gradually becomes more and more detailed in poetry", if in his thirties, he will not be able to write "Ascend". In the same way, there is Li Yu, who wrote those words before he was demoted to the throne, but he reached the peak of his own lyrics after being captured for three years.
Therefore, the meaning of life is far from ordinary and we can perceive it. It's only when you really do something with your heart that it's great. Zhu Yizun is the one who grasps the meaning of life, so when we read him again, we must have a pious attitude, even putting him above Nalan and Chen Weisong.
02
In the second year of Chongzhen (1629 AD), this child named Zhu Yizun was born in Biyifang, Jiaxing. At the age of six, he entered a private school. Regarding the situation at this stage, there is a clear record in the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty": there were different ideas in life, and the books were not exhausted. Yes, this is another little genius who has never forgotten.
At that time, the family was relatively poor, and when he was thirteen years old, there was a locust plague in his hometown, and when there was no harvest of grain, the family food was cut off. In order to survive, you can only rely on the help of others to have a meal. In the years that followed, the country was in turmoil and war raged on all sides. Zhu Yizun ignored this and continued to read with the teacher. Because of his poverty, and because this teaching, Feng Zhending, was also his father-in-law, he lived in his father-in-law's house in a justifiable way. At the age of seventeen, the teacher's daughter Fuzhen was also fifteen years old, and the Zhu family could not get the bride price, so they let their son make an upside-down door.
Because the historical materials of the Qing Dynasty are too rich, any privacy of the famous masters may be covered in the literature. In addition, Zhu Yizun is also a person who likes to shake his own things outward. Therefore, his character is stained by a relationship.
After marrying his wife Fuzhen, Zhu Yizun and his sister-in-law Feng Shouchang had two hearts. Who is this Feng Shou chang? I don't think we can look at women, because she's just a stinking little girl. Zhu Yizun wrote in the words:
Together, the next nine play together.
The two winged cicadas were not combed, twelve or thirteen years old.
Spring sorrow does not go up the Mei Mountain, and the day is long and lazy.
Approach the bottom of the rose rack and catch the butterflies in the middle of the flowers.
- "Qing Ping Le"
No spring sorrows, playing all day, and occasionally catching butterflies. It is such an innocent picture that is engraved in the heart of the writer for the first time. Then, again, write about her innocence.
Xinyi flowers fall, begonias rise in the wind, and the rain is new.
After the tanuki slave went, he embroidered the mound warmly, and sat idly with me for a long time.
Laughter also has to be, under-extended also has to be, and the line is dan shoes and graceful.
The money bucket grass has been lost, ask the bottom to pay me tonight.
- "Queqiao Immortal"
Lu You is "I don't go out with Tanuki", but Zhu Yizun chased the cat away and asked people to accompany him. Who is he with? It was the little girl in the little red shoes, laughing and jumping, without a little seriousness. After the girl's image unfolded, she asked again: The money and grass have all been lost, what will I lose tonight?
Dustpan money is to throw three or five copper coins to the ground and win or lose by the number of heads and tails. Fighting grass is not new. Looking back at "Dream of the Red Chamber" "Dumb Xiang Ling Love Pomegranate Skirt" once, you can know its basic operation. But it is a comparison battle, saying rhyme, and the whole is more interesting than throwing money.
After Zhu Yizun wrote these small details of life, he began to slowly touch on that eternal topic.
The little spring love leaks first, and the love is concentric knot.
Summoning Mo sorrow is endless, must not be, sorrowful season.
Only to learn to avoid people's curtains are half opened, and also to understand Qiu Bo's glance.
The seal is hard to burn the heart, and pray, the first March.
- "Four Harmony Incense"
The overall meaning is that the little girl is starting to grow up and knows how to avoid suspicion. It's just that the last sentence leaves people with unlimited reverie. Silver characters are phonological, and heart characters are incense burning. This will undoubtedly make people connect to love. And to worship the moon, this wish is even more obvious.
This kind of small word reads bluntly and interestingly. And the most famous is his "Gui Dian Qiu".
Thinking about the past, crossing the river dry, the moth looking down the mountain.
Sleep together to listen to the autumn rain, and the small moles lightly chill each other.
