introduction
In 1974, Zhang Yunyi's life entered the last moment, and he once entered a coma. After Deng Xiaoping learned of his serious illness, he specially came to the hospital to visit this old comrade-in-arms.
Hearing Deng Xiaoping's voice, Zhang Yunyi tried to open his eyes. Deng Xiaoping clasped his hand tightly and said, "Comrade Yunyi, our two comrades-in-arms are the oldest and oldest comrades-in-arms!" ”
After speaking, Zhang Yunyi fell into contemplation and recalled the passionate years when the two used to fight side by side...
Picture | photo of Yunyi
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="5" >01 Deng Xiaoping: Although we did not meet, we already knew each other</h1>
Among the many generals who interacted with Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Yunyi was one of the first to work with him. Together, they eradicated the reactionary forces, mobilized the masses together, launched the famous Baise Uprising in Guangxi, and together established the Red Seventh Army, making great contributions to the creation of revolutionary armed forces.
Located at the junction of the three provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Youjiang, is home to brotherly ethnic groups such as the Yao, Zhuang, and Miao. Due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of the reactionary class for a long time, the people here have a great spirit of resistance.
As early as the period of the First Civil Revolutionary War, the Communist Party of China sent people here to carry out revolutionary work, led the masses to fight local tyrants, divided up the land, and spread the seeds of revolution.
In September 1929, in accordance with the changes in the situation in Guangxi, the Guangxi Party organization sent Lei Jingtian to send people to establish a special committee on Youjiang to strengthen the organization and leadership of the work in Youjiang.
After the defeat of Li Mingrui and Yu Zuobai against Chiang Kai-shek, our party organized a large number of civilian workers and troops in Nanning, and moved five or six thousand mountain guns, rifles, machine guns, mortars, a large amount of ammunition and radio stations from the provincial ordnance stock to the steamboats to prepare for removal.
Picture | Zhang Yunyi (fourth from the left in the back row) and other red Seventh Army cadres in northern Shaanxi
According to the original plan of our Party, Deng Xiaoping, the deputy of the CPC Central Committee under the pseudonym Deng Bin, prepared to lead the comrades of the local and Party Central Committee organs out of Nanning and command the guard troops and ordnance ships to sail upstream on the Right River.
Two days later, Zhang Yunyi, according to Deng Xiaoping's instructions, led the Fourth Brigade, the Instruction Brigade, and the Fourth Brigade to cover the advance by land. In this way, our Party led the armed forces of several thousand people to withdraw from Nanning within a few days and come to Youjiang to open up a revolutionary base area.
On October 20, Zhang Yunyi led the Fourth Brigade and the Teaching Corps to arrive in Enlong County, and the ordnance ships along the river also arrived. When Zhang Yunyi was working in the research department of the brigade headquarters, he suddenly saw Ye Jizhuang accompanying a strange person walking towards him.
Seeing that the person who came was not tall, but appeared young and capable, full of vitality, Zhang Yunyi immediately stepped forward to greet him. Ye Jizhuang introduced the person: "This is Comrade Deng Bin. ”
At this time, Zhang Yunyi couldn't help but remember that in the three or four months in Nanning, he faced such a sharp struggle, and it was precisely under the instructions of Deng Xiaoping that he could solve it, and he wanted to see this big man very early.
Photo | Deng Xiaoping
At this time, Deng Xiaoping also seemed very excited, holding Zhang Yunyi's hand tightly and saying, "You are Zhang Yunyi, but I have heard of your name for a long time." Although we have not met in the past, we have already known each other! ”
Subsequently, Lei Jingtian, the person in charge of the Central Youjiang Special Committee, and others also came. Soon, everyone agreed to go to Baise the next day, bringing most of the ordnance, and the unused ammunition and heavy weapons were evacuated to the mountains of Tiandong and Donglan for preservation, and everyone unanimously agreed with this opinion.
The next morning, the large troops began to advance, and on October 22, they successfully reached Youjiang Baise.
