Emperor Cao Pi of Wei (187 – June 29, 226), courtesy name Zihuan, was a native of Peiguo County (沛国谯县; present-day Bozhou, Anhui). Founding Emperor of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period (reigned 220-226). The second son of Emperor Cao Cao of Weiwu, his mother was Empress Bian of Wuxuan. In the first month of the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Cao died of illness in Luoyang, and Cao Pi succeeded him from Yicheng to Luoyang to succeed Cheng Xiang and The King of Wei, and rebuilt An for twenty-five years as the first year of Yankang. On the first day of October in the first year of Yankang 's reign ( November 13 , 220 , the day of the Fallen Dynasty ) , Cao Pi , the King of Wei , issued an edict to pay tribute to the fallen soldiers. On the thirteenth day (November 25, the day of the Second Emperor), Emperor Xian of Han formally abdicated the throne, and Cao Pi resigned three times. On the 29th (December 11, Xin Wei day), Cao Pi deng was proclaimed emperor by Zentai, changed the Yuan Huangchu, changed Luoyang to Luoyang, and pardoned the world.
After ascending the throne as emperor, Cao Pi showed his ability to rule in martial arts. On the one hand, Cao Pi adopted Chen Qun's advice and established the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, which successfully eased the relationship between the Cao clan and the Shi clan, gained their support, and promoted the Jiupin Zhongzheng system to become the main official selection system during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. On the other hand, during the reign of Cao Pi, he also launched campaigns against Shu Han and Eastern Wu. So, the question is, when Cao Pi was in power, he attacked Eastern Wu three times and attacked Shu Han once, and what was the final result?
Cao Pi first cut down Wu
In the second year of the Huang Dynasty (221), Sun Quan of the State of Wu, because he had previously attacked guan Yu and seized the land of Jingzhou, feared that Liu Bei would retaliate from the beginning to the end, so he pretended to reconcile relations with the Envoys of Cao Pi of the State of Wei and sent them to the forbidden place. In this regard, "Cao Pi dispatched" Taichang Xingzhen to hold the right to worship as a great general, crowned the King of Wu, and added Jiu Xi. "Sun Quanyu is a vassal of Wei.
In the same year, in order to avenge Guan Yu and also to retake the land of Jingzhou, Liu Bei personally led the armies to cut down Wu, and Sun Quan sent a letter to ask for peace, but Liu Beisheng was angry and did not allow it. In 221 AD, the Shu Han army attacked wukou and sister of the Wu army. In the first month of the third year of the Huang Dynasty (222), Sun Quan wrote a letter to Cao Pi, stating that he would send troops to meet the enemy, and Cao Pi wrote a "Letter to Sun Quan, the King of Wu", encouraging him to kill the enemy. In leap month, Sun Quan broke Liu Bei's position at Yiling (夷陵, in modern Yidu, Hubei Province). When Cao Pi heard that Liu Bei had led his army to the east and engaged Sun Quan, Shuzha had camped for more than 700 miles, believing that Liu Bei had committed a great taboo against soldiers and would surely die quickly. Seven days later, Sun Quan broke Liu Bei's documents and delivered them. At the Battle of Yiling, Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei, prompting Shu Han to become the weakest of the Three Kingdoms.
After the Battle of Yiling, Sun Quan, because he relieved shu Han of the threat, repeatedly delayed the matter of sending his eldest son to enter Wei as a hostage, and the alliance between Wei and Wu gradually appeared in a situation of seeming harmony and separation. In October of the same year, Sun Quan rebelled. Cao Pi was very angry at Sun Quan's deception and betrayal, and encouraged the generals in the "Edict of Wu Wu": "March south to encircle Jiangling and get more boats and ships." Behead the captives, and surrender the prisoners. Cow wine day. He expressed his determination to march south to Sun Quan. This prompted Cao Pi to lead a large army to conquer Eastern Wu for the first time.
In 222, Cao Pi set out from Xuchang to conquer the state of Wu in the south. In this battle, Cao Wei's armies advanced in parallel, and Cao Zhen, Cao Xiu, and other major victories were made, defeating Sun Sheng, breaking Lü Fan, burning Zhuge Jin, and almost capturing Jiangling.
In this battle, Sun Quan refused to defend Linjiang, and several fronts were either defeated or defeated, and only Zhu Huan had to break Cao Ren all the way. Cao Pi's victory was in sight, but he did not expect to encounter the epidemic, coupled with Zhu Ran's stubborn defense of Jiangling, Sun Quan took the opportunity to re-send the envoy Nagong, the two sides made peace, and Cao Pi withdrew. In this regard, in the author's opinion, Cao Pi's first conquest of Eastern Wu was actually only one step away from success. However, for various reasons, Cao Pi still failed to achieve victory. Correspondingly, Sun Quan came to the peak of his life because of his continuous defeat of Shu Han and Cao Wei, which also laid a good foundation for Sun Quan to eventually become emperor.