- "Gui Dian Qiu"
In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658 AD), Zhu Yizun returned from roaming, and his wife and children had moved to Xihe Village with their families. In November, it still moved back to Meri. At this time, it happened to happen to be Shou chang who had already married into a rich man in Suzhou and returned to Ning. The aunt stayed on the boat with them for a few days, and Yi Zun had this word.
"Sleeping together and listening to the autumn rain, the small mounds are light and cold" is the essence of the whole song. Later generations often understand it, just like Liu Liangcheng said: "The snow that falls in a person's life, we can't see it all." Everyone spends the winter alone in their own lives. The meaning is in place, but in the end it is added by the reader. Or Mr. Ye Jiaying saw it deeply and proposed the "beauty of weak morality".
Weak virtue is not weakness, but like Zhu Yizun, he knows that the result of this love will only be "small mounds and lightly cold", but he is still willing to abandon the worldly vision to accept! Zhou Yi regarded it as the first word of the Qing Dynasty, which seems to have some truth.
03
Like his friend Chen Weisong, Zhu Yizun was also in his fifties before entering his career through the imperial examination. This year, the imperial court held an examination for erudition and vocabulary. Unlike in the past, this was the first time that the Qing government had publicly recruited talents, and many Ming remnants refused to participate. Among them was Gu Yanwu. Gu Yanwu did not go, many people of insight did not go, the imperial court could not do anything, felt that Zhu Yizun was OK, so simply let him come to take the exam.
Zhu Yizun successfully passed the examination, and the following year, together with Li Yindu, Yan Shengsun, pan Qian, etc., he was awarded the hanlin academy to review and edit the History of Ming. If you can participate in the compilation of the history, you know that you are not joking. Zhu Yizun's level of knowledge was demonstrated for the first time. Subsequently, the Kangxi Emperor gave him food and clothing, and allowed him to ride a horse in the Forbidden City, and called him to the banquet when he had nothing to do. It can be said that it is very important. At the time when Zhu Yizun was in a smooth situation, he was demoted because of a small matter.
In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1684), the fifty-six-year-old Zhu Yizun took advantage of his position to privately copy books on local tributes in order to edit the "Ancient Records of Yingzhou Dao". So he was impeached and demoted to a lower rank. It wasn't a big deal, it was just that someone was bent on squeezing him. At that time, people were known as "beautiful and degrading".
The following year, Naran died of illness, and Zhu Yizun also began to think about studying historiography wholeheartedly. It was a long life with his added meaning. It is the sorrow of Naran and other people whose lives are short.
He lived in the Guteng Bookstore, compiled into the "Old News under the Sun" and the "Jingyi Examination". He also chanted poems with his friends who came to visit. Cousin Cha Shenxing came to play and wrote a poem:
Three houses in the shade of the ancient vines, drunk and groaning for another moment.
Worried about the old people to drink again, the small note passed on to read Luo Zhong's poems.
——" March Obscure Day Drink Zhu Ten Cousins HuaiShi Xie Street New Apartment"
It was not until the thirtieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1691), after the sixty-three-year-old Zhu Yizun was reinstated and deposed, that he completely returned to his hometown and lived a life of upstream mountain governance.
04
Zhu Yizun had a very large collection of books in his lifetime, reaching more than 80,000 volumes. He said, "Whoever enters the discipline shall buy books." and general books, which are copied from the History Museum. "If you have a little money, you can buy books, and if you can't buy them, you can borrow them and copy them." Even though he was once demoted for copying books, his ambitions never changed.
Because there are many books and many books, the level is very high. Later, when Kangxi was touring the south, Zhu Yizun went to see the driver and presented his "Jingyi Examination" to him, and Kangxi read it with great appreciation, gave him a plaque of "Studying the Scriptures and Natural History", and ordered it to be distributed nationwide. When he was eighty years old, he wrote the eighty volumes of the "Collection of Exposed Books", with a preface by Pan Qian.
Pan Qian said: "The study of bamboo is in the scriptures, drowned in history, and runs through the hundreds of sons and hundreds of families... It contains Hong Shen, searches for prosperity, analyzes theoretical matters, archaeological evidence, yuanyuan ben, exquisite and accurate, hidden before, dissecting the doubts of eternity. Its literature is not the lord's family, naturally high-spirited, refined and refined, cut the skin to see the roots, resign from the covenant and be righteous and rich, light and in the middle, explore the infinite, the taste is not tired, it is said to be true and elegant. ”
Maybe composing poems and filling words can also achieve good results with talent at a young age. However, when it comes to the study of history, it is absolutely impossible to do so without a long accumulation. Zhu Yizun was able to achieve such great achievements, in addition to his own talent, he relied on his past eighty years of not forgetting.