Soon, Deng Xiaoping presided over the study of the party committee to study the preparations for the creation of a workers' and peasants' government and an armed uprising. Considering that the name of the brigade and the teaching corps was not convenient for commanding the local government, and there must be an open administrative body, it was decided to use the original position of inspector, so who would supervise it?
Thinking about it, Deng Xiaoping thought that Zhang Yunyi was a general in Guangxi and had prestige in the local area, so he proposed that Zhang Yunyi be appointed as the governor of Youjiang, which was unanimously approved by everyone.
Figure| In December 1937, some commanders of the New Fourth Army took a group photo in Wuhan, from left to Zhou Zikun, Zhang Yunyi, and Ye Ting
At this party committee meeting, Deng Xiaoping grasped the two urgent problems of mobilizing the masses and rectifying the troops. Zhang Yunyi also had the opportunity to sit down with Deng Xiaoping and discuss major issues. Zhang Yunyi appreciated Deng Xiaoping's art of struggle and his ability to control the overall situation, and he also had more respect for him.
After the meeting, Zhang Yunyi and other leading comrades conscientiously implemented the spirit of Deng Xiaoping's instructions and the decisions of the party committee, and he fully exercised the functions and powers of the chief executive, informing the county chiefs and taxation bureau chiefs of Youjiang county chiefs to pay all taxes. Soon, they received tens of thousands of dollars in taxes and funded the ensuing armed uprising.
Soon, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi, a mass struggle was quickly launched, which swept across the youjiang river in an instant. The gentry of Youjiang quickly fled to Nanning and asked the Third Brigade of Guangxi Garrison to garrison Youjiang.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="19" >02 Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping prepare for the Bose Uprising</h1>
After carefully analyzing the political situation in Youjiang, Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping decided to take decisive measures against the counter-revolutionary Third Brigade, decided to preemptively attack, comprehensively analyze the situation between the enemy and ourselves, and quickly annihilate the Third Brigade.
Xiong Hao, the leader of the Third Brigade of the Guangxi Garrison, was a bandit leader, and more than 1,000 of his men were scattered bandits and hooligans, who went around robbing homes and houses and maiming the masses, and the local people complained bitterly.
Pictured | Zhang Yunyi's old photo in Yan'an
With the joint planning of Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi, the third brigade of the encirclement and annihilation of the reactionary group achieved a major victory, capturing more than 1,000 enemy soldiers and capturing more than 700 guns, smashing the enemy's counter-revolutionary conspiracy, and also clearing the obstacles for the smooth development of the Baise uprising.
At the beginning of November of the same year, the instructions of the Party Central Committee to hold an armed uprising in Guangxi reached Baise, and the Central Committee decided to create the Red Army and establish a revolutionary base area in the Left and Right Rivers region, awarded the Red Seventh Army the name, and appointed Zhang Yunyi as the commander of the Red Seventh Army and Deng Xiaoping as the political commissar of the Red Seventh Army.
Soon, Deng Xiaoping conveyed the instructions of the Central Committee at the party committee meeting, and also made decisions on the specific arrangements and major issues of the armed uprising: resolutely implement the instructions of the party Central Committee, complete the preparations for the uprising in about 40 days, and announce the uprising on the second anniversary of the Guangxi uprising.
According to Deng Xiaoping's deployment and the decision of the party committee meeting, together with other responsible persons, he led the military and people in the Youjiang area and began to carry out various preparations for the Baise Uprising.
On December 1, 1929, Deng Xiaoping, a representative of the CPC Central Committee, Zhang Yunyi, Lei Jingtian and others successfully held the Baise Uprising. On that day, the gongs and drums in Baise City were noisy, the flags were unfurled, and the firecrackers were fired in unison.
Picture | oil painting of the Baise Uprising
This morning, a brightly colored flag of the "Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" was raised on the city tower. Five thousand workers, troops, teachers, peasants, businessmen and others stationed in the Baise Uprising gathered in the Baise East Gate Square and held a grand inauguration ceremony of the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
At the ceremony, the leading comrades of the Seventh Red Army spoke at the mass meeting and solemnly declared: The success of the Baise Uprising under the leadership of the Communist Party of China also officially announced the official establishment of the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
At the meeting, the names of the leaders of the Red Seventh Army and three columns were also announced: Deng Xiaoping was appointed political commissar and Zhang Yunyi was appointed commander of the Red Seventh Army. After the establishment of the Seventh Red Army, the party committee of the unit was changed to the Committee of Former Enemies, and Deng Xiaoping served as the secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies.