Cao Pi cut down Wu for the second time
In 223, after Liu Bei died of illness in the White Emperor's City, Liu Chan took the throne. When the White Emperor was alone, Liu Bei had already handed over all the power of Shu Han to Zhuge Liang. Therefore, after Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi as an envoy to Eastern Wu, and the two families rebuilt and joined forces to resist Cao Wei. Sun Quan broke off relations with Cao Wei again, and this time, completely angering Cao Pi, he decided to march on the throne. In July of the fifth year of the Huang Dynasty (224), Cao Pi led a large army to the south for the second time.
In September of the fifth year of the Huang Dynasty (224), when Cao Pi arrived at the Yangtze River from Guangling, Eastern Wu set up a suspicious army along the river to defend, and it happened that the water of the Yangtze River rose, and Cao Pi saw it and sighed: "Although the State of Wei has a thousand cavalry, it is useless to come here, and Jiangnan is not easy to take." Then retreated back to the Dynasty. In this regard, in the author's opinion, if you want to defeat Eastern Wu, you must build this powerful water division. And this requires long-term preparation. However, due to physical reasons, Cao Pi did not have enough time to build ships and train sailors.
Cao Pi cut down Wu for the third time
In March of the sixth year of the Huang Dynasty (225), Cao Pi again marched in person, this time as a "boat master" to conquer Wu. Before The Cao Wei army set out, Gong Zheng (i.e., Yushi Zhongcheng) Bao Xun advised: "The reason why Wang Shi's repeated conquests did not win was because Wu Shu was dependent on each other, and with the dangerous obstacles of the mountains and rivers, there was a geographical situation that was difficult to win. In previous years, when wu was conquered, the dragon boat was floating, which was very dangerous, and now it was necessary to go on an expedition and spend money, and the subject thought that it was impossible. In this regard, in the author's opinion, Bao Xun's advice is actually very reasonable. However, this is naturally difficult for Cao Pi, who is eager to make meritorious achievements.
Therefore, Cao Pi was furious and demoted Bao Xun to a lower post. In May of the sixth year of the Huang Dynasty (225), Cao Pi arrived in Chenxian County, entered the Huai River in August, and arrived at the old city of Guangling in October, Cao Pi conducted a ceremony to inspect the army by the river, "there are more than 100,000 soldiers, and the banner is hundreds of miles", and the Wei army is extremely powerful. Although Cao Pi "had the ambition to cross the river", however, under the stubborn defense of the Wu army, he encountered a cold weather, the river froze, and the warships of the Wei army could not enter the Yangtze River. ”
Therefore, it is very obvious that Cao Pi's three conquests of Eastern Wu failed to achieve substantial results. In the seventh year of the Huang Dynasty (226), Cao Pi died of illness in Luoyang at the age of forty, with the title of Wen and the temple name Shizu, and was buried in the Shouyang Mausoleum. With the death of Cao Pi, coupled with Zhuge Liang's repeated northern expeditions to the Central Plains from 228 AD, this prompted Cao Wei to gradually focus on the side of Shu Han. It is worth noting that during the reign of Cao Pi, he once sent a large army to attack Shu Han. Of course, because the battle is small, the battle is usually overlooked.
Cao Pi conquered Shu Han
In 219 (the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an), Meng Da and Liu Feng captured Shangyong and other places. However, after Guan Yu's defeat, Meng Da was punished for fear of being punished, coupled with his discord with Liu Feng, and was often invaded by Liu Feng, so he led more than 4,000 families to surrender to Cao Wei. In this regard, in the author's opinion, after Meng Da surrendered to Cao Wei, he naturally wanted to make meritorious achievements, which prompted him to target Shangyong County, which was guarded by Liu Fengzhen.
In 220 AD, Cao Pi was proclaimed emperor, and Xiahou Shang was renamed marquis of Pingling Township, the general of Qianzheng Nan, the assassin of Jingzhou, and the governor of the southern warriors and horses. At that time, Xiahou Shangshang said: "Part of Liu Bei's army is stationed in Shangyong, where the mountains are dangerous, and they certainly will not think that we will go to sneak attacks, so we can send troops to go quietly and surprise them, so we will definitely be able to eliminate them." Therefore, Xiahou Shang and Xu Huang led a part of the soldiers, and with the assistance of Meng Da, they captured Shangyong in one fell swoop, Liu Feng was defeated, and Xiahou Shang pacified the three counties and nine counties and was promoted to the rank of general of Zhengnan. Therefore, it is very obvious that after Guan Yu was killed, Shu Han not only lost the three counties of Jingzhou, but also the three eastern counties were occupied by Cao Wei, which naturally aggravated the decline of Shu Han.