On the eightieth birthday, Cha Shenxing wrote a poem to celebrate his birthday:
Since returning to the first clothes, I do not remember the spring, and the ten-year dove staff has been carried with me.
100% full of rest and drunkenness, tens of thousands of books turned poor.
The smell of fresh perch is cooked on the fire, and the spirit of the crane is blown by the pine wind.
If you are the first person in Jiangdong.
Whether it is a friend or a relative, or a late-born disciple, in front of such a person, it is all respectful and respectful.
He said that he wanted to take Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan as his ancestors, and his words were also written beautifully and gracefully. The most powerful thing, I thought it was not "Gui Dian Qiu", but his other memoirs- "High Balcony":
The shadow of the bridge flows rainbow, the lake light reflects the snow, and the green curtain does not roll in the spring depth. An inch of horizontal waves, the broken intestines are in the building yin. Gossamer is not tied to the sheep cart to live, who is qian, the green bird? The hardest to ban. Leaning on the carving, dreaming all over the place.
The second coming is already scattered towards the clouds, the pearl is cold, and the purple jade smoke is heavy. The peach blossoms in the front are still full of Jiangxun. Love is afraid of the idea of the same line of thought, looking forward to the long causeway, the grass is red. Groan. Biluo Yellow Spring, two difficult to find.
There is a small preface before this poem: Wu Jiang Ye Yuanli, who crossed the Rainbow Bridge in a few days, there was a woman upstairs, and when she saw it, she even fell ill and died. The qi was desperate, and the Shiyuan Li returned to its door, and the mother of the woman told Ye with the words of the woman's death, and the leaf fell into tears, and the woman's eyes began to glaze over. Friends for the sake of biography, the rest of the notes with words.
The story is a bit like "Peony Pavilion", but it does not become "Peony Pavilion", but it is a complete tragedy. The upper film of the book girl Huaichun, the next piece of writing Ye Lang also love, the structure is very neat. Liuhong Bridge is not elsewhere, it is in Wujiang County. It is the place where Jiang Jie wrote "the wind is fluttering and the rain is xiaoxiao". Jiang Jie's words are a melancholy song that circumnavigates Liang for three days, so why not Zhu Yizun?
The sheep cart borrowed an allusion from Wei Jie to illustrate that the man was handsome. Then three or four allusions were used: Chaoyun, Mingzhu, Purple Jade, and Peach Blossom. These are all things that are fleeting. When this amorous man returned, he only hoped that the red heart grass by the river would be able to express his heart on his behalf. But this woman finally died, and shangqi bi fell into the Yellow Spring, and the two places were missing!
This song, whether it is plot or feelings, is several times better than the rest of the author's words. I thought that was the best work. In line with mr. Jialing's "beauty of weak morality" and in line with the public's love for words, it can compete with Jiang Kui, Zhang Yan and others!
And such a great scholar and lyricist eventually fell into obscurity, which of course has to do with his personal feelings and the "Two Hundred Rhymes of Wind and Poetry".
In his later years, Zhu Yizun collected a lifetime of poems and compiled them into a collection, and friends suggested that this "Wind Huai Poem" be removed, but Zhu Yizun said: "I would rather not eat two porpoises, and do not delete the two hundred rhymes of Feng Huai."
The two halls are the long corridors on both sides of the ancestral temple. This means that I would rather lose my qualification to enjoy the Confucius Temple and pass on this relationship. Honestly, that doesn't really make much sense, because his sister-in-law has been dead for many years. In order to store the beauty in his heart, Zhu Yizun not only braved the world's great disobedience, but also lost his own literary name. Even today, there is little known under the heavens except for the literati and inkers.
But what exactly does this mean? If a person does not even care about the honor of life, why should he mind the loneliness and loneliness after death. Perhaps, that was exactly what he had been after all his life.
-Author-
Kong Yao. Pen name Daiko. Love life, love literature, love poetry. A pure and simple literary and artistic youth; a red fan who is difficult to extricate himself; an ethereal ancient poetry writer!