After the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and the Guangzhou Uprising, another Red Army under the leadership of the Communist Party was finally born. Soon, the counties along the Right River successively set up workers' and peasants' governments.
Soon, the Red Seventh Army switched to battle on the border between Gui and Qian, and achieved some victories. Three days after the troops were repaired in Rongjiang City, Zhang Yunyi and other leaders consulted and held that our army was able to annihilate a large number of enemies in the guerrilla war on the border between Guizhou and Qian, replenish weapons and equipment, expand the political influence of our army, and achieve the predetermined goal.
Picture | oil painting of the Red Seventh Army
At the same time, our army also decided to quickly withdraw from the Rong River and return to the Right River.
In mid-May, the main force of the Red Seventh Army returned to Donglan County. Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Yunyi, and others held an enlarged meeting of the Former Military Commission and made a decision to recover the counties along the Right River and to recover Baise. In early June, Zhang Yunyi and Li Mingrui led the first and second columns of the Red Seventh Army to Baise.
The first and second columns of the Seventh Red Army entered the position in accordance with the unified deployment of the military headquarters. Although the weather was hot at that time, every commander and fighter was full of morale and energy.
Not long after, with Zhang Yunyi's order, the siege troops' pursuit guns, mountain artillery, rifles, and machine guns all opened up towards the enemy's position. Under the cover of artillery fire, the Red Seventh Army headed towards the people. For a moment, the sound of guns, military trumpets, and shouts of death will suddenly vibrate in the wilderness on the outskirts of the city.
At this time, the key to recovering Baise was to destroy the enemy's large bunker at Changsnake Ridge, and the siege troops concentrated their forces to attack the long snake ridge, and various light and heavy weapons attacked the enemy's positions fiercely.
Pictured| warriors are fighting
However, due to the favorable terrain occupied by the enemy, the second column launched several strong attacks without success. In order to take down the big bunker before dark, clear the barrier to entering Baise.
Braving the enemy's gunfire and bullets, military commander Zhang Yunyi climbed up the Changsnake Ridge from the side of the enemy's bunker, came to a distance of 500 meters from the enemy to observe the enemy's situation, and held a military meeting at the scene.
After three gunshots, the enemy bunker was blown flat. The attacking forces that had previously been ambushed near the bunker fled into the city in a hurry. Under the command of Zhang Yunyi and Li Mingrui. The Red Seventh Army broke into the town of Baise and engaged in a fierce street battle with the enemy.
At four o'clock that night, the battle was all over, and the first and second columns were assembled in victory. In this battle, more than 500 guns were captured, more than 600 enemies were annihilated, more than 40,000 rounds of ammunition, 2 mortars and a large number of supplies were captured, and Baise once again returned to everyone's hands.
In July 1930, in order to adapt to the development of the situation and consolidate the achievements of the revolution, Deng Xiaoping, political commissar of the CPC and former enemy of the Red Seventh Army, and Zhang Yunyi, commander of the Red Seventh Army, discussed that a training class for party and government cadres in Youjiang should be established in Pingma Town, Enlong County, in preparation for the expansion of the contingent, the accumulation of talents, and future struggles.
The | Deng Xiaoping, who arrived in northern Shaanxi in 1936 after the victory of the Long March, is a very precious photograph of Deng Xiaoping's Red Army period
For this decision, Zhang Yunyi fully agreed. Whoever did it, the training course was soon established.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="34" >03 The two led an army to rendezvous with Zhu Mao</h1>
At this time, because Li Lisan misestimated the situation at that time, he thought that the climax of the national revolution had arrived. However, under the guidance of this erroneous thinking, the tasks entrusted by the Central Committee to the Red Seventh Army were: to lay siege to Guilin and Liuzhou, to establish revolutionary base areas in Xiaobeijiang, Guangdong, to organize the warlords of liangguang to reinforce the north, and finally to seize Guangzhou, thus ensuring the final victory of the Red Army throughout the country in capturing Wuhan.
On September 30, Deng Gang (Deng Baqi), a representative of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, arrived in Pingma Town. At the meeting of the Former Committee of the Red Seventh Army, Deng Gang conveyed the orders and resolutions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Red Seventh Army on October 2.
The Committee of Former Enemies of the Army had different opinions on the orders given by the CPC Central Committee to the Red Seventh Army, and both Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi believed that it would be difficult to accomplish the tasks entrusted to them by the Central Committee.
However, Deng Gang resolutely disagreed and resolutely demanded the order of the central authorities. Therefore, Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping decided to follow the instructions of the central authorities and say nothing more.
Pictured| old photo of Deng Xiaoping
At the beginning of November, the columns of the Red Seventh Army came to the Waida River Pond. On November 7, the Red Seventh Army held its first party congress here. Under the presidency of Deng Gang, a deputy to the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the slogans of "hitting Guilin," "hitting Liuzhou," and "hitting Guangzhou" were put forward.
After the meeting, it was decided to reorganize the four columns of the Seventh Red Army into three divisions of the 19th, 20th, and 21st, with Deng Xiaoping as the political commissar and Zhang Yunyi as the commander. When only a few hundred people were left in the first column of the Red Eighth Army, after a hard change of battle, it was incorporated into the Red Seventh Army in Hechi.
On February 5, 1931, Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi led the Red Seventh Army to lead all the soldiers of the Red Seventh Army to successfully reach Yangxi Ferry from Meihua Village after two days of rapid marching, preparing to cross the Lechang River from here, then cross the Lechang River from here, and then make peace with the Central Red Army in front of the river.
When I came to Yangxi Ferry, the only tools that could provide the troops to cross the river were two relatively dilapidated boats, which could only pass more than 20 people at a time, and the round-trip time took ten minutes, and the progress was very slow. In the late afternoon, there was a sudden burst of intense and compact gunfire from the river. It turned out that the Guangdong warlords had already brought in a large number of enemy troops and launched a surprise attack on our army.
Deng Xiaoping and Li Mingrui then led some of the commanders and fighters of the 58th Regiment and the 58th Regiment, which had already crossed the river, to engage the enemy and cover the subsequent troops to cross the river.
Figure | schematic map of the route of the main force of the Seventh Red Army to the north to Jiangxi to meet the Central Red Army
With both sides outnumbered, the enemy eventually occupied the crossing on the other side of the river. Those who had crossed the river had to be forcibly transferred, the Red Seventh Army was forced to divide into two parts, and most of the troops who had not crossed the river were non-combatants, and there were not many guns and ammunition left.
Just when everyone was panicking, I saw Zhang Yunyi riding a big horse to meet them and said to everyone: "Now that we can't cross the river, we will temporarily retreat backwards." No matter how fierce the enemy is, he will not be able to stop our advance, and we will certainly be able to cross the Lechang River and reach the Central Red Army. ”
After a hard battle, Zhang Yunyi finally led his troops down to the Central Soviet Area and Zhu Mao's Red Army to meet. Not long after, Deng Xiaoping also came to the Central Red Army, and the two began to fight together again.
In 1934, due to the wrong command of Wang Ming and Bogu, the Fifth Anti-Encirclement and Suppression Campaign of the Red Army failed. The Central Red Army could only lead the Red Army to be forced to transfer, and officially began the Long March of the Red Army.
After the Battle of Xiangjiang, in order to further suppress the Red Army, Chiang Kai-shek led 400,000 troops to encircle and intercept the remaining Red Army. During the mighty 100,000-mile Long March, Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping, under the command of the Party Central Committee, made meritorious contributions in the battle against the Kuomintang army.
Picture | old photo of Zhang Yunyi
Under the siege and interception of the Kuomintang, the Central Red Army faced great danger. To this end, the Central Committee held a meeting to discuss and unanimously held that only by successfully crossing the Wujiang River could the Central Committee get rid of the encirclement and blockade of the Kuomintang army.
In order to win the final victory of the battle, Chairman Mao personally named Liu Bocheng to direct the battle, and sent Zhang Yunyi to assist Liu Bocheng. In this battle, Zhang Yunyi performed well and was praised by Liu Bocheng and Chairman Mao.
Since then, although Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping belong to different teams, the two have always been concerned about each other.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="44" >04 Zhang Yunyi was seriously ill and Deng Xiaoping personally came to visit</h1>
After the founding of New China, Zhang Yunyi, as the secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, solved the problem of banditry in Guangxi. Deng Xiaoping has always looked at this in his eyes. In this regard, Deng Xiaoping recalled:
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, his old partner Zhang Yunyi still did not forget his original intention and insisted on serving the people.
Due to too much work, Zhang Yunyi finally fell ill in 1970, and his physical condition was gradually deteriorating. Finally, in 1973 he was accompanied by his wife to the hospital for treatment.
Pictured| Zhang Yunyi and his wife Han Bi in Guangzhou in 1964
When Zhang Yunyi's son Zhang Guangdong heard the news that his father was seriously ill, he worked in the big mountain ravine in Sichuan for the first time to apply to the organization and asked to go home to visit his father. The superiors also knew that he had not seen his father since graduating from the Kazakh military industry, so he agreed to this request.
After coming to Zhang Yunyi's hospital room, Zhang Yunyi saw his dying father in the ward and said sadly: "Father, Zhang Guangdong, who is not filial piety, has come to see you." ”
Hearing his son's call, he woke up in a coma, recognized many unseen sons at a glance, and said with difficulty: "Can you stay with your father and not leave?" ”
Hearing his father's call, Zhang Guangdong quickly turned around and shed tears. At this time, he realized that his father usually seemed to be very strict with himself, but his love for himself was already deeply hidden in his heart.
Soon, the news of Zhang Yunyi's serious illness reached the hearts of the central leaders. When Chairman Mao heard about this, he made a special phone call to inquire about his physical condition. At the same time, the relevant departments were also instructed to cure Zhang Yunyi's illness.
Pictured| Zhang Yunyi and son Zhang Guangdong
After Zhang Yunyi's illness worsened, in addition to the concern of Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai, many old partners and old comrades-in-arms who had followed him for many years came to express their condolences, and in addition to Mo Wenye, Tan Zhenlin, Ye Jianying, and Wei Guoqing, Deng Xiaoping also personally came to the hospital to visit.
In February 1974, Zhang Yunyi's cerebral thrombosis worsened, causing him to lose his lower body and not even be able to speak. In order to save Zhang Yunyi's life as much as possible, Zhang Yunyi was eventually transferred to Beijing 301 Hospital for treatment.
In 1974, Zhang Yunyi's friend Deng Xiaoping resumed his work. After learning the news, Deng Xiaoping came to the 301 Hospital for a visit at the first time. At that time, Zhang Yunyi struggled to open his eyes. Seeing that he had not seen himself in Beijing for many years, he could not help but shed tears of excitement.
On the hospital bed, Zhang Yunyi said with difficulty: "Before we parted, it is good to see your old partner!" ”
Hearing Zhang Yunyi's words, Deng Xiaoping couldn't stop shedding tears, clasped his hand tightly, and said: "Comrade Yunyi, our two are the oldest and oldest comrades-in-arms!" What a sad word, from the Baise Uprising to the present 45 years of ups and downs, we have not seen any big winds and waves, I believe this time will not be an exception. Old partner, you're going to be fine. ”
On November 19, 1974, Zhang Yunyi walked peacefully in his sleep. Perhaps he came to the battlefield of Jinge Iron Horse again, and the old comrades he was most familiar with, remembering the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing government in the past, remembering the 72 martyrs who sacrificed in Huanghuagang, and the days and nights of fighting with the old comrade-in-arms Deng Xiaoping...